A novel, green, and effective strategy employing Fe3O4-modified carbon nanofibers (CNFs) combined with deep eutectic solvent (DES) is proposedas an extraction agent to extract five pesticides in edible oil samples via dual microextraction modes, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination. The Fe3O4@CNFs nanomaterial and a sequence of hydrophilic DES were prepared at first and then characterized by multiple techniques. Subsequently, the extraction performance of DES and Fe3O4@CNFs-DES was compared and Fe3O4@CNFs-DES exhibited better extraction ability. After that, several influencing parameters such as the composition of DES, the amount of Fe3O4@CNFs-DES, the dispersion methods, and the extraction time were investigated and optimized. Eventually, Fe3O4@CNFs as the solid adsorbent combined with tetrabutylammonium chloride-lactic acid-based DES as the extraction solvent were selected to extract target pesticides from oil samples. The established method received good linearity in the range 25-1000ng·g-1. The limits of detection for all analytes were in the range 2.25-7.50ng·mL-1. Satisfactory recoveries of target pesticides were obtained (ranging from 82 to 117%) with a relative standard deviation of 0.26-9.46%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the rapid detection of target pesticides in oil samples, demonstrating its great potential for quick screening and analysis.