Resistance Determinants Research Articles

Molecular and biological characterization of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients with pneumococcal meningitis

The aim of the study is to provide key characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates circulating in Russia in 2015–2020 and isolated from pneumococcal meningitis patients based on high-throughput sequencing data, including global pneumococcal sequence clusters, serotypes, virulence factors and genetic determinants of resistance, in comparison with clinical data on antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and methods. We studied 68 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis in different regions of Russia in 2015–2020. Species identification was performed taking into account the morphology of colonies on blood agar, the presence of α-hemolysis, negative catalase reaction, sensitivity to optoquine, and positive latex-agglutination results. The sensitivity of isolates to antimicrobials was determined by microdilution in broth, and sensitivity categories were determined based on borderline values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Whole genome sequencing of S. pneumoniae isolates, analysis of isolates for penicillin-binding protein signature, determination of global pneumococcal sequence clusters, MLST alleles, serotypes, sequence types and acquired resistance genes (mefA, ermB, tetM, folA/P, cat), identification of virulence genes were carried out. Results. Twenty-eight GPSCs, 45 sequence types and 27 serotypes were identified. The coverage rates of PPV-23 and PCV-13 were 78% and 59%, respectively. Serotypes 3 (18%), 19F (9%), 23F (7%) and 15B (6%) were predominant. The GPSC12 lineage (serotype 3) was predominant (43%). Lineages expressing vaccine serotypes GPSC1(19F), GPSC6(14), GPSC13(6A), GPSC904(14) and GPSC10(19F) exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance, including penicillin resistance. The resistant lineages expressing non-vaccine serotypes were GPSC230 (13) and GPSC177 (35F). In most cases, genotypic and phenotypic resistance to penicillin (increased MICs of β-lactams correlated with types of penicillin-binding proteins), erythromycin (ermB, mefA, ermB/mefA), clindamycin (ermB) and tetracycline (tetM), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (folA, folP) was found to be consistent. The virulence genes cbpG, lytA, pce/cbpE, pavA, pfbA, ply, hysA, nanA and cps4A were detected in all isolates. Zinc metalloproteinase C was detected in 13% of isolates. Conclusion. A high diversity of serotypes and lineages among pneumococcal isolates from meningitis patients was revealed. Out of the 68 S. pneumoniae isolates from patients with bacterial meningitis, more than 17% belonged to non-vaccine serotypes. The results of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance comparison were characterized by good concordance, which indicates the necessity for further study of the possibility of using whole-genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool to identify resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of pneumococci.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. Isolates from Clinical Cases of Waterfowl in Hungary Between 2022 and 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating concern in both human and veterinary medicine, particularly in the poultry sector, where antibiotic usage is substantial. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus are important pathogens in waterfowl, causing systemic infections. However, there is a significant lack of data regarding their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in waterfowl populations. This study aims to address this gap by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isolates from Hungarian waterfowl farms and evaluating resistance patterns in clinical isolates. Methods: A total of eight S. aureus and 19 Streptococcus isolates were collected from ducks and geese between 2022 and 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution method. Potential associations between MIC values were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results: High MIC values were observed for tetracyclines, phenicols, and fluoroquinolones, in the case of Streptococcus, with 89.5% of isolates exhibiting resistance to doxycycline, 63.2% to florfenicol, and in the case of S. aureus, 25.0% to enrofloxacin. In the case of Streptococcus, a strong positive correlation was identified between tylosin and tiamulin (0.88, p < 0.001), as well as between tylosin and lincomycin (0.75, p < 0.001). A moderate correlation was observed between doxycycline and spectinomycin (0.72, p = 0.03), suggesting potential co-selection mechanisms. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the necessity of continuous AMR surveillance in the waterfowl industry, particularly for multidrug-resistant strains. Understanding cross-resistance patterns is crucial for developing targeted control measures, and future studies should incorporate whole-genome sequencing to elucidate resistance determinants and co-selection mechanisms. This study highlights the potential public health and veterinary risks associated with AMR in waterfowl and reinforces the importance of responsible antibiotic use and the development of alternative therapeutic strategies in veterinary practice.

No Genomic Signatures Were Found in Escherichia coli Isolates from Camels With or Without Clinical Endometritis

Clinical endometritis is a leading cause of infertility in she-camels. We commonly isolate E. coli from camel uteri with and without endometritis during our routine diagnosis of conception failure. From an epidemiological standpoint, it is critical to know if certain E. coli genotypes and virulence factors are specifically associated with endometritis. Thus, we aimed to compare the abundance of virulence elements and genotypes in uterine E. coli from camels with and without endometritis and understand their evolution. For this investigation, we retrieved data from the genomes of 28 E. coli isolates from humans, cats, dogs, horses, cows, and birds and 14 sequenced genomes of camel uterine E. coli isolates. We found no specific E. coli genotype or virulence factor associated with endometritis. Instead, multiple genotypes and high genomic diversity were observed. Moreover, horizontal gene transfer driven by genomic islands and plasmids contributed to the genetic diversity of the isolates, resulting in the acquisition of virulence genes, metabolic characteristics, and antibiotic resistance determinants to trimethoprim, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Additionally, the phylogenetic position of the E. coli isolates from camel uteri suggests that they originated from intestinal strains. In conclusion, there was no evidence of E. coli specialization, and E. coli alone may not be able to develop endometritis, as other factors are required. Also, we elucidated the mechanism behind the diversity of the gene repertoire of E. coli isolated from camel uteri. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary origins of E. coli isolates from camel uteri.

Emergence and characterization of a ST852 Klebsiella quasipneumoniae clinical isolate coharboring blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2 in China

ObjectivesTo characterize a rare ST852 Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain co-producing NDM-1 and KPC-2 isolated from a clinical patient.MethodsMinimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured using a VITEK 2 compact system and broth microdilution. Conjugation experiments were conducted using film matings. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Antimicrobial resistance determinants were identified using the ABRicate program in the ResFinder database. Insertion sequences (ISs) were identified using ISFinder. Bacterial virulence factors were identified using a virulence factor database (VFDB). Genome function annotation and classification were further analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases. Capsular polysaccharides (KL) and lipooligosaccharides (OCL) were tested using Kleborate with the Kaptive. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and replicon types were identified using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology website. Prophage region analysis was performed using PHASTEST software. Conjugation-related elements were predicted using oriTfinder. The plasmid structure was visualized using Circos and similar plasmids in the public database were tracked using BacWGSTdb. A global phylogeny for the ST852 K. quasipneumoniae isolates was further performed.ResultsK. quasipneumoniae KPSY isolate was identified as ST852, with KL18 and O3/O3a. It has an extensive drug-resistant (XDR) profile. WGS analysis revealed that it contained one circular chromosome and three plasmids. The results of the COG and KEGG functional classifications showed that most of the functions were associated with metabolism. pKPSY-2 is a 239,226-bp IncU plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM-1. pKPSY-3 is a smaller plasmid belonging to the IncN-type conjugative plasmid with blaKPC-2. Importantly, oriT sequence, the T4SS region, T4CP, and relaxase were identified. Tracking of the blaKPC-2 plasmids showed they were identified in different species in different countries, including E. coli, Leclercia sp., Pantoea sp., and E. hormaechei. Global analysis data showed 13 ST852 strains were mainly isolated from China (84.62%, 11/13), and the remaining isolates were collected from Switzerland.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify an ST852 NDM-1-KPC-2 coproducing K. quasipneumoniae clinical isolate. Surveillance is warranted, and early detection of this high-risk clone in the clinic is recommended to avoid its extensive spread.

In Silico Characterization of Resistance and Virulence Genes in Aeromonas jandaei Strains Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus in Brazil

Understanding the genetic characteristics of Aeromonas jandaei in Brazilian aquaculture is crucial for developing effective control strategies against this fish pathogen. The present study conducted a genomic analysis of Brazilian A. jandaei strains with the objective of investigating their virulence potential and resistance profiles. Four Brazilian isolates were subjected to sequencing, and comparative genomic analyses were conducted in conjunction with 48 publicly available A. jandaei genomes. The methods employed included quality assessment, de novo assembly, annotation, and analyses of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. The results demonstrated the presence of fluoroquinolone resistance genes within the core genome. Notably, these antibiotics are not authorized for use in aquaculture in Brazil, suggesting that their resistance determinants may originate from other selective pressures or horizontal gene transfer unrelated to aquaculture practices. The analysis identified significant virulence mechanisms, including T2SS, T3SS, and notably T6SS (vgrG3 gene), which was more prevalent in Brazilian isolates. Additionally, genes associated with motility, adhesion, and heavy metal resistance were identified. These findings highlight the enhanced adaptability of Brazilian A. jandaei strains and raise concerns about antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, emphasizing the need for improved regulatory oversight and control strategies.

Escherichia coli resistant to the highest priority critically important fluoroquinolone or 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin antibiotics persist in pigsties.

Antimicrobial resistance threatens human and animal health, with antimicrobial usage being a key driver of selection, transmission, and spread of resistant bacteria. Livestock represents a potential reservoir for human transmission, leading authorities to restrict veterinary usage of fluoroquinolones and certain cephalosporins. However, growing evidence indicates that the corresponding resistance determinants can be retained even in the drugs' absence. To obtain data on the magnitude and dynamics of this phenomenon in pig farming, we quantitatively and qualitatively assessed fluoroquinolone- and cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in Thuringian pigsties practicing a closed management system to minimize the impact of externally introduced strains. Pooled fecal samples from consecutive fattening runs at one conventional and two organic farms and from 25 piglet groups from another conventional farm were collected over 16 months and screened for E. coli on plates containing enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, or cefquinome. Resistant bacteria were isolated on all farms; their counts varied strongly but were generally higher in piglets and declined with increasing animal age. Phylogenetic comparison of 393 isolates was performed via multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to follow strain dynamics and persistence. The isolates displayed large phylogenetic heterogeneity, featuring 52 different MLVA patterns. Still, conserved MLVA patterns indicated long-term persistence of specific strains in each farm's environment. This suggests that resistant strains appear well-adapted to the particular farm and its management practices, implying that, beyond restricting usage, further measures, including, e.g., consideration of the type of resistance as well as its persistence and transmission dynamics, will be indispensable to reduce the antimicrobial resistance load in pork production.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global threat to human and animal health, with animals considered a reservoir for transmission of AMR to humans. Because antimicrobial usage is a driver for resistance, one approach to decrease the AMR burden is to reduce its usage. However, this can, but does not necessarily, lead to lower AMR prevalence. German and EU legislation restrict the use of fluoroquinolones and certain cephalosporins, substance classes designated as highest priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, in animal husbandry. Longitudinal sampling of organic and conventional farms in Thuringia for resistance to these antibiotic classes revealed that certain resistant Escherichia coli strains can persist in the farm environment over extended time periods. These strains displayed farm specificity, indicating adaptation to the particular farm and its management practices, so that their elimination might be difficult, requiring either procedures acting generally against Enterobacterales or targeted action against the specific strains.

Determination of Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wild Virus in Pepper Genotypes from Turkey and Nigeria Using Molecular Markers

as both a vegetable and a spice. Pepper like other agricultural crops, are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. To mitigate these threats, they must possess effective defense mechanisms and resistance genes. The Tsw gene, found in Capsicum chinense, confers resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) and is expressed as a dominant allele (Tsw) in many genotypes. The SCAC568 CAPs marker, linked to TSWV resistance, allows for the co-dominant differentiation of resistant and susceptible pepper genotypes (RR, Rr, rr). Due to its close association with the Tsw gene, this marker is a valuable tool for marker-assisted selection and for screening pepper germplasm collection in pepper breeding programs. Therefore, in this study the resistance of 60 pepper local genotypes from Turkey and Nigeria to TSWV were evaluated by the SCAC568 CAPs marker linked to Tsw. The genomic DNA of the samples was amplified with the SCAC568 marker PCR protocol and then subjected to digestion with the Taq1 enzyme. The digested products were resolved by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel and visualized under UV light. For validation purposes, three control genotypes, including Capsicum chinense PI152225 (homozygous resistant) and two Capsicum annuum genotypes (homozygous susceptible and heterozygous resistant) were included. In the marker screening, 60 pepper genotypes were evaluated, revealing that 13 of these samples were homozygous resistant (RR), 24 were heterozygous (Rr), and 23 were homozygous susceptible (rr). Amongst the tested genotypes, Nigerian pepper genotypes showed more resistance to TSWV. These results validate the utility of the SCAC568 CAPs marker in pepper breeding programme for identifying genotypes with resistance or susceptibility to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. In addition, it is shown that, the resistant local pepper genotypes in this study can be used in the TSWV resistance breeding programme.

Draft genome sequence of XDR Aeromonas caviae strain NGCRVN-08 isolated from diarrheal patient in Bangladesh.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Aeromonas caviae strain NGCRVN-08, isolated from a stool sample of a diarrheal patient in Bangladesh. Most notably, this strain harbors an extensive array of antibiotic resistance genes spanning eight major drug classes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and multiple aminoglycoside resistance determinants.

Genomic surveillance reveals different transmission patterns between third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain), 2018–2020

BackgroundThe emergence and spread of third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a global critical challenge. Understanding the transmission dynamics within and between hospital environments is crucial to develop effective control strategies.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, we conducted a genomic surveillance program in eight hospitals of the Comunitat Valenciana, Spain, collecting and sequencing 1,768 3GC- and carbapenem-resistant isolates. We quantified the overall transmission using core genomes and assessed the contribution of national and global isolates to the spread of AMR in the region by including 11,967 database genomes in the analysis.ResultsThe local collection was highly diverse, involving 188 lineages, including global high-risk clones such as ST307 and ST11, and 3GC and carbapenem resistance determinants. Half of the isolates were involved in transmission, with 70.5% occurring within hospitals.ConclusionsDifferent transmission patterns characterized the spread of 3GC- and carbapenem resistance in the region. While inter-hospital transmission played a significant role in the spread of 3GC-resistance, this was only sporadic for carbapenem resistance. Moreover, the factors behind inter-hospital spread for each type of resistance differed: while 3GC-resistance likely disseminated between hospitals through intermediate steps, carbapenem resistance was driven by more direct transmission routes. The burden of national and global cases on the ongoing regional AMR dissemination was low. Moreover, we revealed the rapid expansion in the region and globally of lineage ST307 carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene, a main driver of local transmissions, providing a deeper understanding of the successful spread of this high-risk clone.

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Determined as Blood Culture Contamination Have High Virulence Characteristic Including Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of 36 clinical isolates estimated as blood culture contaminants (BCCs). MALDI-TOF MS classified all isolates as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) with the highest percentage of S. epidermidis (77.78%). All tested strains formed biofilms with greater ability at room temperature than 37 °C. CoNS were sensitive to vancomycin (0% resistance) and had relatively low resistance to linezolid and rifampicin (8.33 and 22.22% resistance). The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (94.44%). Moreover, we observed the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from the tested CoNS to S. aureus and even to E. coli, although with lower efficiency. CoNS in planktonic form were completely combated by antiseptics after 10 and 60 s exposition, and activity against biofilms was time-dependent. The complete elimination of biofilms was observed after a 180 s exposure to Kodan and CITROclorex, and this exposure to Rivanol and Octenidyne showed still viable cells (>0.9 log CFU/mL). Our findings showed that a careful selection of antiseptics and extending the exposure time before blood collection can reduce the occurrence of blood culture contamination. However, our most important finding is the indication that CoNS naturally occurring on human skin and mucous membranes exhibit antibiotic resistance, and what is more, determinants of antibiotic resistance are transferred to both closely related Gram-positive bacteria and phylogenetically distant Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, our findings shed new light on CoNS-they indicate the necessity of their control due to the effective transfer of mobile genetic elements harboring antibiotic resistance genes, which may contribute to the spread of resistance genes and deepening the antibiotic crisis.

Data-independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Reveals Exosomal LAMC1 as a Key Determinant of Lung Adenocarcinoma Radiosensitivity, Independent of EGFR Mutation.

This study is formulated to reveal the variables affecting the radio-sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD patients show varied radiotherapy responses. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are often used to predict sensitivity, their reliability is debated, underscoring the need for better biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify key functional proteins that regulate the sensitivity of LUAD to radiotherapy and to assess the potential value of exosomal LAMC1 as a clinical predictive marker. In this study, 103 LUAD patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy were included to assess the relationship between EGFR mutation and survival. Intrinsic radio-sensitivity and different radio-sensitivities in 14 LUAD cell lines with/out EGFR mutation were examined based on the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2). Dataindependent acquisition (DIA) and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics were used to investigate the proteomics of the LUAD cell lines. Subsequently, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was combined with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network screening for key proteins. Nano-flow cytometry was employed to validate changes in radiosensitivity-associated protein expression within exosomes, while siRNA-mediated knockdown was performed to assess the functional impact of specific proteins on LUAD cells. EGFR mutations were not significantly associated with PFS/OS. 14 LUAD cell lines displayed intrinsic variations in SF2, and no difference between the EGFR mutation and wild-type groups was reported. 5425 proteins were identified via DIA in 14 LUAD cell lines. After bio-informatics analysis, LAMC1, ITGB4, ITGA6, and CD44 were the most representative core differential proteins for the radio-sensitivity in LUAD cells. Notably, LAMC1 was confirmed as a radiation-resistant protein. Following radiotherapy, LUAD cells secreted exosomes with reduced LAMC1 levels. Moreover, LAMC1 knockdown significantly affected cellular proliferation and apoptosis post-irradiation. LAMC1 serves as a critical functional determinant of radiotherapy resistance in LUAD. Its dynamic changes in exosomes demonstrate potential for predicting radiotherapy response, suggesting clinical utility for radiosensitivity assessment and personalized radiotherapy guidance.

Determination of tractive resistance of a wide-cutting chain harrow for soil mulching

Justification. One of the prerequisites for realization of mini-till and no-till technologies is accumulation of mulch layer. High efficiency in soil mulching is shown by chain harrows, but the working tools used on them are not fully able to provide sufficient depth of cultivation, as well as crushing and mixing of crop residues with soil. Taking into account the high perspective of mini-till and no-till technologies, the research aimed at improving machines for soil mulching and in particular chain harrows is relevant Purpose of work. Development of wide-catch chain harrow and working body providing intensification of soil mulching processes, theoretical and experimental evaluation of traction resistance of the machine. Materials and methods. On the basis of methods of agricultural mechanics the research of traction resistance value of harrow with improved chain working organ has been carried out. The laboratory-field experiment on estimation of traction resistance value of wide-catch chain harrow was carried out. Results. Based on the analysis of drawbacks of the standard working organ of V.I. Dvurechensky's chain harrow, it was proposed to move the ripping tooth to the fixing plate located in the center of the link. This technical solution is designed to provide better burial of tines in the soil, as well as the intensity of shredding of plant residues. It is theoretically established that the value of traction resistance of the improved chain working device, depends on the weight and the main design parameters of ripping teeth: length, tooth sharpening angle and cross-sectional diameter. The conducted laboratory-field experiments allowed to establish that at changing the working speed of the machine from 15 to 21 km/h, the value of traction resistance increases from 26.2 to 32.3 kN, respectively, with the value of tractor slip not more than 3.0%. Based on the analysis of the obtained values of traction resistance and agrotechnical indicators of work determined the rational speed of the machine, which should be 18 km / h. Practical value of the research. The value of traction resistance of the chain harrow with the improved working organ has been experimentally determined, which allows recommending a tractor of rational traction class. The rational technological mode has been revealed.

Identification of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Vietnam by high-throughput sequencing

The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors responsible for antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that can cause long-term gastroduodenal disease. The primary resistance of H. pylori to commonly used antibiotics was studied, and high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to discover genetic determinants of resistance using a reference-based approach. A total of 123 H. pylori strains were cultured and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using an E test. Genotypic analysis was performed using NGS data with ARIBA v2.14.7 and PlasmidSeeker v1.3 for plasmid detection. Statistical correlations between resistant genotypes and phenotypes were evaluated. In addition, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and linear mixed model were used to identify genetic variants associated with antimicrobial resistance phenotypes while adjusting for covariates such as population structure. Our results showed that 78.2% of the strains were resistant to metronidazole (MTZ), 22.5% to levofloxacin (LVX), 43.5% to clarithromycin (CLR) and 13.7% to amoxicillin (AMX). Resistance to tetracycline was not detected. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 48.8% of the strains. While plasmids were not detected, chromosomal genetic determinants of resistance to CLR, LVX, and AMX were identified, including mutations in 23S rRNA (A2142G and A2143G), gyrA (N87K/Y and D91Y/N/G), and pbp1 A (F366L, S414R, F473V, G595_V596insE, as well as the mutations T558S and T593A/G/P/S). Additionally, missense, frameshift, and nonsense mutations in rdxA were identified as genetic determinants of resistance to MTZ. No genetic determinants associated with tetracycline resistance were detected. A strong correlation was observed between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for CLR, LVX, AMX, and MTZ. In addition, we found that missense, frameshift and nonsense mutations in rdxA were genetic determinants of resistance to MTZ. We did not detect any genetic determinants associated with tetracycline resistance. There was a strong correlation between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for CLR, LVX, AMX, and MTZ. Furthermore, unitig-based GWAS revealed that AMX, LVX, and CLR resistance in H. pylori was mainly caused by chromosomal mutations that affected the targets of these antibiotics (pbp1 A, gyrA, and 23S rRNA, respectively). Our results highlight the need for regular evaluation and alternative therapies in Vietnam, given the high rates of H. pylori resistance to CLR, MTZ, and LVX. Our study also demonstrated the high capacity of NGS to detect genetic resistance determinants and its potential for implementation in local treatment policies.

The co-occurrence of tet(X4) and tmexCD2-toprJ2 mediated tigecycline resistance in Raoultella ornithinolytica.

The co-occurrence of tet(X4) and tmexCD2-toprJ2 mediated tigecycline resistance in Raoultella ornithinolytica.

Harnessing the Fish Gut Microbiome and Immune System to Enhance Disease Resistance in Aquaculture.

Harnessing the Fish Gut Microbiome and Immune System to Enhance Disease Resistance in Aquaculture.

Role of genetic factors in imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia: P53, RB1, ASS1 gene deletions, and chromosome 8 hyperdiploidy.

Role of genetic factors in imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia: P53, RB1, ASS1 gene deletions, and chromosome 8 hyperdiploidy.

A novel Zn (II)/Cd (II)/Pb (II)-translocating PIB-type ATPase mediates metal resistance in Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI in metal-enriched soil of uranium ore deposit.

A novel Zn (II)/Cd (II)/Pb (II)-translocating PIB-type ATPase mediates metal resistance in Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI in metal-enriched soil of uranium ore deposit.

Epidemiological and genomic insights of mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex strains from wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai.

Epidemiological and genomic insights of mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex strains from wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai.

Campylobacter in raw chicken meat at retail level: quantitative and qualitative assessment, genomic profiling and comparison with isolates from human infections.

Campylobacter in raw chicken meat at retail level: quantitative and qualitative assessment, genomic profiling and comparison with isolates from human infections.

The Y58D mutation in rpsJ gene is correlated with tigecycline and eravacycline combined resistance in ST80 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates.

The Y58D mutation in rpsJ gene is correlated with tigecycline and eravacycline combined resistance in ST80 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates.