Anthracnose Development Research Articles

당귀로부터 분리한 decursinol angelate의 밀 붉은녹병에 대한 항균활성

녹병은 다양한 작물의 품질과 수확량에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 따라서 이들을 방제하기 위하여 효과적이고 환경친화적인 살균제의 개발이 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 한약재로부터 항균 물질을 탐색하는 과정에서, 당귀 메탄올 추출물이 Puccinia recondita에 의해 발생하는 밀 붉은녹병에 대하여 우수한 방제효과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 밀 붉은녹병에 대하여 활성을 보이는 한 개의 항균물질을 silica gel chromatography, alumina column chromatography와 <TEX>$C_{18}$</TEX> preparative HPLC를 통해 분리, 정제하였다. 분리한 항균물질은 EI-MS와 <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR의 기기 분석 결과 decursinol angelate로 동정되었다. 이 물질은 시험한 6개의 식물병 중에서 밀 붉은녹병과 고추 탄저병에 대하여 우수한 항균활성을 보였다. 또한, 당귀의 에틸아세테이트 추출물의 수화제도 밀 붉은녹병에 대해 우수한 항균활성이 보였다. 따라서 decursinol angelate와 이를 포함한 당귀 추출물을 이용할 경우 밀 붉은녹병을 방제할 수 있는 새로운 살균제의 개발이 가능하리라 생각된다. 본 논문에서 decursinol angelate에 의한 밀 붉은녹병 방제 효과를 처음 보고하는 바이다. Rust causes significant losses in the yield and quality of various crops. The development of new effective and environmentally benign agents against the pathogen is of great interest. In the course of searching a natural antifungal compound from medicinal plants, we found that the methanol extract of Angelica gigas roots had a potent control efficacy against wheat leaf rust (WLR) caused by Puccinia recondita. The antifungal substance was isolated from the methanol extract by silica gel column chromatography, alumina column chromatography and <TEX>$C_{18}$</TEX> preparative HPLC. It was identified as decursinol angelate by EI-MS and <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR data. In in vivo test, decursinol angelate effectively suppressed the development of WLR and red pepper anthracnose (RPA) among the 6 plant diseases tested. In addition, the wettable powder-type formulation of ethyl acetate extract of A. gigas roots significantly suppressed the development of WLR. The crude extract containing decursinol angelate and the chemical appear to be a potential candidate for control of WLR. In addition, this is the first report on the in vivo antifungal activity of decursinol angelate against WLR as well as RPA.

Agronomic and economic assessment of intensive pest management of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Two common production constraints of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Ontario are annual weeds and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). Dry bean is not considered a competitive crop and weed interference can result in substantial yield losses, while anthracnose is considered one of the most devastating diseases in dry bean production. A study conducted in Ontario Canada, examined the effect of two herbicide programs on weed management, thiamethoxam insecticide treatment on plant enhancement and three fungicide programs on anthracnose development in a navy bean cv. ‘OAC Rex’. The premium herbicide program (s-metolachlor+imazethapyr) reduced percent weed ground cover relative to the economic herbicide program (trifluralin) in five of six locations. Thiamethoxam increased emergence and vigour at only one location, which contradicts reported benefits of thiamethoxam on plant health. The herbicide or thiamethoxam treatments did not affect anthracnose disease severity, visible seed quality, net yield or economic return. The fungicide seed treatment was often superior to the untreated control, for a number of the parameters measured. The application date of the foliar fungicide, relative to the onset of disease, varied between site-years. This dramatically influenced the fungicide’s effectiveness. Foliar fungicides increased seed quality and net economic return compared to the control when applied prior to disease development. The combination of fungicide seed treatment followed by a foliar fungicide provided the largest reduction in anthracnose severity.

Effect of Host Genotypes and Weather Variables on the Severity and Temporal Dynamics of Sorghum Anthracnose in Ethiopia

The severity and temporal dynamics of anthracnose on susceptible (BTx623 and AL70) and resistant lines (2001 PWColl No. 022 and 2001 HararghieColl No. 12) were studied in field plots during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons in southern Ethiopia. The initial, final and mean anthracnose severities and area under disease progress curves were used as criteria to evaluate the response of the genotypes. Over the two years, the initial, final and mean anthracnose severities ranged from 0.88 to 16.13%, 7.56 to 78.38% and 3.57 to 46%, respectively, while area under disease progress curve averaged for the two years ranged from 221.31 to 2951.88. All the evaluation criteria showed highly significant variations (p<0.0001) among the genotypes and the Ethiopian genotype 2001 PWColl No. 022 consistently had the lowest disease levels regardless of the evaluation criteria and growing season. The disease appeared rather late and progressed slowly on this genotype. On the other hand, the exotic cultivar, BTx623, showed the most sever anthracnose infection. Initial anthracnose severity was significantly higher and the disease developed rapidly on BTx623 than on the other three genotypes. The other two genotypes showed intermediate response and progression of the disease. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a significantly strong association between rainfall and anthracnose severity but temperature appeared to have little/no impact on the development of anthracnose in the field. The present study confirmed the effect of both host genotypes and weather, particularly rain on anthracnose development. The Ethiopian sorghum genotype 2001 PWColl No. 022 was recommended as stable source of resistance against this important disease.

Biology of Colletotrichum horii, the causal agent of persimmon anthracnose

Colletotrichum horii causes serious anthracnose on persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Wuheshi). The taxon was previously identified as C. gloeosporioides and only recently revealed to be C. horii based on molecular data and comparisons to type specimens. This fungus provides an important new model for examining plant–fungus interactions in the perennial persimmon crop. In this paper, we review available information on C. horii, with special focus on symptoms, morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, host-specificity and pathogenicity testing, infection processes, and the effects of environment factors on anthracnose development, including a discussion on future prospects.

Sour cherry anthracnose and possibilities of the control with special regard to resident Glomerella population in sour cherry plantations of East Hungary

Anthracnose is considered one of the most destructive diseases for sour cherry production due to the rapid development of the disease on fruits. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. &amp; H. Schrenk (anam.: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. &amp; Sacc. in Penz.) has been the fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose in last decades. Yield losses greater than 90% may occur under epidemic conditions. C. acutatum (J.H. Simmonds, 1968) strains were isolated of sourcherry plantations in East Hungary and this pathogen, new for Hungarian microbiont became recently dominant. Contrarily to the former species it is certainly transmitted with ants during fruit ripening. About third of strains proved to be cutinase producers that enable them to actively penetrate via cuticule, and these strains infect directly berries of blackberry, grape and tomato as well as plum and apple. Most of cutinase negative strains could also infect these fruits after mechanic injury. All strains of both species produce amylase, cellulase, lecithinase, lipase, polyfenoloxydase and protease in vitro, although the activity of these enzymes highly varied in the medium. The only C. acutatum strains produced noticeable amount of chitinase. Strains, tolerant to recently applied fungicides to control the anthracnose, could be isolated of sour cherry plantations that might be the cause of ineffectiveness of control measures in 2010. The mycofungicide containing mixture of three Trichoderma species in oil carrier could efficiently depress the development of anthracnose in ripening sour cherry.

Annual development of mulberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum dematium in relation to position of leaves in tree

Annual development of mulberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum dematium in relation to position of leaves in tree

Development of Anthracnose on Grain Sorghum Hybrids Inoculated with Recently Described Pathotypes of Colletotrichum sublineolum Found in Arkansas.

Sorghum anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, is found in most grain-sorghum-producing areas, including Arkansas. Yield losses can be severe in susceptible sorghum hybrids, suggesting that host resistance will continue to be critical for maintaining high yields. However, genetic control is often unsuccessful because of haplotype and pathotype variability within the C. sublineolum population. The objective of this research was to assess the levels of resistance of selected grain sorghum hybrids to isolates of the recently described pathotypes of C. sublineolum found in Arkansas. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the reaction of 10 sorghum hybrids to eight C. sublineolum pathotypes by collecting anthracnose severity ratings at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation. Based on these disease severity ratings, the area under the disease progress curve was calculated for each pathotype by hybrid interaction. These data showed that different levels of resistance are available in the current grain sorghum hybrids to different pathotypes. Cargill 888Y was resistant to all pathotypes in both years. However, Asgrow A571, DEKALB DKS53-11, FFR 318, and Pioneer 84G62 were moderately susceptible to susceptible to all pathotypes tested in both years. Pathotype 9 caused the most disease on 7 of the 10 hybrids evaluated in 2005 but, in 2006, pathotypes 12 and 13 surpassed pathotype 9 for disease severity on 9 of the 10 hybrids. More work is needed to assess host resistance and the effect of sorghum anthracnose on yield parameters of grain sorghum hybrids planted in Arkansas.

Anthracnose Development on Annual Bluegrass Affected by Seedhead and Vegetative Growth Regulators

Anthracnose Development on Annual Bluegrass Affected by Seedhead and Vegetative Growth Regulators

Induction of Disease Resistance in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by Plant Activators

About 75% of the tea fields in Japan grow cv. ‘Yabukita,’ which is susceptible to many diseases such as anthracnose and gray blight. Therefore, broad range effective and long-lasting disease control methods are required. Plant activators (PAs) are compounds that induce disease resistance in plants. In the present study, we used AGREVO EX (a yeast extract preparation), probenazole, prohydrojasmon, and tiadinil as PAs and estimated their disease resistance-inducing activity on tea plants by wound-inoculation assays and field trials. An aqueous solution of each PA was sprayed on field-grown ‘Yabukita’. PA-treated leaves were harvested and assayed for disease resistance-inducing activity. Lesion development of gray blight and anthracnose in PA-treated leaves was suppressed by each PA, and the induced resistance continued for at least 30 days after PA treatment. All the tested PAs induced disease resistance in tea plants systemically. In field trials, PAs were effective to the diseases of anthracnose and gray blight with control efficacies from 50.1 to 50.8 and 63.7 to 69.8 respectively. The growth and chemical composition of tea shoots were not changed by PA treatment. Based on these experiments, induced resistance by PAs is useful for the development of new disease control methods for tea production.

Colonization of Morus alba L. by the plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic bacterium Burkholderia cepacia strain Lu10-1

BackgroundAnthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum dematium, is a serious threat to the production and quality of mulberry leaves in susceptible varieties. Control of the disease has been a major problem in mulberry cultivation. Some strains of Burkholderia cepacia were reported to be useful antagonists of plant pests and could increase the yields of several crop plants. Although B. cepacia Lu10-1 is an endophytic bacterium obtained from mulberry leaves, it has not been deployed to control C. dematium infection in mulberry nor its colonization patterns in mulberry have been studied using GFP reporter or other reporters. The present study sought to evaluate the antifungal and plant-growth-promoting properties of strain Lu10-1, to clarify its specific localization within a mulberry plant, and to better understand its potential as a biocontrol and growth-promoting agent.ResultsLu10-1 inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. dematium in vitro; when applied on leaves or to the soil, Lu10-1 also inhibited the development of anthracnose in a greenhouse, but the effectiveness varied with the length of the interval between the strain treatment and inoculation with the pathogen. Strain Lu10-1 could survive in both sterile and non-sterile soils for more than 60 days. The strain produced auxins, contributed to P solubilization and nitrogenase activity, and significantly promoted the growth of mulberry seedlings. The bacteria infected mulberry seedlings through cracks formed at junctions of lateral roots with the main root and in the zone of differentiation and elongation, and the cells were able to multiply and spread, mainly to the intercellular spaces of different tissues. The growth in all the tissues was around 1-5 × 105 CFU per gram of fresh plant tissue.ConclusionsBurkholderia cepacia strain Lu10-1 is an endophyte that can multiply and spread in mulberry seedlings rapidly and efficiently. The strain is antagonistic to C. dematium and acts as an efficient plant-growth-promoting agent on mulberry seedlings and is therefore a promising candidate as a biocontrol and growth-promoting agent.

Seedborne infection affects anthracnose development in two dry bean cultivars

Anthracnose, caused by the seedborne pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a serious disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that can severely reduce seed yield and quality. A 2 year field study examined how seedborne infection (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) affected seedling emergence, seedling infection, the buildup of anthracnose in the crop canopy, yield, seed mass, and seed discolouration in ‘Navigator’ navy bean and ‘AC Ole’ pinto bean. The incidence of seedling infection was significantly higher in ‘AC Ole’ than it was in ‘Navigator’ resulting in an early establishment of the disease on the pinto bean cultivar. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in anthracnose severity within the crop canopy and on the pods with higher rates of seedborne infection in both cultivars. Increases in seedborne infection rates also resulted in a significant decline (P < 0.01) in yield and seed mass. Comparisons of the 0% and the 20% seedborne treatments indicated that severe anthracnose development resulted in yield losses of 27% in ‘Navigator’ and 20% in ‘AC Ole’. These losses are comparable with the extent of yield reductions reported in a previous fungicidal study on anthracnose control in Manitoba. Key words: anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, dry beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, seed transmission. L’anthracnose, causée l’agent pathogène séminicole Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, est une maladie importante des haricots secs qui peut sérieusement en réduire les rendements et la qualité. Une étude sur le terrain, qui s’est échelonnée sur deux ans, a permis d’examiner comment l’infection séminicole (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 5 %, 10 % et 20 %) influençait l’émergence et l’infection des semis, la prolifération de l’anthracnose sur le feuillage des plants ainsi que le rendement, le poids et la décoloration des semences chez le cultivar de petit haricot blanc ‘Navigator’ et chez celui de haricot pinto ‘AC Ole’. L’incidence de l’infection des semis chez le cultivar ‘AC Ole’ était significativement plus élevée que chez ‘Navigator’, ce qui provoquait la survenue hâtive de la maladie chez le haricot pinto. Il y avait une augmentation linéaire (P < 0,01) quant à la gravité de l’anthracnose sur le feuillage ainsi que sur les cosses affichant des taux plus élevés d’infection séminicole, et ce, chez les deux cultivars. Des augmentations des taux d’infection séminicole entraînent également une baisse significative (P < 0,01) des rendements et du poids des semences. Des comparaisons des traitements séminicoles (0 % et 20 %) ont indiqué que la prolifération massive de l’anthracnose provoquait des baisses de rendement de 27 % chez ‘Navigator’ et de 20 % chez ‘AC Ole’. Ces baisses sont comparables à celles rapportées dans une étude précédente effectuée sur les fongicides et ayant pour but la lutte contre l’anthracnose au Manitoba. Mots-clés : anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, haricots secs, Phaseolus vulgaris, transmission par semence.

Greenhouse and Field Evaluation of the Natural Saponin CAY-1 for Control of Several Strawberry Diseases

The steroidal saponin from cayenne pepper, CAY-1, was tested as a potential fungicide in detached-leaf assays and field trials. Efficacy of CAY-1 against strawberry anthracnose was compared to the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin. Both fungicides prevented anthracnose leaf lesions when applied to the host 24 hours prior to inoculation with Colletotrichum fragariae, but neither prevented lesion development when applied 24 hours after inoculation. CAY-1 reduced the growth of several fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached-leaf assays, but it did not control foliar or fruit-rot diseases of strawberry in field trials.

EVALUATION OF CAY-1, AN EXPERIMENTAL, NATURAL FUNGICIDE, FOR CONTROL OF STRAWBERRY PATHOGENS

CAY-1 is an experimental, natural product being tested as a potential fungicide. This saponin isolated from Capsicum frutescens interacts with membrane sterols causing leakage of cell components and ultimately cell death in a variety of fungi. CAY-1 and the commercial fungicide captan were tested in an in vitro dose-response dilution-broth assay. They caused at least 85% growth inhibition of the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides when tested at 3.0 μM. Even though CAY-1 strongly reduced the growth of these fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached leaf assays, it did not control foliar or fruit rot diseases of strawberry in field trials.

Temporal and Spatial Development of Sorghum Anthracnose in Arkansas

Development of sorghum anthracnose in time and space on susceptible ('BTx623' and 'Pioneer 8313') and resistant ('Cargill 888Y') sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars was investigated in field plots inoculated with a mixture of three strains (T430-SW, Ar54-SW, and ArSS-1SW) of Colletotrichum sublineolum in 2001 and 2002. After slow development during early growth stages, sorghum anthracnose developed rapidly after flowering. The logistic model provided a good statistical fit for disease progress curves for sorghum anthracnose in Arkansas. Compared to susceptible cultivars, the resistant cultivar had significantly lower values for the standard area under the disease progress curve, a lower upper asymptote, and delayed epidemic onset. However, there were no significant differences in infection rate and the time of the inflection points, the times at which the disease proportion equaled values of one-half of upper asymptotes, among the three cultivars. The negative exponential model more closely described disease gradients of sorghum anthracnose than the inverse power law model. There were significant differences in intercepts but not in slopes and half-distance between the resistant and susceptible cultivars. The slopes of disease gradients were significantly lower at 78 days after inoculation (DAI) than at 57 DAI on the three cultivars. The results could provide epidemiological components of sorghum anthracnose to help evaluate sorghum cultivars and breeding lines under field conditions.

ABA Increases Susceptibility of Pepper Fruits to Infection of Anthracnose by Collectotrichum acutatum

To examine the relationship between plant hormones and the development of pepper anthracnose, we investigated the effects of several plant hormones on the progression of disease symptoms. Of the five plant hormones examined, abscisic acid (ABA) increased the lesion length and disease incidence on detached fruits of Capsicum annuum cv. Nokkwang. The simultaneous application of ABA with inoculation of Colletotrichum acutatum JC24 resulted in increased lesion length, depending the concentration of ABA applied. Additionally, application of ABA caused the development of pepper anthracnose in fruits of Capsicum baccatum cvs. PBC80 and PBC81, which were previously resistant to the disease. Furthermore, ABA administration rendered increased pathogenicity of other isolates of C. acutatum BAC02063, PECH10, and TCBNU3 obtained from the Chinese matrimony vine, peach, and tea tree, respectively. Our data suggest that exogenous ABA may result in the suppression of defense mechanisms of pepper fruits against anthracnose, which leads to a change in the susceptibility of pepper fruits and the development of pepper anthracnose.

Effect of temperature on growth ofColletotrichum lupiniand on anthracnose infection and resistance in lupins

The impact of temperature was assessed on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum lupini on agar and on anthracnose expression in lupin cultivars with varying degrees of resistance. Growth rate of C. lupini was determined at temperatures from 5 to 3°C. Fungal growth was observed at temperatures from 10 to 30°C with maximum growth rate occurring at 25°C. In growth cabinet experiments, the impact of temperatures ranging from 10 to 26°C was observed on anthracnose development in the Lupinus angustifolius cultivars Myallie (susceptible), Merrit (moderately susceptible) and Wonga (resistant) and the L. albus cultivar Kiev Mutant (extremely susceptible). At 10°C, disease incidence was very low (0–12%) in all cultivars, reflecting the slow in vitro growth of the fungus at this temperature. Increasing temperature from 12 to 26°C reduced the latent period by more than 50% and increased disease incidence, sporulation incidence and lesion severity. Latent period response to temperature was independent of cultivar resistance. However, cultivar×temperature interactionswere evident for disease incidence, sporulation incidence and lesion severity responses. Anthracnose resistance in cv.Wonga was temperature sensitive. At 12 and 18°C, disease incidence and severity inWonga were significantly lower than other L. angustifolius cultivars tested but at 26°C disease incidence and severity were similar to other cultivars.

Antifungal activity of salaceyin A against Colletotrichum orbiculare and Phytophthora capsici

The antifungal activities of novel salicylic acid derivatives, salaceyin A, 6-(9-methyldecyl) salicylic acid, and salaceyin B, 6-(9-methylundecyl) salicylic acid were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi. Salaceyin A showed antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Phytophthora capsici at 64 microg ml(-1) while salaceyin B was less effective. In vitro antifungal activities of the compounds were influenced by the experimental pH value of the MIC test medium wherein their antifungal activities were enhanced by increasingly acidic conditions. Salaceyin A showed potent in vivo control efficacy against Phytophthora blight in pepper plants. The disease was effectively suppressed at 500 microg ml(-1), which was comparable to the commercial fungicide, metalaxyl. Salaceyin A suppressed anthracnose development on cucumber leaves in a concentration dependent manner. The control efficacy of salaceyin A against C. orbiculare infection was similar to chlorothalonil when applied prior to pathogen inoculation. Since the salaceyins are derivatives of salicylic acid, a known important signal molecule critical to plant defenses against pathogen invasion, we investigated the possibility that exogenous application of the salaceyin A would activate a systemic acquired resistance against P. capsici infection and C. orbiculare development on pepper and cucumber plants respectively. The addition of 500 microg ml(-1) of salaceyin A to the plant root systems did not significantly decrease disease development in the hosts. We are led to conclude that the disease control efficacy of salaceyin A against the Phytophthora blight and anthracnose diseases, mainly originates from the direct interaction of the agent with the pathogens.

Survival and transmission of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from naturally infected common bean seeds to the seedlings

AbstractSurveys were made of major seed‐borne fungi associated with seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in different bean‐growing areas of Ethiopia. Field and laboratory experiments were also carried out during the 2003 and 2004 crop seasons to study the survival and transmission of bean anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum to the seedlings. The major seed‐borne fungi associated with common bean seeds were Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Phaeoisariopsis griseola and Ascochyta phaseolorum. Bean anthracnose survived in infected seeds but not in the soil, and the primary source of bean anthracnose infection in the field was from infected seeds. Seed infection of common beans by bean anthracnose resulted in both pre‐emergence and post‐emergence mortality of bean seedlings. A significant positive relationship was found between the levels of primary seed infection and seedling infection in the field. Further development of bean anthracnose in the field was influenced by weather variables (rainfall, number of rainy days, humidity and temperature). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd

Severity of anthracnose and virus diseases of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) in Nigeria I: Effects of yam genotype and date of planting

Anthracnose and virus diseases exert devastating impacts on yam production in many tropical regions of the world where the crop contributes to food security and income generation. The complexities in their epidemiology necessitate the use of integrated approaches in their management. Six genotypes of Dioscorea alata, planted on six dates (March–August) in each of 1998 and 1999 in Ibadan, Nigeria, were evaluated to determine the effects of planting date and genotype on severity of the two diseases. The date of planting had a profound influence on anthracnose severity, contributing 72% of the observed variation due to combined effects of planting date, genotype and their interactions. In contrast, the genotype effect was most dominant with respect to virus severity, accounting for 85% of the total observed variation. Planting in August supported least anthracnose development while April and May plantings resulted in the least severity of virus diseases. While selection of planting time could be used to manage anthracnose disease, its application could be influenced by the prevailing weather conditions in a particular location. Two of the genotypes (TDa 291 and TDa 297) had low severity values for both diseases across the different planting dates. Availability of such sources of multiple disease resistance and appropriate choice of planting date would be very useful in integrated management of the two major yam diseases.

Relationship between physiological age, ripening and susceptibility of banana to wound anthracnose

Wound anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae is the main disease affecting the quality of export banana from the West Indies. Mountain-grown banana fruits are less affected by the disease than those grown in lowland areas. Little is known about the effects of fruit growth on the development of wound anthracnose. The results of our experiments revealed that as the physiological age increased, banana became more sensitive to C. musae. However, at the same physiological age, lowland banana were more susceptible than those grown in mountain banana plantations. Banana fruits that were the most susceptible to C. musae ripened the fastest as a result of rot development. Noted differences in wound anthracnose occurrence in lowland- and mountain-grown banana are discussed.