Development Of Scientific Research Research Articles

Alcohol Withdrawal Is an Oxidative Stress Challenge for the Brain: Does It Pave the Way toward Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment?

Alcohol use is a leading cause of mortality, brain morbidity, neurological complications and minor to major neurocognitive disorders. Alcohol-related neurocognitive disorders are consecutive to the direct effect of chronic and excessive alcohol use, but not only. Indeed, patients with severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) associated with pharmacological dependence suffer from repetitive events of alcohol withdrawal (AW). If those AW are not managed by adequate medical and pharmacological treatment, they may evolve into severe AW, or be complicated by epileptic seizure or delirium tremens (DT). In addition, we suggest that AW favors the occurrence of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) in patients with known or unknown thiamine depletion. We reviewed the literature on oxidative stress as a core mechanism in brain suffering linked with those conditions: AW, epileptic seizure, DT and WE. Thus, we propose perspectives to further develop research projects aiming at better identifying oxidative stress brain damage related to AW, assessing the effect of repetitive episodes of AW, and their long-term cognitive consequences. This research field should develop neuroprotective strategies during AW itself or during the periwithdrawal period. This could contribute to the prevention of severe alcohol-related brain damage and cognitive impairments.

Open Science Considerations for Descriptive Research in Developmental Science.

Descriptive developmental research seeks to document, describe, and analyze the conditions under which infants and children live and learn. Here, we articulate how open-science practices can be incorporated into descriptive research to increase its transparency, reliability, and replicability. To date, most open-science practices have been oriented toward experimental rather than descriptive studies, and it can be confusing to figure out how to translate open-science practices (e.g., preregistration) for research that is more descriptive in nature. We discuss a number of unique considerations for descriptive developmental research, taking inspiration from existing open-science practices and providing examples from recent and ongoing studies. By embracing a scientific culture where descriptive research and open science coexist productively, developmental science will be better positioned to generate comprehensive theories of development and understand variability in development across communities and cultures.

USING COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH (CBPR) METHODS TO ADDRESS STRUCTURAL RACISM IN RESEARCH PRACTICES

At the conclusion of the Workshop, participants will be able to: 1) recognize the legacies of structural racism entrenched with traditionally Western biomedical research paradigms that continue to actualize in contemporary research practices; 2) identify the basic principles and examples of how community-based participatory research (CBPR) can be utilized to address structural racism in research practices; 3) select a CBPR principle to apply to an ongoing or developing research project that fosters empowerment and partnership with community organizations; and 4) develop an implementation plan for an ongoing or developing research project that includes a CBPR approach.

Analysis of the influence of the hydrate-bearing rocks properties on the prospects their industrial development

Along with renewable energy and hydrogen, gas hydrates may become the most significant energy resource in the coming years. The reserves of gas in the hydrate state exceed all the combined world reserves of traditional energy resources. At the same time, the gas hydrates properties in the conditions their natural occurrence in the composition of hydrate-containing rock cause significant difficulties in their extraction. In this regard, the industrial use of colossal renewable gas resources in the gas hydrate state is just beginning. Based on this, the methods of developing gas hydrate deposits are the object of research. Based on the analysis and generalization of the currently known examples results of experimental and industrial development of gas hydrate deposits, as well as the results of studying the hydrate-bearing rocks properties, an assessment of the prospects for the industrial implementation of gas hydrate deposit development methods is given. Extraction of methane from gas hydrate deposits causes difficulties due to their solid form. Existing promising methods of their development involve the dissociation of gas hydrate into gas and water. Currently implemented research and industrial development projects of gas hydrate deposits have shown a number of problems related, first of all, to the instability of the hydrate-bearing rock after dissociation of the gas hydrate (at the same time, in the vast majority, the natural gas hydrate becomes metastable and weakly cemented). Therefore, there is still no commercially attractive technology for obtaining natural gas from gas hydrate deposits. At the same time, the depressurization method is considered the most promising. Based on this, the improvement of the technology of influence on the hydrate-bearing rock for the natural gas extraction should concern the provision of the rock removal the into the well. At the same time, effective and competitive development of marine gas hydrates deposits can be realized only if taking into account the geological features of the distribution of hydrate-bearing rocks, as well as the gas hydrates properties in their natural occurrence.

Outcomes of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute K12 program in emergency care research: 7-year follow-up.

Long-term follow-up for clinician-scientist training programs is sparse. We describe the outcomes of clinician-scientist scholars in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) K12 program in emergency care research up to 8.7 years after matriculation in the program. This was a cohort study of faculty clinician-scientist scholars enrolled in a NHLBI K12 research training program at 6 sites across the US, with median follow-up 7.7 years (range 5.7-8.7 years) from the date of matriculation. Scholars completed electronic surveys in 2017 and 2019, with the 2019 survey collecting information for their current work setting, percent time for research, and grant funding from all sources. We used NIH RePorter and online resources to verify federal grants through March 2021. The primary outcome was a funded career development award (CDA) or research project grant (RPG) where the scholar was principal investigator. We included funding from all federal sources and national foundations. There were 43 scholars, including 16 (37%) women. Over the follow-up period, 32 (74%) received an individual CDA or RPG, with a median of 36 months (range 9-83 months) after entering the program. Of the 43 scholars, 23 (54%) received a CDA and 22 (51%) received an RPG, 7 (16%) of which were R01s. Of the 23 scholars who received a CDA, 13 (56%) subsequently had an RPG funded. Time to CDA or RPG did not differ by sex (women vs. men log-rank test p=0.27) or specialty training (emergency medicine versus other specialties, p=0.59). After 7 years of follow-up for this NHLBI K12 emergency care research training program, three quarters of clinician-scientist scholars had obtained CDA or RPG funding, with no notable differences by sex or clinical training.

Designing Prototype Product of English Test Book Materials for Indonesian Tertiary Students

English proficiency test is significantly pivotal for tertiary students as they prepare for their after-school work-life experience. In this case, students are obliged to obtain fair knowledge of global issues but also local-based phenomena students may be familiar with on a daily basis. Besides, competency in English contributes to one’s acknowledgement in building a career or pursuing higher education. That is why many educational institutions in Indonesia require students to obtain a school-leaving English proficiency certificate. In regard to this phenomenon, designing English test materials that accommodate students’ needs in accordance with particularly required competencies is prominent. This present study further examines the test specification construction results developed as an initial study of a standardized English proficiency test implemented in a private university in Indonesia. As a part of research and development project research, this current study focuses on developing a prototype product of English test materials including the design of the test book. The product results of this study are elaborated in four stages of test materials covering two skills of English proficiency test.

Development of Learning Media Based Augmented Reality Electromagnetic Induction Subject Matter

Learning about electromagnetic induction in physics calls for a deeper comprehension of abstract ideas and ways of thinking. This article is part of a development research project on augmented reality-based learning materials focused on electromagnetic induction. Its goal is to assess the reliability and efficacy of augmented reality-based learning materials with a particular emphasis on the cognitive learning outcomes of students. The 4-D development model "Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate" is used in the study. (1) It is extremely practical to apply learning media based on augmented reality electromagnetic induction subject matter. (2) As a result of trials carried out based on the outcomes of a mean N gain of 0.76, the cognitive learning outcomes of students improved. The independent t-test findings revealed a significant relationship between the two variables, with a significant 2 tails of 0.000 (3). Student replies revealed that the learning medium are extremely practicable to use, with an average percentage value of 87%. Thus, it is advised to use augmented reality-based learning media for physics ideas that call for high levels of knowledge and abstract thought.

STUDY ON THE SENSITIVITY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUJIAN OPERA AND TAIWAN OPERA AND THE CHANGES OF WORKING EMOTION AND BEHAVIOR OF THE TROUPE

Abstract Background Yangqin was introduced into China in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. With the flow of musicians, it spread all over the world. It is not only used for folk God welcoming games, birthday celebrations, literati self entertainment or music clubs, but also the most eye-catching musical instrument in private collections, government and business and children's Museum music clubs. From the leisure and entertainment stage of “song” popular in the Qing Dynasty to the commercial rap of “selling medicine” and “sweeping the floor”, it absorbs the nutrition of performance forms such as car drum array, Siping opera, Tea Picking Opera and juggling, and adds the “opera in the play” of hand and foot dance to show the footprints of Yangqin. Xiangju opera, developed from Taiwan songs, is a mixture of Zhangzhou Xiangjiang generation folk music. Hunan Opera (Gezai Opera) is the only common local opera on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. In 2005, Hunan opera was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. It is deeply influenced by Southern Fujian culture and has distinctive Southern Fujian characteristics. It has played a positive role in promoting cross-strait cultural exchanges, which is reflected in the frequent exchanges between relevant researchers and troupes on both sides of the Strait. The excellent repertoire of Hunan opera has been widely praised at home and abroad. Research Objects and Methods This study adopts the methods of literature analysis and field investigation to collect and sort out the research data. Literature analysis is mainly the collection, comparison and classification of historical data. Fieldwork is the author's fieldwork for more than ten years and his contact with folk artists and musicians of Gezai Opera. Starting from the Yangqin proposition, the master's thesis began to study and collect data, collect and read Taiwan Local Chronicles, newspaper documents, Shengzhi diaries, oral history and fieldwork for more than ten years, and copy the existing music manuscripts, photos, sound recordings and audio materials in the public sector. At the same time, it is selected from the emotional experience report form compiled by Ekman, freisen and ancoli (1980), which has been modified many times by gross and widely used. There are 10 adjectives in the emotional experience report form. Each emotion was assessed by the 9-point Likert scale, “0” means no, “8” means very strong, and the subjects were required to choose the corresponding number according to their actual emotional experience. 2.2.4 questionnaire on the degree of implementation of guidance. The questionnaire consists of 6 questions. Using the 6-point Likert scale, “0” indicates complete non-compliance, and “5” indicates complete compliance. The purpose is to check whether the subjects adjust their emotions according to the instructions of the main test when watching emotional movie clips, and ask the subjects to answer truthfully according to their actual situation. Results Performance knowledge comes from objective analysis. Performers practice and change the objective world and themselves through psychological thinking such as perception, imagination and emotion. With the progress of the times, Hunan opera is facing the dual pressure of economic and cultural inheritance. Economically, the income of the troupe's actors is unstable, which gradually weakens the actors' enthusiasm for the cause of Hunan opera. In terms of cultural inheritance, the older generation of Hunan opera is relatively old. The emergence of new culture has reduced the interest of contemporary young people in Hunan opera and led to the crisis of the inheritance of Hunan opera. In the process of the influence of life events on anxiety, they play an intermediary role through economic response. The higher the economic level, the stronger the emotional regulation ability of the troupe personnel. Among them, the mediating effect of anxiety can be adjusted through psychological elasticity. That is, economic level can regulate the pressure of life events, and coping style can be used as an intermediary factor of emotional regulation to regulate the impact of life events on anxiety through coping style. Conclusion Facing the challenge of traditional art inheritance and survival, driven by the cultural environment and multicultural environment of the global village, this is a problem that many traditional arts must think about if they want to survive. The government needs to take various measures to change the current situation and make the excellent traditional culture of Hunan opera continue to flourish. Through more bilateral exchanges and communication, cross-strait cultural inheritance and innovation, strengthen cross-strait cultural and artistic exchanges and cooperation, jointly play the piano art for the opera troupe, and work together for the in-depth development of both sides. Acknowledgments This paper is the general project of Fujian Social Science Planning Project Art Fund in 2019: Fujian Taiwan Gezai Opera (Xiang Opera). Phased achievements of Yangqin Development Research (Project No.: fj2019b029).

Points to Consider for Continuous Manufacturing of Biotechnological Drug Products

Continuous Manufacturing is a manufacturing method in which raw materials enter the manufacturing process continuously, and products are discharged continuously throughout the duration of the process including multiple unit operations. Continuous Manufacturing includes various options: Those with all stages of processing from charging raw materials to discharging final products that are continuous, and those with only certain parts of the manufacturing process that are continuous. It can be introduced in an appropriate range in consideration of the characteristics of products, manufacturing processes, robustness of processes, etc. Continuous Manufacturing is expected to have the following advantages: A wide range of manufacturing scales are available by adjusting the continuous operation time of the process; it is possible to use the same manufacturing equipment from the development stage to commercial production, eliminating the need to change to large scale manufacturing equipment; and it is possible to reduce the equipment installation area (footprint). While Continuous Manufacturing can be a major manufacturing technique of the pharmaceutical industry in the future, official documents such as guidelines for Continuous Manufacturing are limited. In particular, no official documents such as guidelines specialized in manufacturing of biotechnological drug products have been issued yet. In Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) research project, we summarized the key points to consider for investigation of the control strategy for Continuous Manufacturing of biotechnological products as a document. In this paper, we introduce the document.

Barriers and challenges of the assessment framework of the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 on building renovation by European RTD projects

The refurbishment of buildings is one of the main keys to pursue the targets of the European Green Deal, and to accomplish the European Union has applied two mechanisms among others: the European policy and the European Research and Technological Development (RTD) projects. On the one hand, the EU has published the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 with an assessment framework composed by Measurable Progress Indicators (MPI) that can be considered the main legal instrument to measure the progress of the decarbonisation together with health & wellness, social and economic related targets of the Directive 2018/844, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). On the other hand, the RTD projects also pursue the targets of the EU but following their own assessment methodology composed by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Considering the parallelism of these two mechanisms, the objective of this study is to analyse the applicability of the EU’s assessment framework by the RTD projects, establishing a critical point of view of the viability of the MPIs and identifying the barriers and challenges of the evaluation system proposed by the EU. Regarding the methodology, the applicability of MPIs by RTD projects has been analysed in five stages: (1) Identification and listing of the MPIs of EU Recommendation; (2) selection of European RTD projects; (3) identification of the KPIs applied by the projects; (4) study of the concordance of the MPIs of the Commission Recommendation’s assessment framework and the KPIs of the RTD projects; (5) evaluation of the barriers and challenges of the applicability of the EU’s MPIs based on the level of agreement with the projects’ KPIs. This investigation shows that although some evaluation scopes of the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 do agree with high degree with RTD projects, many MPIs present barriers related to the low reliability, the absence of standardised calculation methods, and the lack of data. Besides, the assessment framework of the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 also presents challenges to improve the evaluation of the building renovation like calibration techniques, standardised input data and the shortlisting of the MPIs to improve the effectiveness of the method. The main conclusion is that the readjustment of the assessment framework proposed in the Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 is needed. This readjustment is proposed to be done by shortlisting the MPIs and defining standardised measurement methods in order to build a common roadmap that could be followed and assessed homogenously towards the decarbonisation of the European building stock.

The Teaching of Numbers in Common Preschool Activities: A Delicate Balancing Act

This paper reports on a combined research-development project conducted in collaboration between researchers and preschool teachers in three Swedish preschools. The aim is to investigate how ongoing preschool activities may become the starting point for mathematics teaching in which toddlers are given the opportunity to distinguish necessary aspects of numbers. One challenge in preschool education is the balance between children’s previous experiences and interests versus offering them new experiences and challenges towards a learning goal. In the article, empirical examples are used to illustrate how small changes in an activity may open up opportunities for toddlers to discern different critical aspects of numbers without losing the activity’s initial intention. Principles for how early numeracy education can be designed to achieve this balancing act are presented and elaborated on.

Grounds for Collaboration: A Model for Improving Coffee Sustainability Initiatives

Smallholder coffee producers are the foundation of the specialty coffee industry and are currently facing a set of challenges that threaten the sustainability of the industry. Movement towards a more sustainable specialty coffee sector requires strong collaboration between interdisciplinary researchers and industry stakeholders to develop research projects and interventions that address critical social, economic, and environmental threats to the industry. To improve upon past sector initiatives it is essential that cross-sector collaboration better incorporate and center coffee farmers’ voices, which have often been absent from top-down interventions. This article describes one such collaboration, which investigated agronomic and market system needs of the Guatemalan smallholder coffee sector. We conducted participatory interviews with 33 coffee producers and 22 non-producer key informants, and used mixed-methods analysis of the interview data to better understand the key challenges facing smallholder coffee producers in Guatemala. The following factors emerged: pests and diseases, climate change, price, labor, nutrient management, market access, yield, nurseries and transplants, and technical assistance. Cross-sector, interdisciplinary collaborations that directly address these areas would directly improve the long-term sustainability of the coffee industry by reducing pressures currently limiting specialty coffee production. This research framework can also serve as a model for others interested in conducting interdisciplinary, cross-sector research.

Creating customer loyalty through global engagement: the role of university social responsibility

PurposeThis study aims to examine how university social responsibility (USR) global engagement is influenced, and its impact on service quality and “customer” loyalty. There are four determinants of USR global engagement which are responsible education programs, knowledge management, organizational management and social engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey conducted in five universities in Vietnam. The dataset consists of 446 valid responses by Vietnamese students. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the proposed relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is conducted to verify the reliability and validity of each latent construct, and to evaluate the discriminant validity, convergent validity, composition reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) for the latent constructs.FindingsThis study finds statistically significant and positive effects of responsible education programs, knowledge management, organizational management and social engagement on USR global engagement. The results also reveal the interrelationships among USR global engagement, service quality and loyalty.Practical implicationsFirstly, universities need to facilitate the involvement of all their stakeholders when they adopt USR engagement with the world. Second, universities should seek funders in society, or funders from the trade agreement between their countries and foreign ones to invest in research projects. Third, with the IT development, universities have to explore technological innovation in their teaching and training. Fourth, universities have to reform their mission and strategy to implement USR global engagement as a central pillar.Originality/valueThis study has some contributions to the scarce literature on USR. This study highlights that universities in developing countries like Vietnam need to make a large effort to enhance their teaching and training systems in order to meet the global education standard. The second highlight lies in developing research projects on discovery, methodologies, interpretation and orientation. Further, universities need to address the requirement for more internal communication with students and more external communication with society. Finally, this study found that USR global engagement make customers (students, students' families, businesses, and other stakeholders) trust and become loyal to universities.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE

One of the most important duties of education is to enable individuals to develop and advance their societies through scientific research, especially the great acceleration in the era of knowledge, information and technology and its outputs. Therefore, this study sought to identify the role of education and scientific research in development in Palestine. During the study, the study concluded several results, most notably That education and scientific research in Palestine still suffers from some scientific, financial, administrative and social obstacles, and it is in dire need of development in all its branches, and that education and scientific research have an effective role in achieving development goals of all kinds in general and Palestine in particular, and that the amount of spending on it in Palestine is not It is still far below the level required globally, and in light of this result, the study made several recommendations, the most prominent of which were: the need to work to raise awareness of the importance of education and scientific research and apply its results in achieving comprehensive development in society, in addition to developing a strategy for the State of Palestine with regard to education and scientific research after Determining research priorities, leading to linking research with comprehensive development, working to provide the necessary assistance by universities and research centers to researchers, developing mechanisms for marketing the results of scientific research, publicizing its results and outputs, and strengthening coordination between research centers, institutions and government agencies.

Art’s Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures

Art’s Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures

The Societal Readiness Thinking Tool: A Practical Resource for Maturing the Societal Readiness of Research Projects

In this paper, we introduce the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool to aid researchers and innovators in developing research projects with greater responsiveness to societal values, needs, and expectations. The need for societally-focused approaches to research and innovation—complementary to Technology Readiness (TR) frameworks—is presented. Insights from responsible research and innovation (RRI) concepts and practice, organized across critical stages of project-life cycles are discussed with reference to the development of the SR Thinking Tool. The tool is designed to complement not only shortfalls in TR approaches, but also improve upon other efforts to integrate RRI, sustainability, and design thinking in research and innovation cycles. Operationalization and early-stage user tests of the Tool are reported, along with discussion of potential future iterations and applications.

‘Doing good and feeling good’: how narratives in development stymie gender equality in organisations

This paper examines the challenges of working on gender equality in international development research projects and institutes, and how a code of appropriate emotions and behaviours is used to silence and stifle institutional change. Using my own experience at a science research institute, I argue that while senior leaders have acknowledged the importance of equity and diversity, internal institutional dynamics, workplace culture and hierarchies make change difficult. Furthermore, due to the nature of international development work, there is an affective norm (‘doing good and feeling good’) that surrounds the notion of working in ‘developing’ countries. This affect is gendered because a masculine camaraderie is generated. However, the affect shuts out self-reflexivity, because it would disrupt the narrative of selflessness and heroism of aid. The inside activists within the institute navigate between challenging the norms and having an unspoken code of civility imposed upon them, which is used to police and discipline how inside activists should behave. When inside activists criticise discriminatory practices and values, they are dismissed as being ‘angry’ and ‘uncivil’. The result is the depoliticisation of gender and feminist theories and practice, where people go through the motions of equity and mainstreaming without achieving meaningful change.

The Development of Research Skills in Nursing Postgraduate Training

The objective of this study was to understand the contribution of postgraduate training to the development of research skills, aiming at their application in clinical practice. Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with eight nurses in the Local Health Unit of Baixo Alentejo, in Portugal, who had postgraduate training. The researchers conducted a group interview, or discussion group, using a semi-structured interview, which was assessed by two reviewers. The data were submitted to content analysis, and the results underwent a validation process with the participants and two reviewers. This study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. Result: In terms of the research skills developed in nursing postgraduate education, the following indicators emerged from the participants’ discourse: understanding the research process, searching databases, developing literature reviews, assessing the quality of articles, developing research projects, communicating about science, and translating knowledge into clinical practice. Conclusion: The participants developed research skills in their nursing postgraduate training and reported developing these skills in their clinical practice.

Experience from the Project Approach in Teaching Technology Subjects at the University of Chemical Technology Prague – Teaching for Practice

A proposal was formulated at the University of Chemical Technology (UCT) Prague in 2016 to implement the project approach in teaching technology subjects. A grant was awarded for an Operational Program Research Development and Education project called "Education Improvement – UCT Prague Priority" from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. The project's main goals were that UCT graduates would understand the application of chemistry in practice simultaneously in the context of the given field of study, as well as the law, economy, safety and environmental impact, realize the importance of viability and profitability of technical projects, learn about usable methods applied in the implementation of technical projects, and get acquainted with the principles of creation of teams and team work. A team of teachers and outside consultants from practice have been created. Using the Internet and personal contacts, experience with the use of project approach in teaching at the Czech universities has been gathered. Experience from the project approach in teaching at UCT Prague has been summed up. Basic 12 modules of real-life technical projects have been defined and described in a Methodical Handbook which also includes a number of tools for students. A new subject has been created on the use of scheduling software. A total of 8 technology subjects have been selected for piloting of the project in 2018–2021, employing the created tools. The experience with teaching the pilot subjects was used in the lifelong education of the university teachers. The results will also be used for the teaching other technology subjects at UCT Prague. It can be expected that the project will contribute to a better employability of fresh graduates, their faster adaptation to the requirements of practice, a faster career growth, and that it will improve the feedback from graduates to the teaching staff and their activities at UCT Prague.

On the issue of continuity in the formation of universal competencies among school graduates and university students

In recent years, the issues of preserving the health of the population and prevention of certain diseases leading to a significant deterioration in the life quality and human activity have been keenly discussed all over the world. This circumstance has significantly activated the scientific research in development and testing of educational programs, which are based on the development of the need for systematic independent physical exercises that contribute to the formation of general cultural competencies among students of educational institutions. At the same time, the level of formation of this knowledge, skills and abilities should contribute to the further continuous process of formation of universal competencies in physical culture and sports of university students. This paper aims to analyze and experimentally substantiate the need for continuity in the formation of universal competencies among schoolchildren and university students in physical culture, as the basis for successful professionally applied physical training of future specialists in various fields of economics. The conducted research shows the need to improve the organizational and content provision of physical culture in general education institutions to increase the effectiveness of organized physical culture classes, and to improve the quality of the formation of general cultural competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities).