Determination Of Blood Type Research Articles

Blood Group Detection by Using Fingerprint

Before performing blood transfusions in severe situations, blood group detection is necessary. It is done before a blood transfusion in an emergency or when checking a person's blood group for donation. Currently, lab personnel perform tests manually in the laboratory. This takes time and may result in human mistake when determining blood type. The goal of the study survey is to use image processing to reduce the amount of physical labor required to identify blood groups. The presence or absence of agglutination reaction of blood with antigen will be used to determine the blood group

Disparities in ABO blood type determination across diverse ancestries: a systematic review and validation in the All of Us Research Program.

ABO blood types have widespread clinical use and robust associations with disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the portability and suitability of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) used to determine ABO alleles and blood types across diverse populations in published literature. Bibliographic databases were searched for studies using tSNPs to determine ABO alleles. We calculated linkage between tSNPs and functional variants across inferred continental ancestry groups from 1000 Genomes. We compared r2 across ancestry and assessed real-world consequences by comparing tSNP-derived blood types to serology in a diverse population from the All of Us Research Program. Linkage between functional variants and O allele tSNPs was significantly lower in African (median r2 = 0.443) compared to East Asian (r2 = 0.946, P = 1.1 × 10-5) and European (r2 = 0.869, P = .023) populations. In All of Us, discordance between tSNP-derived blood types and serology was high across all SNPs in African ancestry individuals and linkage was strongly correlated with discordance across all ancestries (ρ = -0.90, P = 3.08 × 10-23). Many studies determine ABO blood types using tSNPs. However, tSNPs with low linkage disequilibrium promote misinference of ABO blood types, particularly in diverse populations. We observe common use of inappropriate tSNPs to determine ABO blood type, particularly for O alleles and with some tSNPs mistyping up to 58% of individuals. Our results highlight the lack of transferability of tSNPs across ancestries and potential exacerbation of disparities in genomic research for underrepresented populations. This is especially relevant as more diverse cohorts are made publicly available.

Impact of fucosyltransferase 1-mediated epidermal blood group antigen H on anti-inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis.

The presence of the blood group H2 antigen on the membrane of red blood cells determines blood type O in individuals and this H2 antigen serves as a precursor to the A and B antigens expressed in blood types A and B, respectively. However, the specific involvement of ABH antigens in skin diseases is unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the expression of ABH antigens in skin tissue of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and MC903-induced AD-like mice. We demonstrated that the expression of ABH antigen is primarily located in the granular and horny layers of the skin in healthy control individuals. However, in patients with AD, the expression of the ABH antigen was absent or diminished in these layers, while the H2 antigen expression increased in the spinous layers of the affected skin lesions. Then, we investigated the biological function of blood group H antigen mediated by fucosyltransferase 1 (Fut1) in the skin, utilizing an AD mouse model induced by MC903 in wild-type (WT) and Fut1-knockout mice. After the application of MC903, Fut1-deficient mice, with no H2 antigen expression on their skin, exhibited more severe clinical signs, increased ear swelling, and elevated serum IgE levels compared with those of WT mice. Additionally, the MC903-induced thickening of both the epidermis and dermis was more pronounced in Fut1-deficient mice than that in WT mice. Furthermore, Fut1-deficient mice showed a significantly higher production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 in skin lesions compared with that of their WT counterparts. The expression of chemokines, particularly Ccl2 and Ccl8, was notably higher in Fut1-deficient mice compared with those of WT mice. The infiltration of CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells into the lesional skin was significantly elevated in Fut1-deficient mice compared with that in WT mice. These findings demonstrate the protective role of H2 antigen expression against AD-like inflammation and highlight its potential therapeutic impact on AD through the regulation of blood group antigens.

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) impact on blood safety compared to Immunoassays in blood banks: A Review

Blood transfusions are fundamental to clinical procedures; however, many people worldwide cannot access safe blood. Blood product safety must be essential in each country’s national health policies. Several aspects of the blood donation process are carefully performed, including laboratory testing comprising blood type determination, antigen-antibody analyses, and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT); however, NAT is not mandatory in all countries. The traditional screening method is based on antigen-antibody binding techniques, such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), with high sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, these methods have a seroconversion window period (WP), in which antigen-antibody testing cannot detect the pathogen and has not caused any symptoms yet. NAT is a sensitive molecular method based on viral nucleic acid amplification and detection. Moreover, its use in blood banks is increasing worldwide because it narrows the window period. For example, Huang et al. in 2017 reported the detection of 22 samples reactive only by nucleic acid testing for either HIV, HBV, or HCV compared with ELISA. The present article shows how blood safety has improved by implementing NAT as a routine method for viral nucleic acid detection, highlighting the importance of this technique as evidenced by the findings presented herein. Moreover, these results are highly significant, demonstrating the relevance of NAT and advocating for its application on a global scale in blood management protocols. This development could be particularly beneficial for regions with a high viral infection prevalence, including many countries. Keywords: Nucleic acid amplification, Immunoassay, viral infection, blood bank.

Blood Grouping by Seed Extract: An Innovative Approach in Forensic Science

Background: Blood grouping is a fundamental technique in forensic science, aiding in the identification of individuals involved in criminal investigations and accidents. This research paper introduces a pioneering method that employs plant seed extracts for blood grouping, aiming to revolutionize the field by providing a novel and cost-effective approach. The context and purpose of the study revolve around addressing the limitations of traditional blood grouping methods and exploring the feasibility of utilizing natural compounds present in seeds to determine blood types accurately. The study's primary focus was to investigate the potential of various seed extracts to agglutinate or inhibit the agglutination of blood samples. By conducting extensive experiments and analyses, the research uncovered significant findings. Certain seed extracts exhibited remarkable specificity in agglutinating with distinct blood types, mimicking the reaction patterns seen in conventional blood grouping systems. Conversely, other seed extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects on agglutination, further enhancing the discriminatory power of the approach. This research thus establishes a clear correlation between seed extracts and blood types, demonstrating their potential for accurate blood grouping. Results: In summary, this paper presents a groundbreaking advancement in forensic science by proposing a new perspective on blood grouping using natural seed extracts. The technique's simplicity and cost-effectiveness make it particularly appealing for implementation in resource-constrained settings. Additionally, the ability to utilize common plant seeds found in various geographical regions enhances its practicality and accessibility. Furthermore, the results suggest that this innovative approach has the potential to complement existing blood grouping methods, providing an additional tool for forensic experts to employ. Conclusions: The implications of this research are substantial for both forensic science and criminal investigations. The proposed seed extract-based blood grouping method could substantially expedite the identification process, aiding law enforcement agencies and forensic practitioners. Moreover, its applicability in situations where traditional methods are unavailable or impractical, such as in remote locations or developing countries, underscores its significance. Overall, this study not only introduces a cutting-edge technique for blood grouping but also paves the way for future research avenues in exploring the potential of natural compounds in forensic science applications. In conclusion, this research marks a significant step forward in the realm of blood grouping techniques. The study's findings open up new possibilities for innovative approaches in forensic science and offer promising avenues for enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility in the field of blood type determination.

Increased awareness of knowledge in anticipation of health problems through socialization and blood type examination

Blood type examination is a laboratory procedure performed to determine blood type. In the pretransfusion test, the minimum blood type examination that must be done is the ABO and Rhesus system blood types. Blood type detection is done to determine the blood type in the body. The method used in this activity is the action research method with a participatory action program approach involving high school students. This community service can be achieved, namely students can understand the purpose of blood type examination and provide blood type checks so that students know their blood type has been achieved, considering the importance of individuals knowing blood type and knowing the functions and benefits of blood in the human body

Novel blood typing method by discrimination of hemagglutination and rouleaux using an erythrocyte aggregometer.

In pretransfusion blood typing, pretreatments such as centrifugation and suspension of red blood cells (RBCs) and mixing them with sufficient amounts of reagents are required, but these steps are time-consuming and costly. Aiming to develop a new blood typing method that requires no dilution and only a small amount of reagent, we attempted to determine blood type using syllectometry, an easy-to-use and rapid optical method for measuring the RBC aggregation that occurs when blood flow is abruptly stopped in a flow channel. Samples of whole blood from 20 healthy participants were mixed with antibody reagents for blood typing at mixing ratios of 2.5% to 10% and measured with a syllectometry device. Amplitude (AMP), one of the aggregation parameters, showed significant differences between agglutination and non-agglutination samples at mixing ratios from 2.5% to 10%. Although there were significant individual differences in aggregation parameters, calculation of AMP relative to that of blood before reagent mixing reduced the individual differences and enabled determination of blood type in all participants. This new method enables blood typing with a small amount of reagent, without the time-consuming and labor-intensive pretreatments such as centrifugation and suspension of RBCs.

Clinical application of ABO blood typing.

The ABO blood group is closely related to clinical blood transfusion, transplantation, and neonatal hemolytic disease. It is also the most clinically significant blood group system in clinical blood transfusion. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the clinical application of the ABO blood group. The most common ABO blood group typing methods in clinical laboratories are hemagglutination test and microcolumn gel test, while genotype detection is mainly adopted in clinical identification of suspicious blood types. However, in some cases, the expression variation or absence of blood type antigens or antibodies, experimental techniques, physiology, disease, and other factors affect the accurate determination of blood types, which may lead to serious transfusion reactions. The mistakes could be reduced or even eliminated by strengthening training, selecting reasonable identification methods, and optimizing processes, thereby improving the overall identification level of the ABO blood group. ABO blood groups are also correlated with many diseases, such as COVID-19 and malignant tumors. Rh blood groups are determined by the RHD and RHCE homologous genes on chromosome 1 and are classified as Rh negative or positive according to the D antigen., the agglutination method is often used in clinical settings, while genetic and sequencing methods are often used in scientific research. Accurate ABO blood typing is a critical requirement for the safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion in clinical practice. Most studies were designed for investigating rare Rh blood group family, and there is a lack of research on the relationship between Rh blood groups and common diseases.

Survey on Non-Invasive Blood Group Detection Using Image Processing

Detecting the blood group of people is necessary, before performing a transfusion of blood in an urgent situation or when checking a person’s blood group for donation. Presently, the tests are conducted manually by the lab personnel in the laboratory. This takes time and consequences in human error when determining blood type. This may result in loss of life or seriously affect people’s lives. To overcome this, we propose a non-invasive model using image processing and machine learning algorithms. Image processing is useful in various ways for researchers to succeed in their goals, especially in medical fields. This system displays the corresponding blood type that is A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O- in a short time. Image matching techniques like ORB are used to extract features from an image. It involves signal extraction processes, spectroscopic information, feature calculation processes, and Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal. The features extracted are given to a machine learning model to detect the blood type of a person in a short period. This method does not require mixing any antigens like A, B, and O with blood samples. This method does not use any blood samples, does not require any chemicals, and reduces human error.

Prevalence of ABO Blood Group System in Southern Babylon, Iraq

BACKGROUND: ABO blood grouping is now regarded as one of the most important immunological tests to do before numerous treatments, including clinical blood transfusion operations. The purpose of this study was to record the different blood types among the people of southern Babylon, Iraq, and compare the findings for males and females. METHODS: A total of 10,570 subjects, of which 6643 were females, and 3927 were males, were involved in this study from February 2, 2022, to June 1, 2022. The antigen-antibody agglutination test was used to determine blood type and Rh factor. For both males and females, the frequency of each kind was determined. RESULTS: The blood group O was the most common among the investigated population in all areas and among both sexes, followed by blood groups B and A, with the B group somewhat higher among females and the A slightly higher among men. The AB blood group was the least common of the four. Blood type B was prevalent in females (26.97%) compared to males (24.41%). Whereas blood type A was more prevalent in males (24.59%) compared to females (24.12%). CONCLUSIONS: Positive Rh+ (antigen D) was observed in 9492 (89.8%) of all participants, whereas Rh negative in 1078 (10.2%). Prevalence of blood O positive was more predominant in females than in males (40.77% and 28.69%, respectively). Group AB positive was more predominant in males than in females (14.8% and 7.48%, respectively).

Blood group detection using ML classifier

Determining blood types is very important during emergency situations before giving a blood transfusion. Currently, tests that are performed manually by technicians can lead to human error. As the tests are performed manually, if an inappropriate blood group is detected it can result in the death of an individual. Blood type determination in a short time and without human error is very essential. Many methods are employed which aims at determining the type of blood. The first method developed is determination of blood type using fiber optics. In this method, optical signals are fed into blood sample depending upon the optical variations of different blood groups the corresponding blood group is detected. But, this method fails to find the Rh (positive and negative) type of blood group. The second method employed is classification of blood type by microscopic images. Initially image processing is performed by histogram equalization, and then corresponding blood group is analyzed by Quantification Techniques. In this Technique, the major disadvantage lies in the inaccurate detection of agglutination. In order to avoid these disadvantages a new method Blood group detection using an ML classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed.

An Automated Method for Blood Type Determination by Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay

An Automated Method for Blood Type Determination by Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay

N-Glycomics of Human Erythrocytes.

Glycosylation is a complex post-translational modification that conveys functional diversity to glycoconjugates. Cell surface glycosylation mediates several biological activities such as induction of the intracellular signaling pathway and pathogen recognition. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane N-glycans determine blood type and influence cell lifespan. Although several proteomic studies have been carried out, the glycosylation of RBC membrane proteins has not been systematically investigated. This work aims at exploring the human RBC N-glycome by high-sensitivity MALDI-MS techniques to outline a fingerprint of RBC N-glycans. To this purpose, the MALDI-TOF spectra of healthy subjects harboring different blood groups were acquired. Results showed the predominant occurrence of neutral and sialylated complex N-glycans with bisected N-acetylglucosamine and core- and/or antennary fucosylation. In the higher mass region, these species presented with multiple N-acetyllactosamine repeating units. Amongst the detected glycoforms, the presence of glycans bearing ABO(H) antigens allowed us to define a distinctive spectrum for each blood group. For the first time, advanced glycomic techniques have been applied to a comprehensive exploration of human RBC N-glycosylation, providing a new tool for the early detection of distinct glycome changes associated with disease conditions as well as for understanding the molecular recognition of pathogens.

Blood Group Detection using Matlab

Blood group testing is one of the vital tasks in the area of medicine, in which it is very important during emergency situation before victim requires blood transfusion. Presently, the blood tests are conducted manually by laboratory staff members, which is time consuming process in the emergency situations. Blood group identification within shortest possible time without any human error is an important factor and very much essential. Image processing paves a way in determining blood type without human intervention. Images which are captured using high resolution microscopic camera during the blood slide test in the laboratory which are used for blood type evaluation. The image processing techniques which include thresholding and morphological operations are used. The blood image is separated into sample wise and blood type is decided based on the agglutination effects in those sample images. This project facilitates the identification of blood group even by common people who are unaware of the blood typing procedure.

An Efficient System for Automatic Blood Type Determination Based on Image Matching Techniques

This paper presents a fast and accurate system to determine the type of blood automatically based on image processing. Blood type determination is important in emergency situations, where there is a need for blood transfusion to save lives. The traditional blood determination techniques are performed manually by a specialist in medical labs, where the result requires a long time or may be affected by human error. This may cause serious consequences or even endanger people’s lives. The proposed approach performs blood determination in real-time with low cost using any available mobile device equipped with a camera. A total of 500 blood samples were processed in this study using different image matching techniques including oriented fast and rotated brief (ORB), scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), and speed-up robust feature (SURF). The evaluation results show that our proposed system, which adopts the ORB algorithm, is the fastest and the most accurate among the state-of-the-art systems. It can achieve an accuracy of 99.6% in an average time of 250 ms.

ABO blood groups, COVID-19 infection and mortality

BackgroundA recent study showed that the ABO gene, chr 9q34.2, which determines blood type, may affect COVID-19 disease severity, although this result has not been reproducible. A UK study of 2200 COVID-19 patients found no relationship of ABO blood type to disease severity. A Danish study identified ABO blood group as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection but not for hospitalization or death from COVID-19. AimIn the current study, we wished to analyze the relationship of ABO blood group and the ABO genetic locus to COVID-19 test positivity and mortality in subjects from the UK Biobank (UKB). MethodsABO blood type is from UKB data field 23165. Blood type was imputed for genotyped UK Biobank participants using three SNPs (rs505922, rs8176719, and rs8176746) in the ABO gene on chromosome 9q34.2. We analyzed the chromosome 9 snp rs657152 to assess the relationship of the ABO locus to COVID-19 test positivity and mortality. ResultsCOVID-19 test results (negative or positive) were not related to blood group in males (p = 0.977, two tailed Fisher exact test) or females (p = 0.548). COVID-19 outcomes (alive or died) were not related to blood group in males (p = 0.102, two tailed Fisher exact test) or females (p = 0.226). We found no significant relationship of rs657152 to COVID-19 test positivity or mortality. ConclusionWe were not able to confirm that ABO blood group influences risk of COVID-19 infection or outcome.

ABO blood type analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tobacco smoking is major risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which appears in 15-20% of smokers. Apart from smoking, exposure to polluted air and various noxae, and several genetic factors influence its development as well. The ABO blood type distribution varies among populations in the world, but also within subpopulations. A large number of studies have shown a correlation between blood types and the pathology of various diseases. These markers, used in population genetic research, have mainly shown deviations in the representation of blood groups in different diseases, compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the ABO blood types distribution in patients with COPD compared to the general population, and their possible association with COPD stage, patients? nutritional status and lung function impairment. This observational, prospective study included 150 patients (68.7% men and 31.3% women), average age 64.80 ? 8.38 years, diagnosed with COPD. Data were collected at the Clinical Center of Montenegro in Podgorica and at the Special Hospital for Lung Diseases Brezovik in Niksic. Determination of blood types of the ABO system and Rh factors for all subjects was performed at the Blood Transfusion Center in Podgorica. Apart from patients? tobacco smoking status (duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day expressed in pack/years for current smokers and former smokers), we also analyzed their exposure to various other noxae, their body mass index, and lung function in correlation to ABO blood type and Rh factor, and performed statistical analysis. We found a significant difference in the distribution of ABO blood types in patients with COPD compared to the general population. The highest frequency of blood type A was found in patients with COPD. We also found the lowest average values of spirometry parameters in that group, which represented majority of those patients with respiratory insufficiency having the most severe stage of the disease. Combined blood types A, B and were significantly more common in patients with COPD in comparison to blood type O, which is the least represented (23.3%). The least obstructive disturbance of pulmonary ventilation was found in the patients with B type. Respiratory insufficiency showed differences in gender representation, found in 40.4% of women, and in 25.2% of men with terminal phase of COPD. The prevalence of AB, higher than expected, decreases with the severity of the disease.

Approach Towards Non-Invasive Blood Type Method by Studying Optical Properties of RBC Using Double Beam Spectroscopy

In India, more than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day, and a total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year. Blood type matching is crucial for blood transfusion and blood donation. The conventional method uses blood slides, pricking needles, and blood typing kit, and takes about 15 minutes for deciding the blood group. However, in case of emergency, it is time-consuming to determine blood type using the conventional method of reagents. At blood donation camps, it is a tedious job to determine the blood group of every donor using the blood typing kit. Pricking needles and slides used can also cause infection to the person performing these tests. The main motive is to replace this tedious and time-consuming method with a non-invasive accurate and reagent free method, using an optimum wavelength light source, photo-detectors, and controller unit for decision making of blood type from output mapping or intensity matching of the scattered and transmitted wavelength from the source to detector.

A proposed method for handling an imbalance data in classification of blood type based on Myers-Briggs type indicator

Blood type still leads to an assumption about its relation to some personality aspects. This study observes preprocessing methods for improving the classification accuracy of MBTI data to determine blood type. The training and testing data use 250 data from the MBTI questionnaire answers given by 250 respondents. The classification uses the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. Without preprocessing, k-NN results in about 32 % accuracy, so it needs some preprocessing to handle data imbalance before the classification. The proposed preprocessing consists of two-stage, the first stage is the unsupervised resample, and the second is the supervised resample. For the validation, it uses ten cross-validations. The result of k-Nearest Neighbor classification after using these proposed preprocessing stages has finally increased the accuracy, F-score, and recall significantly.

“GOLDARHES” As a Digitalization Blood Type Test Device Based on Light Sensors

According to the data, high death rate among surgery patients was caused by faulty blood typing which were still manually done and high risk in human error. GOLDARHES is a device to determine blood type uses a light sensor with LDR and LED components and an Arduino microcontroller, then it showed the results on LCD. This device has never been used in Indonesian healthcare facilities. The Casing which is environmental friendly material is made of corn husk waste containing cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. In addition, the energy power of the device itself uses a charging system so that it can reduce the amount of chemical waste that is difficult to decompose. The Methods of this research is True Experimental using 100 samples of participants. The results obtained will be displayed on the LCD which is processed in less than 10 seconds. The results of this research was faster than manually test, the mean of test period was take 5 seconds and the sensitivity of the tool is 95%. Thus “GOLDARHES” can be used as an effective, accurate, and fast medical device in determining blood type.