Development Of Electronic Systems Research Articles

Urea-Comprising Single Core Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Exploring the Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Charge Transport Properties.

Supramolecular electronics exploits the distinctive features stemming from noncovalent interactions, guiding the self-assembly of molecules to craft materials endowed with customized electronic functionalities. Hydrogen-bonded materials, characterized by their capacity to establish dynamic and stable networks, introduce an extra dimension to the development of supramolecular electronic systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of two remarkably small semiconductors utilizing diketopyrrolopyrrole functionalized with urea units as hydrogen-bonding motifs, strategically positioned at opposing ends of the conjugated core. We show how the subtle distinction in functionalization not only influences morphology and self-assembly dynamics via hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking formation, but also holds significant consequences for ultimate charge transport properties. Our observations into the interplay of noncovalent interactions provide valuable insights and strategic pathways for the design of novel materials with enhanced electronic characteristics.

Behavior Intention Analysis of E-Money Users: A Study Based on Maqashid Sharia and Fatwa DSN MUI

E-money can be used for various purposes such as online purchases, fund transfers, and financial transactions, providing convenience and efficiency in transactions by eliminating the need for physical cash. The development of new technologies and lifestyle changes have significantly influenced the development of electronic payment systems, also known as non-cash payments. The use of electronic money must adhere to Islamic principles of ethics and morality, avoiding transactions that are prohibited or harmful to others and prioritising the security and privacy of user data. This research involves a document review of electronic money instruments in Indonesia and the current advantages of electronic money with data collection by reading related literature. This article aims to analyse the behaviour intention of e-money users using maqhasid shariah approach and DSN MUI fatwa. The attitude of e-money users determines in carrying out economic activities, of course, what will be considered is the benefit for themselves and others, besides that the implementation of economic activities using e-money is influenced by the environment and the people around them, this is called subjective norms, (normative belief) and perceived behavioural control, There are two indicators to assess hifdz al-mal, namely macro indicators with a top-down approach, and micro focusing on a bottom-up approach, hifdz al-mal can be implemented in various aspects of life in the realm of finance and business practices, this concept emphasises ethical and responsible behaviour in acquiring, managing and distributing wealth, ensuring the welfare of individuals and society.

Simultaneously enhancing sensitivity and operation range of flexible pressure sensor by constructing a magnetic-guided microstructure in laser-induced graphene composite

Flexible pressure sensors play an essential role in the development of flexible electronic systems, which have been widely used in recent times for human activity monitoring and personal healthcare. However, possessing both high sensitivity and a wide operation range for pressure sensor remains challenging, as these requirements are commonly incompatible with each other. Herein, a magnetic induced graphene composite-based pressure sensor (MIPS) is demonstrated by integrating laser induced graphene (LIG) with a patterned valley-peak microstructure and a graphene film doped with magnetic microspheres. Owing to the synergistic effect of the 3D valley-peak microstructures and intercalation-like microstructures within the LIG composite film, the MIPS demonstrates excellent sensing performance in both sensitivity and operation range. The conductive network formed by graphene flakes improves electromechanical response capability, while the incorporation of magnetic microspheres (MMs) promotes the proliferation of conductive pathways in a small applied pressure range, and the valley-peak structure further enhances compressive strength over a large operation range. Accordingly, the MIPS exhibit excellent sensing capability over a range of 0–830 kPa, with an exceptionally high sensitivity of 4426.12 kPa−1 and excellent mechanical stability and durability (2000 cycles at a pressure of 800 kPa). Additionally, we have developed a novel pressure mapping system utilizing the MIPS array, enabling real-time monitoring of pressure spatial distribution and intensity. Notably, the MIPS array exhibits remarkable potential in diverse applications, including the monitoring of human physiological signals and movement. This pressure sensor with a hierarchically composite microstructure presents a promising candidate for the rapid advancement of next-generation wearable bioelectronics.

Users involvement in the electronic health information systems development process in Uganda: what is missing in relation to requirements gathering and analysis

Abstract User involvement in the electronic health information systems (eHIS) development process is crucial for gathering and analysing requirements that accurately reflect user needs. This is because their involvement is linked to the gathering and analysis of requirements that align with user needs. However, several studies reveal that there is still limited user involvement during these crucial phases, leading to the development of ineffective and inefficient systems that do not reflect user needs. Thus, this study explored how users were involved in the requirements gathering and analysis phases during eHIS development, with an aim of identifying the missing elements that hindered the design of more effective and effective eHIS. A cross-sectional survey, encompassing secondary and primary users, explored their involvement in the requirements gathering, analysis and design phases, using both open-ended and close ended questionnaires. Respondents (n = 140) were purposively selected from 20 organizations in northern and central Uganda. Data were cleaned and analysed using Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed a dominant use of a top-down approach, favouring the capture of high-level requirements at the Ministry of Health level, and among implementing partners. However, less attention was given to gathering and analysing requirements from facility-level users. Even when collected, primary users reported that their opinions and recommendations were often ignored/disregarded, resulting in eHIS designs with usability-related challenges. This study underscores the critical need for active user involvement in the early stages of eHIS development to ensure alignment with user needs and work practices.

Introducing an Antenatal Care Electronic Health System for Low and Middle Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on 1217 Iranian Pregnant Women.

Maternal health care is one of the main challenges worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Iran. In this cross-sectional study, we introduce an electronic health software for maternal care that is active under the supervision of the Valiasr Reproductive Health Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in providing maternal health education to Iranian pregnant women. In addition to describing the details of this open-source software and encouraging LMICs health policymakers to develop such software, this manuscript also provides a cross-sectional report and statistical analysis on anonymous Iranian pregnant women who registered in this system. Since 2015, we have launched an electronic health software in Iran called "niniMED Pregnancy Calendar" in Persian. This system has multiple educational and motivational features for pregnant women, including momentary weight recommendations based on pregnancy week and recommended dates for common tests during pregnancy according to the first day of the last menstrual period in Jalali calendar format. Additionally, we measured user satisfaction with this system using a questionnaire. From 2015 to 2017, 1,217 anonymous Iranian pregnant women registered in this system. The average age of pregnant Iranian women was 30.67 years (30 years and 8 months). Users had a body mass index (BMI) of 24.68 kg.m-2, which had a significant direct relationship with their gestational age (P=5.81e-05) and indicated an improvement in appropriate weight for Iranian women compared to previous studies. We showed that there was a significant direct relationship between the age of Iranian pregnant women and the likelihood of a high-risk pregnancy (P=0.008). We also observed a significant inverse relationship between pregnancy week and their tendency to receive pregnancy-related education (P=0.018). Finally, we found that more than 88% of pregnant Iranian women assessed membership in such systems as completely useful for pregnancy. The development of such electronic health systems for informing pregnant women can provide low-cost maternal education to LMICs pregnant women and potentially assist in managing weight gain during pregnancy and reducing associated risks. It can also be widely accepted by pregnant women.

CNS/ATM Technologies Application

The current situation in air traffic management requires new ways of approaches related to insufficient navigation network capacities. The theme is still actual despite the pandemic and war situation, which mitigated the impact of airspace overload for a while. The aim of the article is to present the actual situation, development of electronic support systems and point up to possibilities of new trends application in Slovak airports.

Poly(arylene ether nitrile) composite foams with magnetically and electrically separated structures for frequency-selective electromagnetic interference shielding

With the rapid development of communication technology and modern intelligent electronic systems, the demand for frequency-selective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has grown. In this work, poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) composite foams with separated magnetic and conductive layers were prepared via delayed non-solvent induced phase separation, where the distribution of magnetic and conductive layers was designed to construct double-layer asymmetric structures and sandwich structures. Benefiting from destructive interference between electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in the magnetically and electrically separated porous structures, the double-layer asymmetric composites (M−C) exhibited outstanding absorption-dominated EMI shielding performance with favorable frequency selectivity, which did not occur in conventional double-layer composites. Specifically, M−C achieved a maximum shielding efficiency (SE) of 49.3 dB and a maximum average absorption ratio (Ar) of 93.9 %. Meanwhile, increasing the thickness of the magnetic layer of M−C can lower the characteristic frequency (fc) of the shielding peak and enhance average SE and average Ar. Moreover, M−C could show higher fc, average Ar, and average adsorption coefficient in the X-band when the incident EMWs first met with the magnetic layer, which was unavailable in frequency-selective PEN-based sandwich-structured composites. This effort offers a novel, flexible design to fabricate absorption-dominated EMI shielding materials with frequency selectivity.

A Compact Slotted UWB Antenna Based on Characteristics Mode Theory for Wireless Applications

The development of electronic systems and wireless communication has led to a proportional increase in data traffic over time. One potential solution for alleviating data congestion is to augment the bandwidth capacity. This study presents a novel asymmetric circular slotted semi-circle-shaped monopole antenna design using a defective ground structure. The extended ultrawide bandwidth is achieved by implementing a design where the semi-circle radiator is etched in a specific asymmetric circular slot. This involves etching a circle with a radius of 1.25 mm at the center of the radiator, as well as a succession of circles with a radius of 0.75 mm along the edges of the radiator. In addition, the ground plane is situated at a lower elevation and features a U-shaped truncation that has been etched onto its surface. The expansion of the impedance bandwidth can be accomplished by making adjustments to the radiator and ground plane. The UWB antenna under consideration possesses a geometric configuration of 21.6 × 20.8 × 1.6 mm3 and the antenna is fabricated using an FR-4 glass epoxy substrate. The UWB antenna operates throughout the frequency range of 2.2–16.5 GHz, exhibiting a gain of at least 3.45 dBi across the entire impedance bandwidth and the maximum peak gain of 9.57 dBi achieved at the mid-resonance frequency of 10.5 GHz. The investigation of the antenna’s physical properties is conducted utilizing characteristic mode analysis. The investigation also includes an analysis of the time-domain characteristics, revealing that the group delay was found to be less than 1 ns across the operational frequency range. The predicted and measured findings demonstrate consistency and confirm that the suggested antenna is suitable for electronic systems and wireless applications.

REGULATION OF DIGITAL HEALTHCARE SERVICES – (NOT) COVERED UNDER THE DIGITAL SERVICES ACT?

The regulation of digital services is currently experiencing significant growth, primarily due to the adoption of new legal regulation at the European Union level, specifically the Digital Services Act. Digital services play a pivotal role in a country's economy by facilitating cross-border trade and enabling entrepreneurs to reach a vast user base, often comprising consumers. Despite their advantages, these services also entail substantial risks, particularly in relation to their widespread and more challenging-to-regulate usage. Alongside their positive impact, they also contribute significantly to the dissemination of illegal and harmful information. In recent years, there has been a notable development and utilization of new electronic information systems within the healthcare sector, accompanied by electronic healthcare services. This connection is not limited to the Covid-19 pandemic but is also a result of the dynamic evolution of information and communication technologies and their potential in healthcare provision. In this paper, the author analyzes the research question regarding which digital healthcare services in the Slovak Republic fall within the scope of the new European legislation. The author examined European regulations, focusing on the types of electronic healthcare services existing in Slovakia. By synthesizing and applying available information and rules to selected electronic healthcare services, the study concludes that the Digital Services Act has only a limited impact on the functioning of these selected digital healthcare services.

Development of microfluidic device and electronic infusion system to fabricate microfiber of alginate and carbon nanotube

A novel microfluidic device and electronic infusion system for carbon nanotube-calcium chloride alginate microfibers are presented in this study. The microfluidic device was designed using Google SketchUp and 3D printing, and the electronic infusion system-controlled alginate solution flow to the calcium chloride jar—the silicon-PDMS microfluidic device produced calcium alginate microfibers with carbon nanotubes. The device to emulsify the two fluids was modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics. The microfluidic device and calcium chloride jar received juice from the syringe pump via a high-flow infusion pump (100, 150, and 200 rpms). Field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) detected highly concentrated microfibers with sizes from 10 to 100 um. I-V characterization showed that sodium alginate's carbon nanotubes at 5%, 6%, and 7% produced fiber sizes between 16.6 and 30 ums. Compared to pure alginate microfibers, those with carbon nanotubes and calcium chloride had higher mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. This study shows that the developed system can produce advanced microfibers with improved properties for various applications.

Роль цифровизации на мировом валютном рынке

In recent decades, digitalization has been taking place in all spheres of public life. It generates keen interest in the study of the possibilities provided by new technologies. Taking into account the importance of currency relations for the economy of any country and the world economy as a whole, it is relevant to study the impact of digitalization on the foreign exchange market. The article defines the development and use of electronic trading systems, the emergence of blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and the issuance of digital currencies by central banks as the main areas of influence. It is shown that changes in the foreign exchange market associated with the improvement of trading systems lead mainly to positive consequences: an increase in the speed of currency exchange transactions, reduced risks and costs for the participants, and an expansion in the volume of annual deals. Possibilities and risks for cryptocurrency users in calculations and investment are characterized, as well as possibilities of increasing the speed, reducing the cost, and diversifying the currency structure of international settlements with digital currencies of central banks. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop legal regulation of the procedure for issuing and functioning of cryptocurrencies, international settlements using digital currencies of central banks, and the creation of reliable measures to protect against cyber threats.

All-passive microwave-diode nonreciprocal metasurface

Breaking reciprocity in the microwave frequency range is strongly desirable in the development of modern electronic systems, as it enables nonreciprocal wave absorbing, nonreciprocal beam steering, frequency conversion, and protection of sensitive devices from high energy sources. However, the typical approaches involve bulky biasing magnets or complex spatial-temporal modulations. As such, resorting to lightweight and all-passive platforms would result in optimal configurations and efficient integration. Starting from a circuit model, we theoretically demonstrate the nonreciprocal behavior on a transmission line building block creating a strong field asymmetry with a switchable matching stub to enable two distinct working states. After translating to an electromagnetic model, this concept is first proved by simulation and then experimentally verified on a microstrip-line-based diode-integrated metasurface showing nonreciprocal transmission. This printed circuit board design is expected to find various applications in electromagnetic protecting layers, communication systems, microwave isolators and circulators.

A hackathon as a tool to enhance research and practice on electronic health record systems' interoperability for chronic disease management and prevention.

The development of a standardized technical framework for exchanging electronic health records is widely recognized as a challenging endeavor that necessitates appropriate technological, semantic, organizational, and legal interventions to support the continuity of health and care. In this context, this study delineates a pan-European hackathon aimed at evaluating the efforts undertaken by member states of the European Union to develop a European electronic health record exchange format. This format is intended to facilitate secure cross-border healthcare and optimize service delivery to citizens, paving the way toward a unified European health data space. The hackathon was conducted within the scope of the X-eHealth project. Interested parties were initially presented with a representative clinical scenario and a set of specifications pertaining to the European electronic health record exchange format, encompassing Laboratory Results Reports, Medical Imaging and Reports, and Hospital Discharge Reports. In addition, five onboarding webinars and two professional training events were organized to support the participating entities. To ensure a minimum acceptable quality threshold, a set of inclusion criteria for participants was outlined for the interested teams. Eight teams participated in the hackathon, showcasing state-of-the-art applications. These teams utilized technologies such as Health Level Seven-Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) and Clinical Document Architecture (CDA), alongside pertinent IHE integration profiles. They demonstrated a range of complementary uses and practices, contributing substantial inputs toward the development of future-proof electronic health record management systems. The execution of the hackathon demonstrated the efficacy of such approaches in uniting teams from diverse backgrounds to develop state-of-the-art applications. The outcomes produced by the event serve as proof-of-concept demonstrators for managing and preventing chronic diseases, delivering value to citizens, companies, and the research community.

Impact of the series resistance on reverse current of solution-processed Schottky-Barrier-Diodes based on ZnO-rods

In the last years, the implementation of solution-processing techniques, as well as the use of nanostructured oxide semiconductors, have pursued the development of large-area electronic systems. However, the proper understanding of the electrical characteristics of this type of devices is needed with the aim to properly implement potential applications. In general, the diode behaviour at forward condition has been analysed in the literature, but at reverse condition further research is required. Therefore, in this work, the fabrication and electrical characterization at reverse condition of solution-processed Schottky-Barrier-Diodes based on ZnO-rods is presented. Two different conduction mechanisms with a transition occurring at around –2 V were observed. Also, numerical solutions of the diode reverse current characteristic, which includes the series resistance (R s ) for both conduction mechanisms, were implemented and the impact of the series resistance was addressed. Finally, a numerical optimization strategy was used to determine the diode parameters which best fit the experimental current.

The effectiveness of S-100 ECDIS capable of ENDS in the view of ship officers’ visual characteristics

The development of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) has enabled conversion of nautical charts from paper publications to electronic format. Because the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has mandated the installation of ECDIS in ships engaged in international navigation, the effectiveness of the newly introduced S-100 ECDIS must be determined using electronic equipment, compared with traditional navigation preparation tasks. Here, the effectiveness of the S-100 ECDIS, capable of Electronic Navigational Data Service (ENDS), was compared with the effectiveness of the existing ECDIS and traditional nautical publications by analyzing the visual performance of ship officers during tasks involved in developing a voyage plan. This study showed that the S-100 ECDIS with ENDS is more effective than the S-57 ECDIS with nautical publications. The improvement in voyage planning using the S-100 ECDIS was demonstrated by ship officers’ visual performance.

An application of Electronic Monitoring System to optimize onboard observation protocols for estimating tropical tuna purse seine discards

Onboard observer programs have been implemented since the 2000′s to monitor the impact of tropical tuna fisheries on pelagic ecosystems. The recent development of Electronic Monitoring Systems (EMS) offer new insights to improve the monitoring and estimation of discards at sea, which remains a challenge for observers on board purse seiners where catch handling occurs simultaneously at different places on the vessel and often represents large volumes discarded within a short amount of time. In this study, data collected through EMS installed on board French tropical tuna purse seiners operating in the Indian Ocean were used to examine the sorting process and test optimized observer sampling strategies to obtain robust estimates of discards. We used EMS “counts per minute” data to estimate the total amount of discards in numbers, as well as discards per taxa by fishing set. Results indicate differences in the flow of discards among species and sorting location with 82% of the individuals released through the discard belt in the lower deck, the rest being directly released from the upper deck. Observer sampling strategies were simulated with the aim of optimizing the total sampling duration and the duration of sampling sequences by assessing the bias and coefficient of variation of the estimates. Based on these results we recommend a protocol for onboard observers using a minimal coverage of 22 min of sorting operations in the lower deck, with sampling sequences of 2–4 min for large volumes of catch. Further strategies to improve the estimation of discards combining onboard and electronic observations are also discussed.

Reducing High Temperature System Development Cycle Time and Cost with Additively Manufactured Connectors

Connectors are a fundamental part of Ozark IC’s high temperature modules from characterization and test packages to Ozark IC’s XNode® data acquisition and single-board computing modules. Development of rugged high temperature electronic systems requires the co-development of similarly rugged high temperature connectors. The design and development of connector solutions enable test and evaluation of high temperature systems which would otherwise require fulfillment of a commercial connector order. There is a nascent supply chain of rugged, high temperature-rated connector designs but manufacturer lead times for such commercial products can exceed an entire design, prototype, and test cycle. Such delays are incompatible with rapid design iterations and fail-fast strategies employed in the development of extreme environment electronics – especially when the design and test cycles can change the requirements or specifications of the connectors. Polymer and ceramic additive manufacturing techniques enable in-house connector fabrication and support a connector co-development cycle that complements the pace and interdependent requirements of high temperature system development. These solutions are simple and reliable under laboratory conditions, operating for thousands of hours at 200 °C [1] and hundreds of hours at 800 °C [2]. The use of proprietary connectors manufactured with additive techniques and digital tooling lends an extra degree of freedom to system design and enables the trade-off of connector with system design specifications that greatly accelerates system ruggedization. Electrical connectors represent the final interface between an electronics module and the outside world. A failure of a connector is a failure of packaging that makes the module opaque to the tester and renders the power and robustness of any electronic system moot.

Data storage query and traceability method of electronic certificate based on cloud computing and blockchain

In the age of big data, electronic data has developed rapidly and gradually replaced traditional paper documents. In daily life, all kinds of data are saved in the form of electronic documents. In this regard, people have strengthened the development of electronic depository system. Electronic storage refers to the storage of actual events in the form of electronic data through information technology to prove the time and content of events. Its application scenarios are very extensive such as electronic contracts, online transactions and intellectual property rights. However, due to the vulnerability of electronic data, the existing electronic data depository system has certain security risks, and its content is very easy to be tampered with and destroyed, resulting in the loss of depository information. Due to the complexity of the operation of the existing electronic data depository system, some users are likely to reduce the authenticity of the depository information due to the non-standard operation. In order to solve the problems existing in the current electronic data storage system, this paper designed an electronic data storage system based on cloud computing and blockchain technology. The data storage of cloud computing and blockchain was decentralized, and its content cannot be tampered with. It can effectively ensure the integrity and security of electronic information, which is more suitable for the needs of electronic storage scenarios. This paper first introduced the development of electronic data depository system and cloud computing, and optimized the electronic data depository system through the task scheduling model of cloud computing. Finally, the feasibility of the system was verified through experiments. The data showed that the functional efficiency of the system in the electronic data sampling point storage function, the upload of documents to be stored, the download of stored documents, the view of stored information function and the file storage and certificate comparison verification function has reached 0.843, 0.821, 0.798, 0.862 and 0.812 respectively. The final function indexes of each function of the traditional electronic data depository system were 0.619, 0.594, 0.618, 0.597 and 0.622 respectively. This data shows that the electronic data storage system based on cloud computing and blockchain modeling can effectively manage electronic data and facilitate relevant personnel to verify electronic data.

Large-signal time-domain equivalent circuit model for PEM fuel cell stacks

Hydrogen fuel cells have become one of the most viable power sources for electric aircraft. Models representing the electrical behavior of the fuel cell stack over the full dynamic operation region are essential for the development of power electronic energy systems powered by fuel cell stacks. This work presents an electrical equivalent circuit model for PEM fuel cell stacks representing the static and dynamic electrical behavior of the fuel cell stack under pulsed loads up to frequencies of 10 kHz. Dynamic phenomena on time scales slower than the considered timescale of power-electronic switching, such as reactant flow, membrane hydration, and temperature effects, are considered stationary. The parameterization method proposed is developed on measured data from a 110 W PEM fuel cell stack and validated with a set of measured data from a 2 kW stack. The time-domain simulated behavior of the parameterized model shows an accurate representation of the measured behavior: the parameterized model reproduces both the static polarization behavior and the behavior under high-frequency pulsed loading with errors of less than 1% with respect to the nominal stack voltage. The model is suitable for dynamic simulation of power electronic systems directly connected to fuel cell stacks and can be parameterized without special electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

Importance of Electronic Accounting Information Systems in Improving Financial Information Security in Jordanian Electronic Payment and Money Transfer Companies

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the level of effectiveness of electronic accounting information systems in enhancing the security and control of financial information in Jordanian payment and electronic transfer companies and its ability to provide reliability. And analyzing the ability of the system used in the payment and financial transfer companies to meet the operational requirements imposed by the regulators of the sector. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework dealt with the topics of the study from the security threats of electronic accounting information systems (Jacob, 2012: 67) and the risks of accounting information systems that are related to electronic payment systems, especially information security (Al-Maghribi, 2017). Accounting in reducing the risks of transactions, and the obstacles facing accounting systems in the face of the risks and threats of electronic systems Design/Methodology/Approach: The researcher used the inductive approach by referring to the literature related to the subjects of the study and the deductive approach in the field study by distributing a questionnaire to the electronic payment companies in Jordan. 96 questionnaires were retrieved. Using the spss program to analyze the data and reach the results Findings: The study Fined that there are factors that help to penetrate the accounting information systems in the Jordanian electronic payment and financial transfer companies. Network communication. Electronic accounting information in enhancing the security of financial information and control over it, and there are (obstacles) in providing security requirements and information control, in electronic payment and financial transfer companies related to the rapid development of electronic financial systems and electronic payment methods and their development. Research, practical & social implications: This study is considered one of the important and modern topics because electronic payment processes are considered one of the modern concepts with which many risks are associated. This study sheds light on these risks and threats and the ability of the strong accounting system to confront these threats and risks.. Originality/Value: The results indicate the importance of the topic and the importance of conducting a study on the risks of electronic payment systems, the threats facing the use of electronic payment methods and the obstacles facing accounting information systems in one of the newly established economic sectors in Jordan, which is the electronic payment companies.