Determination Of Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Dietary flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil supplementation affects growth, oxidative stress, immune response, and diseases resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss).

This paper describes the effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil (FSO) as a feed additive on growth performance, oxidative stress, immunity, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight-hundred-and-forty rainbow trout individuals (mean weight: 25.66±1.33g) were fed with different doses of FSO (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) ad libitum two times a day for 9 weeks. At the end of the feeding, growth performance was evaluated and the fish were challenged with two different bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila). At the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, blood and tissue samples were taken from 9 fish per treatment to evaluate innate immune response, cytokine gene expression levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels, and digestive enzyme activities. Determination of haematological parameters and histological examination was also carried out to evaluate the general health status of the fish. Results showed that the final weight and specific growth rate of FSO-supplemented fish increased significantly (p<0.05). FSO-supplemented fish showed higher resistance to Y. ruckeri than the control group (p<0.05). However, survival rates of all groups in A. hydrophila challenge test were similar (p>0.05). Among the investigated innate immune response parameters, the potential killing activity of phagocytes, myeloperoxidase activity, and lysozyme activity increased in the FSO-supplemented groups (p<0.05). Almost all cytokine gene expression levels in the experimental groups up-regulated especially after 9 weeks of feeding in the head kidney and intestine (p<0.05). Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were found to be significantly higher in the FSO group than in the control (p<0.05) whereas, the lipid peroxidation levels drastically declined as a result of the FSO supplementation (p<0.05). These results suggest that FSO can improve growth, enhance immune response, and lower oxidative damage in rainbow trout when supplemented at the rates of 0.5-1.5% for 9 weeks.

Evaluation of the effect of wheat germ meal on the development of laboratory mice

Nowadays, dietary supplements are increasingly used in livestock feeding, which are a valuable source of biologically active substances necessary for their full growth and development, maintaining the body’s resistance and preventing numerous diseases. The most common components are proteins, vitamins and carotenoids. Thus, the relevance of scientific research is to experimentally determine the effectiveness of the newly developed product with a multicomponent composition on the functional state of the animal body. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the new product, the dietary supplement “Wheat germ meal” on the behaviour, growth rate, and morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of white mice. The material of the study was nonlinear white mice in the amount of 60 heads. The supplement was fed to mice for 60 days. A set of methods was used, including: an assessment of the microclimate of the laboratory animal housing, the condition of tap water for drinking mice, an assessment of their general behaviour, and a determination of haematological parameters. It was proved that during the experiment, the microclimate of the room in which the laboratory animals were kept and the indicators of tap water for their drinking corresponded to the requirements of current regulations. It is substantiated that the examined additive increases the body weight of white mice and their average daily weight gain. Therewith, the weight of the internal organs of the experimental group (thymus, thyroid gland, kidneys, liver, lacrimal gland) remained unchanged. It has been established that the component composition of the supplement affects the morphological parameters of the blood of white mice, namely, it increases the haemoglobin content, the number of red blood cells and the value of haematocrit. No changes were observed in the blood leukogram of mice. An increase in the content of total protein and globulins in the blood serum of white mice was established. A decrease in the albumin content and an increase in the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred within the reference values for white mice. The materials of the research are of practical value for the possibility of using the examined dietary supplement in domestic animals to increase muscle strength, improve growth and development, and strengthen the immune system

The Frequency and Importance of Hematological Parameters in Reactive and Clonal Thrombocytosis

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of reactive and clonal thrombocytosis based on age, sex, clinical findings, and severity of thrombocytosis. We also highlight the determination of hematological parameters for the diagnosis of these disorders required the management of thrombocytosis to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate.&#x0D; Methods: This descriptive experimental study was conducted in the Diagnostic and Research laboratory, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah and department of Pathology, from July 2017 to June 2018. Total 325 patients including 260 patients with reactive thrombocytosis and 65 patients with clonal thrombocytosis, their age ranged between 12 and 45 years and 35 to 68 years were selected. The male to female ratio were 1.5:1 and 2.5:1 while clinical history and clinical examination were noted. The blood samples were taken from all these patients for the analysis of hematological parameters by a hematological analyzer (Nihon Corden) and an iron profile performed for assessment of iron status to confirm the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. The examinations of peripheral blood smears and bone marrow smears in the case of clonal thrombocytosis seen in chronic myeloid leukemia essential for the diagnosis.&#x0D; Results: The mean ages and male to female ratio among 325 patients with reactive and clonal thrombocytosis were 28.5 + 16.5, 51.5 +16.5 and 1.5:1, 2.5:1 ratio were found in this study. The mild to moderate thrombocytosis were found in reactive thrombocytosis while moderate to severe thrombocytosis was detected in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.&#x0D; Conclusions: The frequency of thrombocytosis was higher in clonal thrombocytosis than the reactive type.

Clinical and hematological parameters of calves in biogeochemical conditions of the Astrakhan region

The importance of trace elements in the nutrition of young farm animals is extremely high, since they participate in the regulation of basic physiological processes, and also serve as activators of enzymes of structural elements. In order to achieve good growth and development indicators of young cattle, it is necessary to optimize their mineral nutrition. In this regard, it is necessary to study the effect of certain mineral substances (Co, Se, I, Mn, Zn) in early postnatal ontogenesis on the clinical and hematological parameters of the body of calves.The research was carried out in 2021 on black-and-white cattle on the basis of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Astrakhan State University. Determination of the levels of trace elements in the ecosystem was carried out in the Astrakhan region. In addition, 6 heads of black-and-white cattle were selected. Samples for the study were taken from animals aged from 1 to 6 months. Determination of hematological parameters of animals was carried out on the IDEXX Laser Cyte analyzer (USA), biochemical parameters – on the IDEXX Catalist analyzer (USA).The conducted studies have shown a low level of some trace elements in the ecosystem of the Astrakhan region. The greatest amount in soil and plants contains manganese and zinc, the least – selenium. However, the lack of certain minerals in early postnatal ontogenesis does not affect the hematological parameters of the calves' body. All the studied parameters were within the limits of physiological norms, which may be associated with the long-term pathogenesis of microelementoses in animals.

Assessment of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers at petrol stations in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundPetrol is the non-specific term for petroleum which is used for inside combustion of engines. Petrol filling workers are highly vulnerable to occupational exposure to these harmful substances which lead to hemato-toxicity and blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and dysplastic bone marrow. Thus, this study was aimed to assess hematological parameters of petrol filling workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 110 study participants comprising 55 study groups and 55 controls group were recruited by a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 3 ml of venous blood was collected for the determination of hematological parameters. The data were entered into Epi info 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version of 20. Mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges were used to present the data. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the mean or median difference between parametric and non-parametric hematological parameters, respectively. Moreover, Pearson product-moment and Spearman’s rank-order bivariable correlations analyses were used to describe the correlation between hematological parameters and duration of exposure to petrol. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study revealed that mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin level as well as the median hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, absolute lymphocytes count, and red cell distribution width values of petrol filling workers showed a significant increment compared with the control group. On the other hand, the mean cell hemoglobin value of petrol filling workers showed a significant decrement compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the duration of exposure to petrol showed a significant positive correlation with red blood cell count and mean cell hemoglobin concentration; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with mean cell volume.ConclusionThis study showed that the majority of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers showed an increment compared with healthy controls which might be associated with exposure to petrol chemicals. However, further longitudinal study with a larger sample size should be conducted to explore the impact of petrol exposure on hematopoiesis.

Haematology of &lt;i&gt;Heterobranchus longifilis&lt;/i&gt; fingerlings fed different dietary levels of &lt;i&gt;Leucaena leucocephala&lt;/i&gt; leaf meal

This study evaluated the haematological parameters of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings fed different dietary levels of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal. Five hundred (500) H. longifilis fingerlings of mean weight 6.56g ± 0.47 were randomly distributed into treatment tanks and fed twice a day at 3% body weight for 36 weeks. Experimental diets were compounded with each diet containing 10% (SW10), 20% (SW20), 30% (SW30) and 40% (SW40) inclusion of L. leucocephala leaf meal whereas fishmeal based diet (SWC) and commercial diet (SWCF) served as control. The determination of haematological parameters followed standard procedures. Results obtained showed that SWC and SWCF were significantly high (P 0.05). The haematological result revealed that fish fed diet containing 20% L. leucocephala leaf meal inclusion level did not adversely affect the blood parameters of H. longifilis fingerlings. Key Words : Blood parameters, nutrition, leaf meal, plant protein, Leucaena leucocephala, Heterobranchus longifilis

Comparative Studies Ascorbic Acid and Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces against Heat-Stress Inclusion in Broiler Chicken

This study was done to investigate the effect of inclusion of ascorbic acid (AA) and Hibiscus sabdariffa in broiler chicken feed on haematological and oxidative stress parameters during the hot-dry season. Sixty day old chicks were used for the experiment, and were assigned to three dietary treatments with 20 birds per treatment and four replicate in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with no supplements, treatment 11 was supplemented with AA at the rate of 500 mg/kg in feed and treatment 111 had Hibiscus sabdariffa at the rate of 2.5 % inclusion rate in feed. On the last day of the experiment half of the birds were randomly selected from each dietary group and blood sample (2 ml) was obtained through the wing web and divided into 2 parts; one for determination of haematological parameters while the second part was centrifuged and the resultant serum harvested and stored. The results indicated that the values of PCV, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte count obtained in T1 were all significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the recorded corresponding value in T2 and T3. The recorded values of malondialdehyde obtained in T1 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the values recorded in T2 and T3 while the values of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the obtained values in T2 and T3. The fragiligram was shifted more to the left in T3 than the other 2 treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion dietary supplementation of AA and Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler chicken. It is thus recommended that Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces in the diets at the rate of 2.5 % could provide ameliorative effect against heat stress in broiler chicken during the hot-dry season.

Hypolipidaemic and haematological evaluation of the hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidaemia and haematological disorders which lead to cardiovascular complications and anaemia respectively. In this study, hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa was evaluated for its hypolipidaemic and haematological effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment was done orally using 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg of F. glumosa extract (FGE) with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) as standard reference drug for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood collected through direct heart puncture was used for evaluation of serum lipid profile and determination of haematological parameters. Organosomatic index evaluation of the liver, spleen and kidney was also done using standard procedures. All doses of the extract and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the treated rats when compared with the control group. The extract and glibenclamide produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the treated rats. The extract (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the treated rats when compared to the negative control group. However, FGE (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value of the treated rats. FGE (125 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the organosomatic index of kidney in treated rats. The results suggest that F. glumosa may be of help in diabetes-induced anaemia and dyslipidaemia associated with diabetes mellitus.

Effect of oral L-carnitine administration on haemato-biochemical parameters of camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Six mature healthy camels were divided into two equal groups, where camels of first group served as control and kept on basal diet without feed additives and camels of second group were kept on oral L-carnitine (3g/day) for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight gained was calculated and whole blood was used for determination of haematological parameters and harvested sera were used for estimation of serum biochemistry. The present findings revealed that, the body weight gain in L-carnitine treated camel was comparable to the control untreated group. There were significant increase in the mean values of total leucocyte count (TLC) (18.1 ± 1.0 109/L) and neutrophils per cent (11.0 ± 1.0%) in L-carnitine treated camels as compared to that of control group where these values were 15.0 ± 0.5 109/L and 7.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. Biochemical analysis of serum revealed non-significant changes of all examined parameters. The examined oral dose of L-carnitine was immune-supportive and did not affect weight gain and biochemistry of dromedary camels. Unlike other animal species, this dose of L-carnitine did not affect lipid profile of dromedary camels.

Chronic khat (Catha edulis) and alcohol marginally alter complete blood counts, clinical chemistry, and testosterone in male rats

IntroductionKhat (Catha edulis) is a recreational psychoactive drug with psychostimulant properties. While the use of this drug is widespread in eastern Africa, including the Horn of Africa, surveys and anecdotal data show that its use has become cosmopolitan, with users now living in Europe and North America as well. Recent data in Uganda suggest an increasing pattern of simultaneous khat and ethanol use particularly among young adults. However, the effects of this pattern of use remain largely unknown, even though long-term use of either drug alone is known to be harmful. The aim of this study was to examine the toxic effects of simultaneous chronic administration of khat and ethanol on hematological parameters, clinical chemistry, and testosterone in a rat model.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of six dose groups: 2 g/kg khat; 4 g/kg khat; 4 g/kg ethanol; combined khat and ethanol (4 g/kg each); control; and an untreated group. Treatments were given by gavage twice daily for 28 days, followed by determination of hematological parameters, blood clinical chemistry, and testosterone.ResultsEthanol alone significantly reduced platelet counts compared to control-, untreated and low-dose khat-treated rats; conversely low-dose khat significantly increased both the hemoglobin and hematocrit values, while ethanol alone also significantly increased the hemoglobin value compared to controls. Simultaneous khat and ethanol administration per se did not produce more toxic consequences in chronic use than either drug alone.ConclusionChronic short-term khat use and ethanol dependence individually produce noteworthy effects on the blood, but not on clinical chemistry or testosterone. Chronic short-term combined khat and ethanol use does not produce more toxic effects compared to use of either drug alone. This provides an opportunity for appropriate clinical interventions to avert the chronic long-term effects that result from use of these drugs of abuse.

Effect of 1-O-Alcylglycerols from sea hydrobionts on the metabolic status of rats with alimentary dyslipidemia

Objective: Sea hydrobionts are a rich source of biologically active lipid compounds. Search for new biologically active substances to determine their pharmacological effectiveness is of current interest.Background: In recent interest held pharmaceuticals from marine hydrobionts containing 1-O-alkyl-diacylglycerol (ADG). Significant amounts of ADG found in the tissues of some marine organisms of Pacific ocean - squid Berryteuthis magister (up to 50% in the lipids of the liver), crab Paralithodes camtschatica (10% lipids of the hepatopancreas). This makes it possible to use these aquatic animals as new sources of dietary supplements. In rats with alimentary dyslipidemia (DLP) examined the effect of nature 1-O-alkyl-glycerol (AG) on the metabolism of lipids, the state of the hepatobiliary, antioxidant systems and hematological parameters of blood.Method: Alimentary model DLP caused high-fat diet of beef fat and cholesterol. Were injected AG in rats with DLP a dose of the 0.4 g/kg for 30 days. 1-O-alkyl-glycerol were obtained by hydrolysis of the lipids of the liver ADG squid Berryteuthis magister. Biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and liver enzymes measured in blood serum. Investigated the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood plasma, the activity of catalase in erythrocytes, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity, glutathione (GSH) lever. The content of initial and final products of lipid peroxidation – hydroperoxides of lipids (HPL), malondialdehydes (MDA) in the blood were investigated. Determination of hematological parameters is carried out on «Abacus» (USA). Statistical significance of differences was calculated by Student's t-test.Results: Introduction AG resulted in a reduction in triglycerides in the blood serum of rats by 24.2% compared with rats with DLP (p &lt;0.05), increase in HDL-C by 63% (p &lt;0.001). There was an increase in blood glucose concentration by 21.3% (p &lt;0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) activity by 30% (p &lt;0.05), ALT – 24% (p &lt;0.001) compared with rats with DLP. After use AG in rats showed an increase in the activity of catalase, reduction of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma. Showed normalization of the TAA and the trend to reduce the concentration of MDA. In the glutathione-redox system under the influence of AG increased activity GR, GP, GSH levels. After use AG an increase in the total number of red blood cells in the blood by 40% (p &lt; 0,001), total hemoglobin by 38% (p &lt; 0.001), platelet count by 30% (p &lt; 0.001 ), lymphocytes - 43% (p &lt; 0.001), blood clotting time increased by 57%.Conclusion: The study showed that the use of AG causes increased protective functions - hematopoietic, immune-stimulating and antioxidant. These data suggest the widespread use of AG from lipid liver squid Berryteuthis magister in rehabilitation practice of various pathologies.Keywords: natural 1-O-alkyl-lglycerols, dislipidemia, metabolic status

PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS, FUNÇÃO RENAL E HEPÁTICA DE CÃES DA RAÇA DOGUE ALEMÃO EM CRESCIMENTO SUPERALIMENTADOS

An adequate diet is important and nutritional errors may lead to irrevocable consequences. Nowadays, obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, with a prevalence of 16%. In dogs, the level of physical activity, diet composition, food taste, and lifestyle are the most important factors which contribute to obesity. This study was carried out in order to assess the effects of overfeeding on clinical biochemistry and hematology of healthy puppies. Fourteen male Great Dane dogs at 10 weeks of age were studied during 27 weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments, seven replications, and six months of duration. Treatments were made up of super premium diet given ad libitum (GI) (treatment 1) and restrictedly (GII) (treatment 2). The evaluation of blood and urinary biochemistry as well as the determination of hematological parameters were carried out. It was concluded that overfed puppies revealed seric elevations of alpha1 globulin, and lower values of beta globulin, gamma globulin, ALT, ALP, and creatinine. In blood evaluation, higher values of lymphocytes and lower values in the erythrogram were observed. The urinary protein:urinary creatinine value did not reveal any difference between treatments. KEYWORDS: Ad libitum feed; biochemical parameters; canine animal; hematological parameters.

Estimating measurement uncertainty in quantitative methods not based on chromatography for doping control purposes

Estimation of measurement uncertainty (MU) for quantitative results is a requirement of ISO/IEC17025. This concept is well established for chromatographic methods in doping control and forensic analysis. For non-chromatographic methods, however, very few practical methodologies have been published. In this paper, the applicability of a top-down model, established for estimating uncertainty in chromatography, was evaluated for two other methodologies with different sets of raw data as a starting point. The first case study involves the estimation of MU for the determination of haematological parameters. In this case, a large data set of quality control material and proficiency testing results was available to establish MU. The second case study involves the estimation of MU for the recently approved method for the determination of human growth hormone misuse. In this case the amount of data available to establish MU was limited to results from method validation and a basic set of analysis data. In both cases a methodology based upon long-term bias, long-term imprecision and--eventually--a correction for standard impurity is proposed. The proposed methodology can be regarded as a dynamic procedure, which allows re-evaluation of MU on a regular basis. Finally, a concept for the verification and evaluation of MU estimations using proficiency testing results is proposed.

Allopurinol Prevents Erythrocyte Deformability Impairing but Not the Hematological Alterations After Limb Ischemia–Reperfusion in Rats

The measurement of red blood cell deformability provides a possible method for detecting the effect of ischemia–reperfusion on erythrocytes. In our study the effect of 1-h ischemia–reperfusion with or without allopurinol pretreatment on hematological parameters and red blood cell deformability was investigated in a follow-up experiment of 26 male CD outbred rats that were subjected to unilateral hind-limb ischemia by microvascular clips on femoral vessels for 1 h (IR, n = 6), some rats received allopurinol pretreatment under the same conditions (50 mg/kg, AP + IR, n = 8), others were subjected to sham operation (n = 6), and the rest of animals served as control (n = 6). Measurement of erythrocyte deformability using a bulk filtrometer with special setting of cell suspension hematocrit (1%), and determination of hematological parameters were performed daily for one week. In the IR group, relative cell transit time increased significantly on postoperative days 1 and 2, which was not observed in the other groups. Settings for the measurement of erythrocyte deformability by reducing the blood sample volume gave the possibility of monitoring the resulting changes in rats. Mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin, platelet count, and platelet volume were higher in the IR and AP + IR groups than in the other groups. In summary, short-term ischemia and reperfusion induced lower red blood cell deformability in the early postoperative period, which could be prevented by allopurinol pretreatment.

Phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity and haematologic changes in Down's syndrome patients.

Assays of neutrophil phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity and determination of haematological parameters were performed on 12 trisomic 21 probands without any clinical or biological symptom of other evolutive disease. Haematological studies showed the two main classical abnormalities: the existence of a macrocytosis and an enhanced lymphocyte count. Of interest are the very reduced rates of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity found in granulocytes from these patients. This defect in protein phosphatase can be considered as an additional enzymatic change extending the list of modified factors recognized at molecular and cellular levels in subjects whose risk of leukaemia is significantly increased.

Reproducibility of hematological parameters: Manual versus automated method

Background: The automated hematology analyzer has replaced the traditional manual assay methods and eye count for determination of hematological parameters. Recently, they are widely used in laboratories and hospitals for counting of blood cells necessary for diagnosis and monitoring treatment of various disorders. Objective: To compare the blood count results of automated hematology analyzer with the traditional manual method in the determination of some hematological parameters. Methodology: A total of 100 samples were randomly selected from samples received at the reception of hematology laboratory in June 2014. The anticoagulated blood was collected and subjected to analysis of hematological parameters by automated hematology analyzer (Swelab Alfa) and standard manual methods. Results: The mean hematocrit, total white cell and platelets count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes percentages by manual method were 37.5 ± 7.2%, 7.2 ± 3.7 × 10 9 /L, 244.8 ± 171.8 × 10 9 /L, 53.8 ± 16.0%, and 41.8 ± 28.2%, respectively while that by automation were 37.2 ± 7.3%, 7.9 ± 6.1 × 10 9 /L, 278.1 ± 162.0 × 10 9 /L, 52.6 ± 16.0%, and 41.0 ± 14.3%, respectively. Whereas the mean platelets count was significantly (P 0.05) and this remained so in male gender. The Pearson correlation test showed a positive significant (P < 0.05) correlation between both methods even after gender stratification. Conclusion: Automated analyzers can be used in all laboratories to provide quick and accurate results for patient care. However, it should be accompanied by microscopic blood film examination to provide confirmatory and additional useful diagnostic information.