Detoxification Research Articles

Influence of enzyme drug and adsorbent on digestive metabolism processes of steers fattening in technogenic zone

In the practice of feeding of young ruminants for fattening, feed drugs of new generation adsorbents are increasingly and widely introduced. They often exhibit synergistic eff ects on metabolic processes with a large set of biologically active additives including enzyme drugs. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of the adsorbent drugs toxfi n and MEC celloviridin G20x on the state of rumen metabolism in fattening steers in whose diets there was an excess content of lead, zinc and cadmium salts. It was found that in order to activate the processes of digestive metabolism due to better elimination of heavy metal salts, it is advisable to jointly introduce the adsorbent toxfi n in the amount of 1 kg/t of compound feed and MEC celloviridin G20x in the amount of 70 g/t of compound feed into the composition of the rations of fattening steers. The results of the conducted studies showed that by the end of fattening at the age of 18 months the animals of the 4th experimental group had the highest body weight, which surpassed the steers of the 1st control group by 29.20 kg (p < 0.05) or 6.86 %. Relative to the control analogues the steers of the 4th experimental group showed an activation of growth in the forestomachs of ciliates (producers of cellulases and amylases) by 54.26 % (p < 0.05) and bacteria of the Flavobacterium vitarumen group (producers of proteinases) by 29.36 % (p < 0.05). Due to the combined feeding of the adsorbent drugs toxfi n and MEC celloviridin G20x, the processes of detoxifi cation of heavy metal salts were more effective. Therefore, the fattening steers of the 4th experimental group more actively accumulated volatile fatty acids in the rumen fl uid, significantly (p < 0.05) outperforming the animals of the 1st control group in this indicator by 1.68 mmol/100 ml or by 20.71 %.

Development and testing of a transcatheter heart valve with reduced calcification potential.

Patients from developing countries who require heart valve surgery are younger and have less access to open heart surgery than those from developed countries. Transcatheter heart valves (THVs) may be an alternative but are currently unsuitable for young patients because of their inadequate durability. We developed and tested a THV utilizing two new types of decellularized bovine pericardial leaflets in an ovine model. The two decellularized tissues [one with a very low dose (0.05%) of monomeric glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation and detoxification (DF) and the other without glutaraldehyde (DE)] were compared to an industry standard [Glycar-fixed with the standard dose (0.625%) of glutaraldehyde]. THVs were manufactured with the three tissue types and implanted in the pulmonary position of nine juvenile sheep for 180 days. Baseline and post-explantation evaluations were performed to determine the hemodynamic performance of the valves and their dynamic strength, structure, biological interaction, and calcification. Heart failure occurred in one animal due to incompetence of its Glycar valve, and the animal was euthanized at 158 days. The gradients over the Glycar valves were higher at the explant than at the implant, but the DE and DF valves maintained normal hemodynamic performance throughout the study. The DF and DE tissues performed well during the mechanical testing of explanted leaflets. Glycar tissue developed thick pannus and calcification. Compared to Glycar, the DF tissue exhibited reduced pannus overgrowth and calcification and the DE tissue exhibited no pannus formation and calcification. All tissues were endothelialized adequately. There was a striking absence of host ingrowth in the DE tissue leaflets, yet these leaflets maintained integrity and mechanical function. In the juvenile sheep THV model, Glycar tissue developed significant pannus, calcification, and hemodynamic deterioration. Using a very low dose of monomeric GA to fix the decellularized bovine pericardium yielded less pannus formation, less calcification, and better hemodynamic function. We postulate that the limited pannus formation in the DF group results from GA. Bovine pericardium decellularized with our proprietary method resulted in inert tissue, which is a unique finding. These results justify further development and evaluation of the two decellularized tissue types in THVs for use in younger patients.

Physiological and molecular mechanisms of boron in alleviating cadmium toxicity in Capsicum annuum

Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination threatens food safety and human health, particularly in developing countries. Previously, we have proposed that boron (B) could reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) by regulating the expression of genes related to Cd transport in roots. However, only few studies have examined the role of B in plant leaves under Cd stress. It is unclear how B induces the expression of relevant genes and metabolites in hot pepper leaves and to what extent B is involved in leaf growth and Cd accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of B on growth and Cd accumulation in hot pepper leaves by determining physiological parameters and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that B application significantly improved the concentration of chlorophyll a and intercellular CO2, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic and transpiration rates by 18–41 % in Cd-stressed plants. Moreover, B enhanced Cd retention in the cell wall by upregulating the expression levels of pectin-, lignin-, and callose-related genes and improving the activity of pectin methylesterase by 30 %, resulting in an approximate 31 % increase in Cd retention in the cell wall. Furthermore, B application not only enhanced the expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and their activities by 28–40 %, thereby counteracting Cd-induced oxidative stress, but also improved Cd chelation, sequestration, and exclusion by upregulating the expression levels of genes related to sulfur metabolism, heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP), and transporters such as vacuolar cation/proton exchanger (CAX3), metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL), ATP-binding cassette (ABC), zinc/iron transporters (ZIP) and oxic-compound detoxification (DTX), ultimately reinforcing Cd tolerance. Together, our results suggest that B application reduces the negative effects of Cd on leaf growth, promotes photosynthesis, and decreases Cd transfer to fruits through its sequestration and retention.

A STUDY OF RISK FACTORS OF DELIRIUM TREMENS IN PERSONS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Introduction: Delirium tremens is the severe form of alcohol withdrawal state that carries a certain degree of mortality. It is important to understand various risk factors associated with delirium tremens and compare with persons in alcohol withdrawal without delirium tremens. Objectives of the Study is to identify various risk factors associated with delirium tremens and to compare and identify any differences in risk factors for withdrawal syndrome in persons with alcohol use disorder with and without delirium tremens. This cross-sectional study Methodology: was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and HAHC Hospital, New Delhi on the patients with alcohol use disorder in withdrawal attending Department of Psychiatry, during period from January 2022 to June 2022. 75 patients with alcohol use disorder were taken. They were further categorised into 3 groups of patients which included patients with alcohol use disorder experiencing uncomplicated withdrawal, complicated withdrawal with or without delirium tremens. Patients with age range 18-60 years of either sex with illness of at least 12 months were taken. Severity of withdrawal was assessed by CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute for Withdrawal of Alcohol scale containing ten items). Data was analysed using computer-based software (SPSS v16). Mean scores were calculated for both study populations for all the scales applied. Chi square test was used to make in between group comparisons for categorical variables with P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically signicant at 95 % condence level. Among the 75 patients Results: admitted for detoxication treatment during the period of January 2022- June 2023; 9 of the participants were suffering from uncomplicated withdrawal, 13 participants were suffering from complicated withdrawal without delirium tremens and 53 participants was suffering from complicated withdrawal with delirium tremens The factors signicantly associated with delirium tremens were previous history of DT (p=0.004**), binge drinking pattern (p=0.000**), history of morning alcohol consumption (p=0.000*), and delay in hospitalization (p=0.004**), and increased CIWA- AR score (p=0.001**). Patient admitted Conclusion: for detoxication should be carefully evaluated for these risk factors; and the vulnerable subjects with the presence of these risk factors should be cautiously managed and carefully monitored by the nurses taking care of these patients to prevent the occurrence of the fatal complication associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Environmental manipulation, close observation and monitoring of vital signs, front loading dose of benzodiazepines are essential for preventing the occurrence of Delirium tremens during detoxication period.

The drugs Toxi-sorb and Lecithin in the rations of steers on fattening and the effectiveness of their use

The industrial technology of steers for meat fattening implies an increase in the proportion of local feed products in the ration of fattened animals to reduce the prime-cost of meat products. However, there is a problem of compliance with the ecological purity of the beef produced. After all, in the presence of environmental pollution factors with various toxins of chemical origin, there is a risk of their ingestion with feed, which is associated with contamination of meat products produced by them. The purpose of the research was to study the drugs Toxi-sorb and Lecithin in the rations of fattened steers and the eff ectiveness of their use. Under the conditions of the south of Russia the expediency of using joint additives in the rations of fattened steers of the adsorbent Toxi-sorb and phospholipid Lecithin for detoxifi cation of heavy metals in order to intensify metabolic processes, increase beef productivity, consumer qualities of beef was justifi ed. It was found as a result of research that in order to increase beef productivity, consumer qualities of beef and the profi tability of its production (in the presence of excessive amounts of heavy metal salts in feed) the adsorbent Toxi-sorb in the dose of 1,25 kg/t of compound feed and Lecithin in the dose of 10 g/100 kg of live weight should be included in the rations of fattening steers. During the production trial the fattened steers of the experimental group surpassed the steers of the control group in absolute and average daily live weight gains by 10,11 %. Taking into account the higher growth–stimulating eff ect of the joint additives of the tested drugs the best feed to product conversion rate was for the steers of the experimental group, which did intake by 9,78 % less EFU and by 9,86 % less digestible protein to obtain 1 kg of gain than the control steers.

“TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM [PTP] ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING DIGITAL DETOXIFICATION AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED JUNIOR COLLEGES”.

Our day to day life has moulded immensely because of the introduction to technology. It has become faster, dynamic and more comfortable. It is difcult to imagine our life without the use of technology, the way we use our digital devices continuously, might disturbs our life balance that's why digital detox concept has arisen. Digital detox refers to a period of time when a person refrains from using tech devices such as smartphones, televisions, computers, tablets, and social media sites. Worse, than that constant connection can also take a toll on your quality of life and overload your senses. That's why taking a break from your numerous digital devices and having knowledge of digital detox could help be good for your mental and physical health. The objectives were to identify the knowledge regarding digital detoxication, to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding digital detoxication. And nd out an association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding digital detoxication with selected socio demographic variable among students in selected junior colleges. The research approach used for the study was quantitative evaluative survey approach, A Quasi-experimental, one group Pre-test Post-test design was used, which consisted a group of 60 samples who were selected by using Systematic sampling technique. Data was collected by using Socio Demographic Variables and Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding Digital Detoxication. The result shows that in the pre-test majority of samples 46(76.67%) had poor knowledge, 16(32%) had average knowledge, 0(00%) had good knowledge score whereas in Post- test 41(68.33%) had good knowledge, 19 (31.67%) had average knowledge and 0(00%) had poor knowledge. There was a highly signicant difference in the mean scores between pre-test knowledge score and post-test knowledge scores regarding digital detoxication. In this present study, there was signicant association found between pre-test knowledge score with their socio demographic variables. The calculated values were higher than tabulated values like Father's education, Mother's education, Duration of using internet and Purpose of using internet, There was signicant association between Pre-test knowledge score with their selected socio- demographic variable. Interpretation And Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of students were having poor knowledge regarding digital detoxication and planned teaching program helped students to gain knowledge regarding digital detoxication and utilize that knowledge to be a healthy wellbeing.

NALTREXONE AS A TREATMENT FOR HEROIN DEPENDENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DEPRESSION

BACKGROUND- our study was aimed to know does Naltrexone used in opioid-dependent patient has any relation with the onset of depression. METHOD- Naltrexone was given to 30 opioid-dependent patients who had undergone inpatient detoxication with no underlying psychiatric comorbidity at baseline. HAM-D was applied at 2,4,6 weeks post Naltrexone initiation. RESULTS: Our study showed that at 2 weeks, 60% of patients showed depressive symptoms out of which 37% met the criteria for mild depressive disorder and 23% met the criteria for moderate to severe depression. At 4 and 6 weeks, majority continued to be depressive while only 3% of the patients showed improvement in depressive features. CONCLUSION: From our study, we concluded that a positive correlation was found between Naltrexone and Depression in Opioid users

Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to allelopathic effects of Conyza canadensis.

The molecular mechanisms underlying allelopathy and their role in the interactions between invasive weeds and native species remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the physiological and molecular response of plant roots of a native species to allelopathy from an invasive weed. We examined the growth and development of roots of native Arabidopsis thaliana for a 2-week period after being treated with aqueous extracts at different concentrations from invasive Conyza canadensis. Extracts with higher concentration in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media (i.e., 4 mg of extract/mL of MS) significantly affected the root growth of A. thaliana. Roots of A. thaliana displayed weakened root tip activity and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to extracts from C. canadensis. The transcriptome analysis of A. thaliana roots exposed to phytotoxicity revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall formation, abiotic stress, transporter genes and signal transduction. We found that genes associated with nutrient transport, such as major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and amino acid permease (AAP3) transporters as well as genes involved in stress response, including leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) were down-regulated. In addition, we found that many transcription factors associated with plant stress (such as APETALA2/ethylene response factors) were up-regulated while others (e.g., zinc-finger proteins) were down-regulated. Allelochemicals from C. canadensis also induced the up-regulation of detoxification (DTX) genes, ROS related genes, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) and calmodulin. Overall, our findings provided insights into allelopathy in C. canadensis at the molecular level, and contributes to our understanding of invasion mechanisms of alien plant species. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: This study does not contain any studies with clinical trials performed by any of the authors.

Оценка микробного пейзажа и показателей цитопротекции толстого кишечника у больных с хроническими запорами

Актуальность. В статье рассматриваются вопросы хронических запоров. Показаны результаты собственных исследований, в которых определялось содержание короткоцепочечных жирных кислот (КЖК) в кале и состояние микробиоценоза у пациентов до и на фоне лечения препаратом Изиду. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 10 больных в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет с хроническим запором, от которого они страдали около 10 лет. Пациенты принимали комплексное слабительное средство Изиду по 3 капсулы в сутки. С целью оценки содержания КЖК и микробного пейзажа больным (6 женщин, 4 мужчины) дважды — до приема препарата Изиду и через 2 недели после его приема — проведено исследование кала. Определение КЖК осуществляли методом хроматографического исследования с использованием аппаратно-программного комплекса для медицинских исследований на базе газового хроматографа «Хроматэк-Кристалл 5000». Результаты. Выявлено существенное повышение содержания в кале КЖК и снижение содержания лактобактерий до начала лечения. После лечения содержание уксусной кислоты достоверно снизилось в 3,9 раза до среднего значения (0,011 ± 0,005) мкл/мл (р < 0,05). Содержание масляной кислоты у 90 % пациентов было существенно повышено по сравнению с контролем и отмечалось на уровне 0,018–0,131 мкл/мл, среднее значение составляло (0,0499 ± 0,004) мкл/мл, что было достоверно выше контрольных показателей (р < 0,001). После лечения наблюдалось увеличение содержания масляной кислоты до (0,061 ± 0,003) мкл/мл (р < 0,05). После применения препарата Изиду у 60 % пациентов состав микрофлоры кишечника улучшался, существенно повысилось содержание микроорганизмов рода Lactobacillus (105 КОЕ/г фекалий), показатели содержания других микроорганизмов были в диапазоне контрольных значений. Выводы. Отмечено значительное повышение фракций КЖК в кале у больных с хроническими запорами в начале наблюдения. Лечение комплексным препаратом Изиду привело к достоверному увеличению содержания масляной кислоты в кале (р < 0,05), что имеет положительное прогностическое значение и свидетельствует об активизации защитных, детоксикационных и цитопротекторных эффектов.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PAKSHAGHATA (CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT) A CASE STUDY

Stroke represents the third most common cause of death in developed nations and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Stroke is dened as the rapid onset of focal neurological decit resulting from cerebral vasculature and its contents. This disease has posed a great problem to the medical eld as far as its treatment is concerned. There is a wealth of information available on the cause, prevention, risk, and treatment of stroke. Even then much, less is known about the treatment of the stroke, there is no any satisfactory and widely acceptable measure for the stroke. The present article deals with the diagnosed case of hemorrhagic stroke presenting with right sided hemiplegia, Right basal ganglia bleed with epsilateral minimal midline shift. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of vama pakshaghata and managed with Virechana Karma (Detoxication therapy), Manjishtadi khseera basti (Administration of a medicated colloidal solution through rectum), Pratimarsha Nasya (Instillation of medicated oil through nasal route). Assessment was made before and after the treatment using National Institute of Health Score Scale (NIH-SS). Maximum improvement was noticed in the symptoms of aphasia and dysarthria. There was also improvement in the left upper and lower extremity functions. At the end of the treatment patient could walk without support. Panchakarma play a pivotal role in the management of stroke/ Pakshaghata. The recuperation was assuring and worth documenting.

Responses of the antioxidative enzymes of few Sub1 rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes to prolonged submergence stress in Odisha

The present experiment was conducted in Department of Plant physiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during kharif 2017 and kharif 2019 to screen out the NILs rice genotypes for submergence adaptation traits under coastal regions of Odisha. The potential involvement of activated oxygen species by submergence stress was studied in twenty rice genotypes; thirteen sub1 NILs, two tolerant checks with six susceptible checks. These rice genotypes were subjected to 17 days of complete submergence. Under 17 days of complete submergence and after the submergence, the genotypes IR-85086-Sub 33 -3-2-1 and IR-88760-Sub 93-3-3 showed lower lipid Peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and also showed lower levels of ACC Oxidase activity (AAO) and presented higher activities of antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POX) when compared to the susceptible checks. The levels of SOD activity indicated that detoxification of O2 - to H2O2 was maintained at a stable level throughout the submergence stress until up to 17 days in tolerant genotypes. These findings suggested that tolerance to submergence stress in rice might be proven by increased the capacity of antioxidative system. In addition, SOD and CAT activity has much higher affinity for scavenging H2O2 than POX. The present study evaluated thirteen pairs of Sub1 near-isogenic lines (NILs) together with FR13A and other check genotypes in pot culture conditions to assess the survival and growth processes occurring during submergence and recovery that are associated with Sub1.

Comparison of Quality Of Life in Thalassemia Major Patients with Injectable and Oral Iron Depletion

Background: One of the reasons that reduce the satisfaction and quality of life in thalassemia is the injection of iron-depleting drugs that always cause complications in these people. But with the advent of oral detoxification drugs are predicted, this problem has improved to some extent. given that this province is one of the regions with the highest prevalence of thalassemia in Iran. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the quality of life in major thalassemia patients receiving oral and injectable iron depleting drugs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic (Prospective) study was performed during a one-year period (2017-2018) in Ali Asghar Hospital of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Demographic information of patients was extracted through history as well as information in their files and recorded in information forms. EQ5D questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results: the quality of life score is significantly higher in Patients receiving oral treatment than injecting patients. (p-value:0.02) The issue is also true in terms of the degree of health of patients in both groups. (p-value:0.03) According to the study variables comparison of quality of life score and health status of patients between the two groups receiving injectable and oral iron deprivation, showed that in females, age group less than 15 years and patients with poor acceptance, the degree of health in the group receiving oral decontamination was higher than injectable decontamination. Conclusion: Quality of life in patients with thalassemia treated with oral iron depletion is higher than patients receiving injectable iron depletion treatment, and in females, age group less than 15 years, and patients with poor acceptance, this difference is significant.

Individualised cognitive behaviour therapy in patients of substance use disorders: three case studies.

The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of patients with substance use disorders. Three diagnosed patients with substance use disorders were recruited -i.e. 305.20 (F12.10) cannabis used disorder, 291.81 (FI0.239) alcohol withdrawal disorder and 292.0 (F11.23) opioid withdrawal disorder, respectively. The patients were detoxified and individual treatment plan was formulated on the basis of CBT. The CBT therapeutic outcomes were evaluated on the basis of pre- and post-assessment scores. Results indicate that CBT worked effectively in one-on-one session. CBT effectively worked to manage patients' anger, craving, stress, sleep hygiene and assertive behaviour. It is concluded that CBT is an effective approach to deal with patients' anger, stress, craving, sleep and assertive behaviour.

Techniques Galore: How to Select the Best One to Detoxify Contaminants?

Techniques Galore: How to Select the Best One to Detoxify Contaminants?

Test of antimicrobial activity of morpholine 2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl) -4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilthio) acetate (BKP-115) by experimental model of pancreatitis in rats

The purpose of this research was to study the anti-inflammatory properties of morpholine 2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl) -4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio) acetate (BKP-115) in intramuscular and intragastric introduction on the model of experimental pancreatitis in rats. Determination of the anti-inflammatory activity of the substance morpholine 2- (5- (3-fluorophenyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio) acetate was performed on 68 male rats with a starting weight of 180-200 g, which were kept in standard vivarium conditions. Since the main chain of pathogenesis of AP is the activation and influence of proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas, the toxic-infectious model was chosen – the introduction of trypsin into the tissue of the pancreas. The introduction of trypsin in animals resulted in pancreatitis with endogenous intoxication, inflammation of the tissue of the pancreas and violation of the liver functional state. As a result, one animal died in the positive control group. Prophylactic i/g and i/v injection of the BKP-115 substance contributed to a significant reduction in the content of MAW (molecules of average weight) and CIM (circulating immune complexes) in animals from control and intact groups, indicated a decrease in the level of endogenous intoxication and detoxification properties of tested substance. The highest effectiveness of BKP-115 was registered after intragastric injection. Animals from this group had similar parameters with animals injected by “Contryven” and from intact control. Intramuscular injection of BKP-115 had therapeutic effect on experimental pancreatitis and endogenous intoxication, but it was less effective after intragastric injection and had weaker efficiency than “Contryven”.

Multimedialità e traduzione nei rapporti di Greenpeace Dirty Laundry e Panni Sporchi

The scientific investigations commissioned by Greenpeace in the context of the Detox my Fashion campaign have identified a series of toxic chemicals that are commonly used in the fashion industry and regularly discharged into public waterways. In the light of these findings, Greenpeace has challenged top fashion brands to eliminate all hazardous chemicals across their entire supply chain; moreover, it has also aimed at raising awareness at the grassroots level by expounding chemistry and toxicology concepts for the benefit of world consumers. The study focuses on the three editions of the Dirty laundry reports and also investigates their translations into Italian, entitled Panni sporchi ; the corpus, composed of source texts (STs) and their respective target texts (TTs), thus, provides material to study activist discourse not only in a monolingual perspective, but also considering its translational implications. A mixed-method approach relying on Multimodal Discourse Analysis, drawing on the literature on popularisation and building on the concept of translation as rewriting is adopted to examine the extent to which the knowledge dissemination strategies enacted in the STs are reproduced into the TTs. The findings suggest that, together with cultural and linguistic barriers, multimodality often renders translation problematic; while English-language idioms generally appear to be replaced by their Italian equivalents, their interplay with pictures often does not survive the translation process and results in the choice to relinquish pictures in favour of words. The occasional presence of anglicisms and semantic calques shows that the TTs are subject to source-language interference and further points to the fact that they present themselves as abridged and “depleted” versions of STs, that nevertheless succeed in getting the activist message across.

4-hydroxynonenal and oxidative stress in several organelles and its damaging effects on cell functions.

This review aims to describe the action sites of the oxidative stress products for 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal, on subcellular fractions of eukaryotic cells from several tissues. Described also are; the detoxification mechanisms from derivatives of 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal. All dangerous compounds for subcellular fractions are metabolites of a respiratory chain that can give stable products of oxidative compounds and are intermediates of other oxidation reaction chains. Finally, the balancing among the illustrated processes to identify the relative oxidative power of several metabolic chains useful to make evident subcellular damages or detoxification processes is discussed.

Antioxidative Response of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Namdan to Drought Stress

The endemic variety Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Namdan is one of the most important crops in the agricultural production in Nghe An province (Vietnam). Experiments were carried out to assess the adaptive capability of that soybean variety in drought condition. The oxidative stress with a burst of O2 .- and H2O2 in soybean leaves resulted the obviously cellular membrane damage that was illustrated by a continuous increase in content of products of lipid peroxidation. A high accumulation in activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and POX would detoxify the excess of O2 .- and H2O2 and decrease oxidative damages. An increase in amino acid proline's content protects the stressed cells by adjusting intercellular osmotic potential. Those results suggested the drought tolerant capability for variety Namdan.

A prospective multicenter randomized controlled study on the efficacy and safety of pharyngeal spraying recombinant human interferon alpha 2b in the treatment of children with herpangina

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharyngeal spraying recombinant human interfe-ron alpha 2b (rhIFNα2b) in the treatment of herpangina in children. Method s A prospective, multicenter, rando-mized, opened and controlled study was carried out in 11 hospitals in Anhui province from August 2018 to March 2019.According to the time of admission, 180 patients diagnosed as herpangina were prospectively and randomly divided into rhIFNα2b treatment group and Ribavirin control group.On the basis of giving both groups the heat-clearing, detoxifying and anti-infection treatment, the patients in treatment group received pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b 9 g/L saline solution[1 million IU/mL, 0.1 million IU/(0.1 mL·press)], and the patients in control group were treated by pharyngeal spraying Ribavirin (0.5 mg RBV/press, 150 press), 3 presses per time, 4 times per day, continuous administration for 5 days for both groups.Those who recovered in advance were no longer given medication.All patients were observed to fully recover.The clinical efficacy and the disappearing time of symptoms and signs between two groups were compared, and the safety of pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b for patients was evaluated. Result s All of the 180 patients completed the study, including 90 cases in the treatment group and 90 cases in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender, age, weight and course of illness before treatment between the two groups (all P>0.05), which had clinical comparability.The apparent efficiency of the treatment group [63.3% (57/90 cases)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [38.9% (35/90 cases)] and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.934, P=0.004); no significant difference in the total efficiency between the treatment group [96.7% (87/90 cases)]and the control group [92.2% (83/90 cases)]was observed (χ2=2.924, P=0.169). The duration of fever[(32.59±20.73) h vs.(45.72±26.96) h], hyperemia[(76.48±23.12) h vs.(92.44±24.31) h], herpes[(72.99±25.77) h vs.(85.09± 26.62) h], salivation[(45.44±24.96) h vs.(54.42±31.20) h] and anorexia[(62.70±23.99) h vs.(78.71±30.54) h] in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(all P 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were(7.26±1.99) ng/L and (2.42±0.73) ng/L in the treatment group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(12.09±6.39) ng/L and (7.32±11.51) ng/L](all P 0.05). The comparison on positive rate of virus in pharyngeal swab between the treatment group [65.3% (32/49 cases) and 40.6% (13/32 cases) respectively] and the control group[66.7%(36/54 cases) and 41.0% (16/39 cases), respectively]before and after therapy showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). During the treatment, no serious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.1% (1/90 cases) in the treatment group and 5.6% (5/90 cases) in the control group.In addition, the serum hemoglobin level of children in the control group after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment and that in the treatment group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with pharyngeal spraying ribavirin, pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b can greatly improve the clinical efficiency, accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms and signs, and shorten the total course of disease, and is more safe and worthy of clinical application. Key words: Herpangina; Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b; Ribavirin; Pharyngeal spraying

ECMO as a Platform for Rapid Ammonia Removal in a Neonate with Multienzyme Urea Cycle Disorder.

Since the initial deployment of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure, the use of ECMO in this population has diversified. We present a term female infant with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 and partial N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiencies who developed severe hyperammonemia refractory to medical management requiring venoarterial ECMO-driven continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration for ammonia detoxification. This case report illustrates a subpopulation where neonatal ECMO may improve survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a urea cycle defect arising from two proximal enzyme deficiencies. Also, this is one of the few reported patients with UCD associated with peak ammonia levels >2,000 μmol/L who survived to hospital discharge after the successful use of ECMO for ammonia reduction. This case will add to the existing scant literature supporting the use of ECMO as a platform for rapid removal of serum ammonia.