Development Of Delinquency Research Articles

Measurement invariance of the inventory of Callous‑Unemotional traits in different age groups from preschool age to late adolescence in Germany.

Callous-unemotional traits are associated with the development of severe behavior problems, delinquency, and psychopathy. Previous studies have repeatedly shown that CU traits may be present as early as preschool age, and they have consistently used the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) to assess CU traits in children and adolescents. A three-factor structure for the ICU has been widely endorsed. The aim of our study is to compare the three-factor structure of the ICU in different age groups (preschool, middle childhood, early, and late adolescence) and to test for measurement invariance in a German sample of N = 2368 children and adolescents (M = 11.76 years; SD = 3.72). The results of our study indicate configural measurement invariance, suggesting that the ICU has the same structure in all age groups but with different meanings, parameters, and mean values in the groups. Accordingly, the ICU cannot be applied in the same way to children and adolescents of different age groups, which emphasizes the need for a more differentiated assessment.

Child maltreatment, low self-control, and delinquent behaviour of early-aged adolescents

Until now, there has been limited research on the specific relationship between exposure to child maltreatment, the development of low self-control and subsequent delinquency among non-western samples from a general theory of crime perspective. To address this research gap, this study explores the role of low self-control as a mediator between exposure to child maltreatment and delinquent behaviour of South Korean children. By using longitudinal data from South Korean children, structural equation modeling was employed to examine this relationship. The results of the analysis indicated that child maltreatment significantly influenced the development of low self-control in children. Also, the findings revealed that low self-control mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and delinquent behaviour. In other words, consistent with the proposition of the general theory of crime, children’s low self-control played a mediating role in the impact of exposure to child maltreatment on their engagement in delinquent behaviour. Based on these findings, the importance of early interventions to prevent child maltreatment and foster the self-control level of children is suggested.

The Role of Counseling Teacher in Overcoming Adolescent Determination in School

The purpose of this study is to describe and describe the study and concept of the development of juvenile delinquency in the world of education which is addressed by the role of the guidance and counseling teacher (BK) in overcoming the problem. This article was written using references from previous research related to the study of the role of counseling teachers in overcoming the development of juvenile delinquency at school age. The results of this literature review resulted in the conclusion that juvenile delinquency in the school environment can be reduced and minimized by the creativity of the counseling teacher in keeping students busy in activities that are more useful than the behavior of students who are not useful in filling their free time. From that it can be concluded that the role of the counseling teacher must be maximized in schools

Membangun Kesadaran Hukum Bagi Anak Dari Kenakalan Remaja

Introduction: Teenagers as holders of the baton for the next generation of the nation must be maintained in their growth and development. The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency today can be found in society.Purposes of Devotion: Community Service Activities are expected to provide answers about the development of juvenile delinquency and its legal consequences. The purpose of building legal awareness for children from juvenile delinquency is to provide education and understanding of legal regulations relating to children so that children in the future are not affected to commit acts of violence from juvenile delinquency that can lead to legal repercussions or consequences for the child. Method of Devotion: Carrying out legal counseling activities in Erie Hamlet, Nusaniwe Country, Ambon City, Maluku through panel discussions in which the presenters take turns presenting the material then followed by a question and answer session between the presenters and participants.Results of the Devotion: Teenagers as holders of the baton for the next generation of the nation must be maintained in their growth and development. Efforts to tackle juvenile delinquency cannot be done alone, but in overcoming it there must be cooperation between all elements, namely parents, the school, in this case the teacher who acts as a parent in the school, the government and the community.

Relationship between Sexual Abuse and Juvenile Delinquency among Girls in Kirigiti Girls Rehabilitation and Training Center, Kiambu County, Kenya

Juvenile delinquency, which has partly been attributed to family violence, has been on the increase all over the world. This study sought to find out the extent of juvenile delinquency at Kirigiti Girls Rehabilitation and Training Center (KGRTC): 
 
 To determine the prevalence of sexual abuse among girls at KGRTC, and 
 To examine the relationship between sexual abuse and juvenile delinquency among girls in KGRTC Kiambu County, Kenya
 
 The study was conceptualized by Attachment Theory. The study used an ex-post facto research design that largely employed quantitative techniques. The population study comprised 61 girl child offenders at KGRTC. The research used a census inquiry that included all 61 girl delinquents in the study, and data for the study were collected using questionnaires that were administered to the girls. The validity of the tools was established with the assistance of experts from Pan Africa Christian University (PACU), while the reliability was determined using Cronbach Coefficient Alpha through data collected in a pilot study conducted at the Kamae Girls Borstal Institution. A reliability coefficient of 0.855 was attained, which was considered an appropriate threshold. The quantitative data were analyzed by means of inferential and descriptive statistics with the assistance of the computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The results from the prevalence of sexual abuse showed that sexual abuse had a global mean score ( =2.16) for all the 12 items used to rate the prevalence of sexual abuse. This indicated that on a general scale, the girls had experienced a moderate level of various forms of sexual abuse, thus establishing that sexual abuse was a significant contributor to the development of juvenile delinquency. The study further revealed the existence of a strong, positive correlation between the sexual abuse and juvenile delinquency variables (r = + .708, n = 59, p < .01). The implications of this research suggest the need to invest heavily in psychotherapy of the girls’ inner hurts and childhood trauma as well as advocacy of appropriate approaches of parenting the girl child. The findings of this study imply that Attachment Theory may serve as an effective guiding principle for studying juvenile delinquency. This study identifies areas where difficulties exist with regard to juvenile delinquency among girls and suggests benefits for the treatment of girls from a systemic and multidimensional aspect.

The Linkage between Juvenile Delinquency and Progression of Socialization Under Social Psychology Perspective

The significant growth in adolescent delinquency over the last several years has raised the alarm, forcing many to consider what we can do in the face of this problem. The elements that contribute to the development of adolescent delinquency are multifaceted, both subjective and objective. Subjective variables for the creation of juvenile criminal psychology include a one-sided view of life and poor legal consciousness, immature cognitive structure, the dualism of emotional irritation and will, and mindless compliance. At the same time, poor family education, school education elements, and society’s negative effect are objective variables in the development of adolescent criminal psychology. Understanding the causes of juvenile delinquency and effectively preventing and regulating juvenile delinquency has become an essential societal concern that must be addressed in today’s society.

Secure Attachment Relationships With Mothers, But Not Fathers, Moderate the Relation Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms and Delinquency in Adolescents

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether secure parent-adolescent attachment relationships moderate the longitudinal relation between 9th grade (G9) ADHD symptoms and 12th grade (G12) delinquency within a community sample of adolescents. Method: Participants included 335 9th graders, of whom 203 students completed measures again in 12th grade. Mothers reported on their adolescents’ ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviors, and adolescents completed measures of their own delinquency and their perceptions of their parent-child attachment relationships. Results: G9 ADHD symptoms predicted increases in G12 delinquent behaviors. Moderation effects were also found such that G9 ADHD symptoms predicted G12 delinquency for only those youth who had moderate or low levels of secure maternal attachment. Paternal secure attachment did not moderate the effects of G9 ADHD symptoms on G12 delinquency. Conclusion: Findings underscore the importance of secure maternal attachment relationships in the development of delinquency among adolescents with ADHD symptoms.

Sensation-seeking-related DNA methylation and the development of delinquency: A longitudinal epigenome-wide study.

Heightened sensation-seeking is related to the development of delinquency. Moreover, sensation-seeking, or biological correlates of sensation-seeking, are suggested as factors linking victimization to delinquency. Here, we focused on epigenetic correlates of sensation-seeking. First, we identified DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns related to sensation-seeking. Second, we investigated the association between sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Third, we examined whether victimization was related to sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Participants (N = 905; 49% boys) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. DNAm was assessed at birth, age 7 and age 15-17. Sensation-seeking (self-reports) was assessed at age 11 and 14. Delinquency (self-reports) was assessed at age 17-19. Sensation-seeking epigenome-wide association study revealed that no probes reached the critical significance level. However, 20 differential methylated probes reached marginal significance. With these 20 suggestive sites, a sensation-seeking cumulative DNAm risk score was created. Results showed that this DNAm risk score at age 15-17 was related to delinquency at age 17-19. Moreover, an indirect effect of victimization to delinquency via DNAm was found. Sensation-seeking related DNAm is a potential biological correlate that can help to understand the development of delinquency, including how victimization might be associated with adolescent delinquency.

A Developmental Perspective on Girls’ Delinquency: Testing the Family Stress Model

Although there has been an increased focus on identifying causes of delinquency among girls, this is still a relatively understudied area of research, particularly among young women of color and those on the economic margins. Past research has identified economic disadvantage, exposure to maltreatment, and lack of positive parental supervision as antecedents in the development of delinquency, with family factors being especially influential for girls. There has been less attention on how these factors combine to produce a developmental cascade. The current study addresses this gap by implementing the family stress model, a conceptual paradigm that emphasizes the impact of economic hardship on family processes and, ultimately, youth outcomes. We address the study hypotheses with prospective, longitudinal data from a sample of Black girls ( N = 421) from two-caregiver and single-mother families. Results demonstrate support for the family stress model in both household types. Specifically, economic stress was associated with an increase in caregivers’ psychological distress, conflict between caregivers, and disrupted parenting, which was, in turn, associated with increased delinquent behavior. The current study adds to the literature on the negative effects of economic hardship on families and youth by illustrating how economic stress indirectly influences girls’ delinquent behavior through its detrimental impact on family processes.

К вопросу о личности несовершеннолетнего осужденного

The author of the article states distinct trends in the development of juvenile delinquency in Russia over the past five years. It is noted that the characteristic features of crimes committed by minors are associated with certain patterns of criminological characteristics of the individual, including convicts who are in an educational colony. The article presents an average portrait of the modern personality of a juvenile convict. It is said that knowledge of the criminological characteristics of the personality of a convicted teenager who is in isolation or at large is necessary for effective prevention of his illegal behavior.

THE EFFECT OF PARENTING PERCEPTIONS (AUTHORITATIVE, AUTHORITIVE, PERMISIVE) WITH ADOLESCENT'S DELAY

The increasing number of juvenile delinquency cases can be seen from several sources, mass media, online newspapers and news on television. When explored in depth, the development of juvenile delinquency is heavily influenced by family life.. This research is to find out : (1) the effect of authoritative, authoritarian, permissive parenting with juvenile delinquency. (2) The Effect of Authoritative Parenting with Juvenile Delinquency (3) The Effect of Authoritarian Parenting with Juvenile Delinquency. (4) The Effect of Permissive Parenting with Juvenile Delinquency. This study uses quantitative methods. The research subjects were 48 adolescents who were taken based on the non-probability method with purporsive sampling. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire via google form, while the data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression using the SPSS 15.0 program. The results show that: (1) There is an influence between authoritative, authoritarian, permissive parenting and juvenile delinquency. (2) There is no influence between authoritative parenting and juvenile delinquency. (3) There is an influence between authoritarian parenting and juvenile delinquency. (4) There is an influence between permissive parenting and juvenile delinquency. The results in this study Parenting have an effect of 47.8% on juvenile delinquency. Subject categorization on the authoritative variable is in the medium category, the authoritarian variable is in the medium category, the Permissive variable is in the medium category, also the juvenile delinquency variable is in the medium category. This research can be used as a reference that parenting can be used as a way to prevent juvenile delinquency. - The subject of this research is small in scope, so it is hoped that further researchers can increase the number of subjects and expand the area of taking research respondents.

The Phenotypic, Psychological, and Social Interplays of Skin Color and Developmental Outcomes among Mexican-origin Adolescents: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence.

Mexican-origin children from immigrant families are impacted by various systemic oppressions in life. The study seeks to examine how adolescents' developmental outcomes are associated with specific phenotypic, psychological, and social features of skin color, as manifested by skin tone, skin color satisfaction, and foreigner stress. By taking a holistic approach, we examine both positive and negative adjustment outcomes, including delinquency, resilience, and effortful control. Participants were 604 Mexican-origin adolescents aged between 11.08 and 15.29 (Mage = 12.91, SD = 0.92) with at least one immigrant parent. The findings highlight the harm of foreigner stress and the benefit of skin color satisfaction in Mexican-origin adolescents' development of delinquency, resilience, and effortful control, especially for those with a darker skin color.

School Mediation as a Means of Preventing Social Maladjustment of Students from Risk Groups

This research study examines issues related to the prevention of social maladjustment of students from risk groups through the use of school mediation. The relevance of the stated research topic is due to the significant scale of the spread of juvenile delinquency in modern Ukrainian society and the growing popularity of school mediation to resolve and prevent emerging social problems at the school stage. This research study aims to identify and state the main aspects in the impact of the practice of school mediation on the factors that are fundamental in the social adaptation of students from the risk group in the modern realities of Ukrainian society. The leading approach in this scientific research is a combination of analytical and logical methods of researching the issues presented as the main ones in this work. The main results of this research study were: identifying the degree of the positive impact of mediation practice at school on the students’ consciousness in the context of the need for their subsequent social adaptation and stating the fact that this practice is promising in the future to resolve issues of social fitness specifically for students from risk groups in modern social conditions. The applied value of this research work is identifying the prospects for further research of a complex of factors affecting the social situation in Ukraine in the context of the subsequent spread in a society of groups that pose a social danger, and the possibilities of school mediation as a means of preventing the development of such a phenomenon already in the early stages. Subsequent scientific research on the role of school mediation in the context of preventing the development of juvenile delinquency and assessing its effectiveness in preventing the social spread of students at risk will help supplement the existing information picture of research in this area and will become the starting point for an objective analysis of the need to use school mediation as means of preventing the spread of juvenile delinquency in Ukraine.

Facial emotion recognition and the development of delinquency: the mediating role of social bonds and self-control

ABSTRACT Although facial emotion recognition has been identified as a potential factor influencing life-course-persistent delinquency, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored two key variables—social bonds and self-control—as parallel mediators in the relationship between facial emotion recognition and general delinquency. An integrated design was employed using the models of social selection and social causation in criminology and the theory of attachment and conceptually parallel theories and research in psychology. The data came from a three-wave nationally representative longitudinal study of 1,423 children and adolescents carried out in the U.S. As expected, faces expressing anger and happiness were associated with general delinquency over 5 years, and both social bonds and self-control significantly mediated the associations. The accurate recognition of anger cues increased engagement in delinquent behavior by lowering both social bonds and self-control levels. In turn, the increased recognition of happy cues reduced delinquent behavior by enhancing both social bonds and self-control levels. Findings underscore the importance of identifying mediating pathways between facial emotion recognition and delinquency and suggest that these pathways are a potential target for behavioral intervention.

The Influence of Parenting Style on Male Juvenile Delinquency: A Case of Kamiti Youth Correction and Training Center (KYCTC), Kiambu County, Kenya

The rising cases of delinquency among male teenagers is a feedback of sorts that the family system that is the nurturing context of children has failed to effectively protect the teenagers against negative influences. The scenario, has brought the nurturing role of parents into sharp focus. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the parenting styles on male juvenile delinquency at the Kamiti Youth Correction and Training Center (KYCTC), which is within Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Baumrind’s parenting styles theory which categorizes parenting styles on the basis of responsiveness and demandingness in the parenting role. The study used purposive sampling method and simple random technique to select a sample of 68 males aged between 15 and 18 years from a target population of 120 delinquents at the KYCTC. The study used the ex post facto design. In this design data was collected through interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative data collected through questionnaires was analyzed through descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 25.0 and qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that authoritarian parenting style (42%) and permissive parenting style (29.4%) posed the greatest danger to the development of juvenile delinquency. On the other hand, authoritative parenting style (8.8%) posed the least danger to the development of juvenile delinquency. Presentation of data was done through tables, graphs and thematic descriptions of respondent’s statements. The findings point to the critical role the parenting style plays in the development or prevention of juvenile delinquency. Strengthening of the parenting role, coordination with other key influencers including teachers, Government Departments such as the Children’s Department and the Correctional Services, Rehabilitation Centers run by religious organizations and government rehabilitation programs such as KYCTC, can make a difference if each plays their critical role.

Development of juvenile delinquency — causes and conditions

In the last few decades, juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Bulgaria has begun to acquire new and specific characteristics. Inexplicable cases of violence are all too common in schools, families and public places. The article analyzes a small part of the theories of juvenile delinquency that exist in the global aspect, which are based on the understanding that criminal acts are determined by mental and behavioral processes at the individual level. According to the theory of rational choice, minors are motivated offenders who subordinate their behavior to a certain goal. Another group of views is defined as theories of biological and psychological traits. Antisocial manifestations are not so much due to the course of certain motivational processes in an individual’s mental state, but primarily to the formation of individual patterns of behavior. The article aims to assist Bulgarian criminal law and criminology in clarifying the current circumstances in which juvenile delinquency develops, and the conclusion is that they do not differ significantly from those in the global context. The different perspectives on juvenile delinquency and the interdisciplinary nature of the problems are presented as objectively as possible. Such an approach can lead to a rethinking of the mechanisms and measures that should be applied to achieve the educational purpose of punishment. The analysis presented in the article also supports the introduction of alternative measures to punishment, as well as the achievement of better results in terms of resocialization of juvenile offenders.

FAMILY FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG PUPILS IN KABETE REHABILITATION SCHOOL IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the family factors influencing the development of juvenile delinquency among pupils in Kabete Rehabilitation School in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study has been necessitated by continued concern among policymakers, practitioners, citizens, and researchers about the rising cases of juvenile delinquency in Nairobi County. Although there had been speculations that family factors sit at the core of the trigger factors, there has never been a detailed and systematic inquiry and analysis of this problem. The study was guided by several specific objectives; the first objective examined the range of family factors that influenced the development of juvenile delinquency among pupils in Kabete Rehabilitation School in Nairobi County, Kenya while the second objective examined how family types influenced the development of juvenile delinquency among pupils in Kabete Rehabilitation School in Nairobi County, Kenya. Last but not least, the study assessed the multiplier effects of juvenile delinquency among pupils in Kabete Rehabilitation School in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative case study research design and purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of 30 parents, 24 pupils, 4 teachers and 2 administrators was adopted. The collected data was analyzed thematically and presented in verbatim quotes. The study revealed a relationship between family factors, family types and development of delinquency among juveniles. Family attachment and family conflict are risk factors for delinquency. Further, this study established that not all children follow the same road to delinquency; different life-experience combinations will produce different delinquent activity. For instance, positive parenting behaviours in the early years and later in adolescence tend to serve as barriers mitigating juvenile activity and encouraging teenagers who are already involved in criminal conduct to refrain from more crime. In matters policy, this study recommends interventions with the help of other social institutions such as religion and others that have a direct bearing on children growth and development like the government children departments to deeply engage in altering parenting practices aiming to promote better socialization of the child and also reduce engagement in negative outcomes such as delinquency. The government may consider starting up free family counseling clinics and rehabilitation centers to address or counter any social and behavioural defects that result from inadequate parenting such as delinquency.

Swedish Adolescent Female Offenders with Limited Delinquency: Exploring Family-Related Narratives from a Developmental Perspective

Family factors are central both for adolescent development in general and for the development of delinquency. For female delinquency they appear to be particularly important. The aim of this study was to explore family-related statements in adolescent females’ delinquency narratives from a developmental perspective. Interviews with nine female adolescent offenders were analysed using consensual qualitative research (CQR). The main findings consisted of five themes concerning the family in relation to the participants’ delinquency. In the delinquency narratives, families were described as being involved in the entire process of delinquency. Urges both for proximity and distance in family relations were expressed in the narratives. Delinquency was also found to be related to transactions between participants and their families. Our findings indicate that the developmental perspective on family factors for females with limited delinquency is a meaningful way to further investigate this group of offenders. Furthermore, this perspective could in the long-term also potentially contribute to the design of adequate community-based measures for this yet under-researched group of young offenders.

The development of delinquency during adolescence: a comparison of missing data techniques revisited

Conclusions about the individual development of delinquent behaviours during the life-course are often made by repeatedly interviewing the same respondents (i.e. panel data). Missing data, especially unit nonresponse and panel attrition are often a problem for the analysis of panel data, as they pose a threat to the validity of statistical inferences. Multiple imputation (MI) is a standard state-of-the-art technique to address these problems. However, until very recently, MI methods to impute highly skewed, zero-inflated and repeatedly measured count data such as the count of delinquent behaviours per year, were not available. Solutions that were often applied included data transformations and rounding, so that available MI methods, usually based on the multivariate normal model, could be applied. This approach has also been used by Reinecke and Weins (Qual Quant 47(6):3319–3334, 2013), who analysed delinquency data from an adolescents’ four-wave panel. Recent missing data research, however, suggests that these “normalizing” practices could be problematic and that imputation models with implausible distributional assumptions should generally be avoided when the empirical data depart too heavily from these assumptions. In the present paper, we re-analyse the data from Reinecke and Weins (2013) using MI models, where parametric assumptions of the imputation model are compatible to the subsequent analysis model (a growth curve model for zero-inflated count data). Results show that the chance of reporting zero punishable offences decreases over time, with a turning point at around the age of 15. Likewise, the versatility of delinquent behaviours increases early on in adolescence, and decreases later (reflecting the typical age-crime curve). Boys and students from the bottom-level branch of the German educational system exhibit a higher versatility in delinquent activity. A comparison of present results with the original ones from Reinecke and Weins (2013) corroborates recommendations e.g. by Yu et al. (Stat Methods Med Res 16(3):243–258, 2007) to opt for missing data methods with fitting distributional assumptions.

EXPLORING PARENTAL RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELINQUENCY AMONG CHILDREN

Purpose of the study: To explore and analyze the influence of various parental risk factors contributing to the development of delinquency in children. Methodology: A total of hundred and sixteen juvenile delinquents (100 boys and 16 girls) in the age range of 11- 18 years, residing in the four Government-run Observation and Special Homes (O&SHs) of Odisha. Descriptive statistics (i.e., percent) and qualitative method (i.e. narrative) have been used to analyze the data. Main Findings: Absence of proper parental guidance and supervision is found to be the major cause of delinquency in children. Parental rejection and deprivation i.e. mother’s love and emotional support is the major cause of delinquency in girls. Lack of parental involvement and less quality time spent by parents with boys are the main reasons behind their delinquency. Applications of this study: The results of this study imply the need to conduct further research about parenting behavior and their attitude towards their children from a gender-based perspective. It also implies the need for a greater number of studies to be carried out on Indian parents and their attitude and behavior towards their children in general and based on the child’s gender in particular. Novelty/Originality of this study: The present study tries to address one of the many gaps existing in the literature regarding the matter of parenting style adopted by parents leading to delinquency in children. It further shows the difference in parental attitude and behavior towards their son’s and daughter’s leading to delinquency.