Development Bank Research Articles

Financial structure, development of small and medium banks, enterprise exports

The development of small and medium-sized banks has a profound impact on enterprise export trade. This study Based on a sample of 645 listed enterprises in China, to study the relationship between small and medium-sized banks and the export level of enterprises. Against the backdrop of the continuous development and growth of small and medium-sized banks, new ideas have been provided for seeking ways for Chinese enterprises to expand financing channels and improve export levels. The research results indicate that the development of small and medium-sized banks has significantly improved the export tendency and scale of enterprises. The heterogeneity test results show that the export expansion effect of the development of small and medium-sized banks is more significant for private enterprises, eastern enterprises, non-agricultural enterprises, and enterprises with high dependence on external financing. Based on these empirical research results and the actual situation in China, this article proposes policy recommendations such as building a long-term mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized banks, expanding their financial service coverage, and enhancing their financial service capabilities.

State Institutions and Development in South Africa: The Case of Two State-Owned Enterprises

The debate on state institutions in the economic development of developing countries has been ongoing for the past three decades. In the 1980s, the debate was dominated by the importance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and transitioned to the privatisation of SOEs in the early1990s. The debate re-emerged in 2010 due to the increasing influence of Chinese SOEs in the global economy. While the corporatisation of SOEs led to financial results being the core measure of good governance and performance, balancing financial performance with societal socio-economic impact is necessary for developing nations as SOEs are established to stimulate social and economic development. This article uses secondary data to explore the social and economic impact of two South African SOEs—the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) and the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA)—to contribute to the ongoing debate on the importance of state institutions on the development of developing countries. The article demonstrates the criticalness of the IDC in stimulating the country’s industrial development capacity and structural transformation, whereas the DBSA provides infrastructure investment to enable structural transformation through an enabling development ecosystem. While contributing to the merits of the state and development, failures and areas of interventions are also discussed.

Edukasi Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Cipondoh, Kota Tangerang

Globally, pregnant women are the population group most vulnerable to anemia. In 2019, the prevalence of pregnant women with anemia worldwide reached 37%. Word Bank Development Data, shows that Indonesia is one of the countries that has experienced an increase in the prevalence of pregnant women with anemia every year since 2010 by 40% to 44% in 2019. This condition of the high prevalence of anemia in pregnant women requires special attention from various parties, because iron anemia in pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death due to postpartum hemorrhage. The aim of this community service activity is to increase knowledge about preventing anemia in pregnant women at the Cipondoh Community Health Center. The activity was carried out on Thursday 14 March 2024, at the Cipondoh Community Health Center, Tangerang City, which was attended by 15 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. The method used was counseling and questions and answers using flip-sheet leaflets about anemia in pregnancy. After the counseling is carried out, participants can understand about anemia in pregnant women, its causes, impacts and how to prevent it. Educational activities to prevent anemia for pregnant women need to continue to be carried out to increase knowledge and pay special attention to health problems during pregnancy.

Features of the development of banking

The paper examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of banking. The authors made an attempt to identify a new round of development of financial intermediaries, due to the main trends of digitalization. The relevance of the research topic of the development of banking business directions lies in the transformation of the appearance of financial services and the transition to the digital economy. The formation of digital ecosystems allows banks to expand their customer base, increase the availability and quality of services provided, and reduce costs. Based on the analysis, modern features of the functioning of institutions were identified, difficulties in introducing digital technologies and ways to solve them were identified.

Economic Development And Growth In Indonesia According To Law Sharia Economy

Banking has an important role in the development and support of the country's economy, especially after the enactment of Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking. Islamic economics in Indonesia has now begun to be recognized and approved by the public, given the proliferation of Islamic-based banks making people understand the systems in Islamic economics. The establishment of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in 1975 triggered the establishment of Islamic banks around the world including Indonesia. The birth of Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking is a guarantee for the existence and legal protection of Islamic banking after the last decade of its existence which only regulates one of the principles of profit sharing which does not definitively and comprehensively regulate bank activities based on sharia principles. The method used in this research uses qualitative research methods using interview, observation and documentation techniques. This type of research uses descriptive analysis. The development of Islamic economic law in the future must increasingly refer to the protection of the benefit of the people by using maqashid sharia as a methodology and perspective. To establish economic law that falls within the scope of muamalah fiqh, a comprehensive mastery of ushul fiqh is absolutely necessary, especially to find and determine the legal illat for ongoing economic practices. Failure to determine the illat leads to failure to master the source of the problem. The current Islamic economics only talks a lot about distribution and consumption, such as the distribution of money and capital claimed to be without usury and halal product certification, and does not appear to talk much about production and all aspects related to it, such as ownership of land, resources, capital and by the private sector and conglomerates, including the fulfillment of labor rights, destruction of nature by production activities, and so on. The determination of the illat and maqashid of sharia in the economic field is also expected to pay more attention to the material conditions in which unequal production relations between community groups have resulted in economic colonization and which are very detrimental to society, especially those who are in a weak position in terms of capital, resources and power.

Determinants of Agricultural Projects Implementation Delays: The Case of Agricultural Projects Financed by Development Bank of Ethiopia Nekemte District

Determinants of Agricultural Projects Implementation Delays: The Case of Agricultural Projects Financed by Development Bank of Ethiopia Nekemte District

On the consequences of climate change for the most vulnerable populations in the Central Asian region

The article reveals the problem of the impact of climate change in the Central Asian region on the most vulnerable segments of its population. The analysis identifies factors that negatively affect the level of poverty in the region, which include aging infrastructure and environmentally harmful economic activities in Central Asian countries. Climate change and its accompanying phenomena such as the increased incidence of natural disasters will lead to deterioration of the macroeconomic indicators of the Central Asian republics in the medium and long-term run and will increase in the number of people living below the international and national poverty lines. In this regard, the author proposes to attract the resources of the Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development already present in the region to assist the countries of Central Asia in overcoming the problems caused by climate change and adapting to this phenomenon.

Assessing the load capacity curve hypothesis considering the green energy transition, banking sector expansion, and import price of crude oil in the United States

AbstractThe existing literature consists of various studies that have addressed the interrelationship between banking expansion and carbon emissions but failed to consider supply‐side ecological issues. Keeping this in view, the research aims to assess the impact of green energy transition, banking sector expansion, and import price of crude oil on the “load capacity factor (LCF)” in the United States from 1990 to 2021. The “LCF” has emerged as a novel ecological proxy to date that includes both “biocapacity and ecological footprint.” Using the “bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag” model, the research found that the consumption of renewable energy can enhance the ecological quality of the United States. The results verified the acceptance of the “load capacity curve” hypothesis. Moreover, it demonstrates that banking development promotes environmental quality. Specifically, a 1% improvement in the banking industry leads to a 0.93% increase in the LCF in the short term, as well as a 1.28% increase in the long run. Furthermore, the increase in crude oil import prices has a positive impact on the LCF and eventually promotes environmental sustainability. To be precise, a 1% rise in the price of imported crude oil results in a 0.35% increase in the long‐term LCF level. These results were backed by the findings of several robustness tests. The study, lastly, recommends that the banking sector and government policymakers should use banking growth in promoting green energy to attain their target of zero carbon emissions by 2050.

Strategy to Increase Market Share Current Account Saving Account (CASA) Through Optimizing the Development of Electronic Banking in Indonesia

The basis of this research is motivated by the phenomenon that occurs where banking services in Indonesia have still known for a very long time and require a struggle to make a transaction. A network that is often problematic, strict regulations and the length of the account creation process are some examples of problems related to banking services in Indonesia. This study aims to find out how the development of electronic banking at Bank BJB, the Market Share Current Account Savings Account at Bank BJB, what obstacles are faced in the development of electronic banking at Bank BJB, and what strategies are carried out to increase CASA market share through the optimization of electronic banking development. The research method used is qualitative by interviewing resource persons from within the company, policymakers, and practitioners in the banking sector. The results obtained show that Bank BJB has carried out digital service transformation specifically in 2021. The company has made several developments in terms of core banking, switching, and networking. CASA's market share has not reached the expected target. Several strategies to increase Bank BJB's CASA market share through electronic banking optimization include the development of a user-friendly Mobile application. Focus on developing an intuitive and easy-to-use mobile app.

Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in Mobile Banking: a PLS Analysis of DG Bankaltimtara Application Users

This study was conducted with the aim to determine and analyze the effect of using DG Bankaltimtara mobile banking application on Customer Satisfaction of PT East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan Regional Development Bank Balikpapan Branch Office. The population in this research is 15,960 customers who use DG Bankaltimtara. Researchers took a sample based on the Slovin formula of 390 respondents. The type of data used is primary data sourced from questionnaires presented in the form of a Likert scale. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis methods with the help of the Partial Least Square (PLS) application with the SmartPLS version 3.0 program. The results of this study were obtained using the PLS Evaluation Model to show the effect of using the DG Bankaltimtara Mobile Banking Application on Customer Satisfaction. Ease of Service Users, Credibility of Banking Service Companies, and Transaction Speed are three variables that affect Customer Satisfaction in using Mobile Banking DG Bankaltimtara. However, the System Security variable has no effect on Customer Satisfaction in using Mobile Banking DG Bankaltimtara.

Tactics for Creating Tree Bank for Community Environment and Household Economy in Thailand

This article aimed to present strategies for creating a tree bank. Activities in tree bank plots for sustainable community environmental management and raising the household economy according to the new economic model were studied. The research area is a community that has successfully managed a tree bank and has been praised as a model in 3 regions, including 3 locations: Ban Tham Suea tree bank in Phetchaburi province, Khao Chakan agroforestry tree bank in Sa Kaeo province and Ban Khlong Ruea tree bank in Chumphon province. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Group interviews were conducted and tree survey plots in the field were prepared. Committee members of the Tree Bank and representatives of the 3 Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC), 11 people each, totaling 33 people were purposive sampling. Content analysis and the abundance of plant species were analyzed using the Menhinick (1964). The research results showed that the strategy for creating a tree bank involved group forming of household members with their own land by planting trees in agroforestry plots. The group acquire wood as an asset and use trees as collateral to guarantee loans from financial institutions that are guaranteed by the state. Environmental activities were organized by planting trees of at least 25 perennial trees per rai. 58 plant species as specified by the BAAC were chosen. Nourish the soil with compost made from scraps of leaves and branches. The richness index (R2) analysis showed that the abundance of tree species in all plots was at a high level (R2 =2.5-4.5). In terms of upgrading the household economy, knowledge of the production of firewood and burn charcoal, wood vinegar from trees, wood processing for house construction and furniture products was disseminated by the tree bank by organizing learning center and eco-tourism. Collaborative networks with organizations and educational institutions were built in order to use the tree bank for sustainable development.

Does The Consumption of Energy, Renewable Energy, Natural Resources and Emissions Affect Gross Domestic Product?: The Study of Southeast Asia

We face the challenges of economic growth productivity which still uses dirty energy and minimal efforts to cleaner energy transition. The debate on efforts to increase productivity by diverting dirty energy into clean energy while still preserving nature has long been discused. Southeast Asia is a region that has massive development potential with valuable natural resources facing regional threats in addition to decreasing environmental quality but also prosperity. This study aims to identify initial steps are needed to control energy consumption, which is still considered dirty, the extent of the scope of Southeast Asia's current clean energy transition and how emissions can be a determinant of the decline in regional economic produtivity. This is the first study to combine the Cobb-Douglass production function model with three models that focus on (1) energy consumption, (2) renewable energy and natural resources, and (3) emissions. The data used is secondary data for the period 2004-2018 sourced from the World Bank Development Indicator and ourworlddata.org. Panel data regression was used as an analytical technique. This study was conducted in the Southeast Asia region (with selected countries with developing economies and insutries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam). The results of this study show that in the energy consumption model, only labor has a significant effect on GDP, in model B there is renewable energy consumption and the labor force which significantly affects GDP and in model C there are CO2 emissions and GHC emissions that affect GDP in the Southeast Asia region. This research will provide input to policy makers and growth analysts to form policies for sustainable economic development in Southeast Asia.

Research on the Impact of Digitalization on Bank Performance Based on BP Neural Network

With the promotion and development of digital finance, the degree of digitalization has an increasingly significant impact on the banking business, which cannot be ignored in the operation of commercial banks. Therefore, establishing a digitalization bank profitability system model is of great significance for the sustainable development of banks and digital finance. This article selects 6 Chinese state-owned banks from 57 listed banks in the A+H stock market as samples, constructs a digital indicator system and evaluation model for banks through the literature review method, and uses simulation training to explore the effectiveness of BP neural network in evaluating the impact of digitalization on bank profitability. The aim is to provide a reference for the evaluation of financial statement information of other banks and other factors affecting bank digitalization. The innovation of the article lies in the innovative use of the entropy weight coefficient of variation method to establish a digital evaluation system model, which utilizes the data itself to objectively establish an evaluation system, incorporate the established digital system into the black box model of the BP neural network model to study the impact of changes in digitalization on banking operations.

Can investors benefit from the early retirement of coal plants: A plant-level analysis of Chinese-sponsored coal stations in Vietnam and Pakistan

The global energy sector's shift towards decarbonization necessitates the early decommissioning of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), requiring novel financing strategies. While research on financing CFPP retirement is extensive for developed countries, it remains nascent for developing nations, particularly in Asia, which holds 76% of the world's coal capacity. Initiatives like the Asian Development Bank's Energy Transition Mechanism and the Just Energy Transition Partnership reflect the growing focus on Asian CFPP retirement. However, challenges such as increasing electricity demand, the youth of Asian CFPPs, and dominant Chinese sponsorship complicate retirement efforts. This study evaluates the enterprise values of six Chinese-backed CFPPs in Vietnam and Pakistan commissioned between 2010 and 2023 and capacities ranging from 600 to 1320 MW under three financing models and future geoeconomic scenarios impacting CFPP cash flows. Findings indicate that refinancing can bolster enterprise values, supporting early retirement. Younger plants, with more operational years to forgo, are especially suitable for early retirement. Combining refinancing with early retirement and renewable energy investments can significantly enhance enterprise values, advocating for the expedited retirement of CFPPs.

Applied regression modeling to propose policy recommendations for green banking development in Vietnam

In Vietnam, green banking plays a critical role in successfully implementing the National Strategy on Green Growth for 2021-2030, vision to 2050. Green banking helps businesses invest in projects, programs and infrastructure to reduce emissions and protect the environment. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative investigations were conducted to identify the critical factors of green banking development. The structural equation model (SEM) analyzes the complex relationships between several factors related to green credit based on a survey of 450 staff members. The research provides lawmakers and bank executives with the scientific basis for new ideas. This study seeks to improve green banking institutions and offer specific solutions to promote banking and credit products and apps to help enterprises expand their green credentials. The findings also support the government and functional agencies in improving project appraisal stages and strengthening hygiene and safety credit inspections in credit policies for green banks. Finally, the results have green credit applications that advise the government to enhance the regulatory framework of green banking under international standards to provide transparency. Simultaneously, improving the practicum framework for green economic sectors and developing conventional green financial markets is necessary to create a foundation for green banking development in the future.

Unpacking the environmental quality through the effects of natural resources, renewable energy consumption, banking development and industrial value addition: An empirical evidence from BRICS countries

This study explores the association between natural resources rent, industrial value addition, banking development, renewable energy consumption, total reserves and environmental quality in the dynamic context of BRICS nations from 1995 to 2019. BRICS economies are responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions and confront pressing environmental challenges, including biodiversity loss and pollution. For the dependent variable, the environmental quality, the study constructed a composite index using PCA for all environmental indicators where interdependencies among variables are prevalent. Besides this, the study incorporates two interaction terms to determine the indirect influence of natural resource rent and banking development on environmental quality through the mediating role of industrial value addition. By applying the CS-ARDL technique, the outcomes of the study reveal that natural resources rent, industrial value addition, and total reserves positively influence ENQ, indicating the adverse consequences of industrial sectors on environmental quality and continued environmental degradation due to resource-intensive industrial production, underscoring the urgency of sustainable resource management. In contrast, banking development and renewable energy consumption negatively influence ENQ, signifying the positive role of developed banking sectors in supporting eco-friendly projects and enhancing environmental quality. This study offers valuable insights for policy interventions to foster a more sustainable future.

Dynamics of development of banks with foreign investments in Ukraine under martial law

Dynamics of development of banks with foreign investments in Ukraine under martial law

RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BRICS AND MINT

This study examined the relationship between renewable energy, financial development and economic growth in BRICS and MINT nations. The data used for the study was obtained from the World Bank development indicators from 1990-2022. The data was analysed using panel regression analysis(Pooled OLS) and Fixed Effects as well as the Dumitrescu-Hullin (2012) test for causality the result of the analysis showed that broad money per GDP had a positive impact on economic growth in MINT countries while it had a negative impact on economic growth BRICS nations. Market capitalisation per GDP was found to have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in BRIC nations Renewable energy on the other hand had a negative impact on economic growth in MINT countries while it had a negative impact on economic growth in BRICS nations. Renewable energy also had a unidirectional causality relationship with economic growth. KEYWORDS: Renewable Energy, Financial Development, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development

Foreign language teaching modes and adaptive methods in emergency education: Evaluation of first-hand experience

Turbulent world events require crisis-sensitive education models that can address new challenges and promote productive learning in extraordinary times. The research aimed to analyze the issue of teaching a foreign language to undergraduate students using intervention techniques in online and offline modes. The researchers suggested the following responsive and adaptive strategies: the creation of adaptive online learning platforms, the development of a multimedia resources bank and the careful selection of innovative teaching tools capable of addressing both psychological and educational needs. The work in groups of both formats was studied through discussion and survey from the point of view of teachers’ perceptions of positive and negative features, difficulties revealed in the education in emergencies, and the productivity of using specially designed adaptive teaching techniques for coping with them. The findings show that in most aspects teachers have a more positive assessment of ‘live’ language teaching in comparison with the online format. They indicate such benefits as more coordinated work, a collaborative and engaging environment, controllability, and greater motivation. The most effective tools used for developing vocabulary, listening skills, reading skills, and speaking skills were revealed. The final testing results in both online and offline groups were analyzed to study the effectiveness of the employed intervention methods. The study demonstrates that the rigorous instructional design is of vital importance for education in an emergency. Special attention should be given to specific adaptive and responsive intervention technologies aimed at interaction and communication enhancement as well as psychological support of students, the choice of which can be determined by the distinctive features of different teaching formats.

Comment on “Recent Developments in Indian Central Banking: Flying through Turbulence but Aided by Some Tailwinds”

Comment on “Recent Developments in Indian Central Banking: Flying through Turbulence but Aided by Some Tailwinds”