Determinants Of Glaucoma Research Articles

The prevalence and determinants of glaucoma among 40 years and older Saudi residents in the Riyadh Governorate (except the Capital) – A community based survey

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence of glaucoma and its determinants among adult Saudi Residents aged 40 years and older in the Riyadh Governorate (except the Capital). MethodsA cluster-based sample of randomly selected citizens from six primary health center catchment areas were examined between 2014 and 2015. Data were collected on their glaucoma management. Assessment included measurement of intraocular pressure, optic nerve head evaluation and gonioscopy. Glaucoma suspects were referred for visual field testing. ResultA total of 940 citizens were examined and 124 had glaucoma. The prevalence of glaucoma was 5.6% [95% Confidence interval (CI): 5.43–5.75] with an estimated 3758 cases of glaucoma in study area. Males had a significantly higher prevalence (7.62%) than females (3.48%). Glaucoma was not significantly associated to diabetes [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; (95% CI: 0.8–1.7); P = 0.5]. The variation in the prevalence of glaucoma by age group was not significant (P = 0.2). Open angle of anterior chamber was in 78% of glaucoma cases. The coverage of glaucoma management was 27.8%. Among known glaucoma patients were 69% were treatment-complaint. Of 124 glaucoma patients, 29 (23.5%) were aware of their diagnosis. Mild and moderate visual impairment was in 67% and 8 (6.5%) glaucoma patients while one (0.8%) patient was bilateral blind. ConclusionThe prevalence of glaucoma was high. Identified determinants should be noted and accordingly a public health approach for early detection and adequate management is recommended.

Fundus image classification methods for the detection of glaucoma: A review.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative illness and is considered as a standout amongst the most widely recognized reasons for visual impairment. Nerve's degeneration is an irretrievable procedure, so the diagnosis of the illness at an early stage is an absolute requirement to stay away from lasting loss of vision. Glaucoma effected mainly because of increased intraocular pressure, if it is not distinguished and looked early, it can result in visual impairment. There are not generally evident side effects of glaucoma; thus, patients attempt to get treatment just when the seriousness of malady is advanced altogether. Determination of glaucoma often comprises of review of the basic crumbling of the nerve in conjunction with the examination of visual function capacity. This article shows the persistent illustration of glaucoma, its side effects, and the potential people inclined to this malady. The essence of this article is on different classification methods being utilized and proposed by various scientists for the identification of glaucoma. This article audits a few division and segmentation methodologies that are exceptionally useful for recognizable proof, identification, and diagnosis of glaucoma. The research related to the findings and the treatment is likewise evaluated in this article.

Magnitude and determinants of glaucoma in type II diabetics: A hospital based cross-sectional study in Maharashtra, India.

Background:Glaucoma and diabetes have a common pathogenesis. We estimated the magnitude and determinants of glaucoma in adults with type II diabetes who presented to a tertiary level eye center in 2010.Study Type:A cross-sectional survey.Methods:Diabetes was diagnosed by history and measurement of blood sugar levels. Glaucoma was diagnosed by assessing optic disc morphology, visual fields, and intraocular pressure. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics of diabetes and ocular status through interviews and measurements. The prevalence of glaucoma in diabetics was estimated, and variables were analyzed for an association to glaucoma. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Statistical significance was indicated by P < 0.05.Results:The study cohort was comprised of 841 diabetics. The mean age of the cohort was 53.8 ± 10.7 years. There were 320 (38%) females. The prevalence of glaucoma was 15.6% (95% CI: 13.1-18.1). More than 75% of the diabetics had no evidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Half of the diabetics with glaucoma had primary open angle glaucoma. The presence of glaucoma was significantly associated to the duration of diabetes (Chi-square = 10.1, degree of freedom = 3, P = 0.001). The presence of DR was not significantly associated to the presence of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4 [95% CI: 0.88-1.2]). The duration of diabetes (adjusted OR = 1.03) was an independent predictor of glaucoma in at least one eye.Conclusions:More than one-sixth of diabetics in this study had glaucoma. Opportunistic screening for glaucoma during DR screening results in an acceptable yield of glaucoma cases.

Associations With Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measures in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study

To describe GDxVCC retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measures and associations in a predominantly white British population. The EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study is nested within a large multicenter cohort study, the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer. RNFL measurements were taken using the GDxVCC. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess associations of RNFL measures with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), height, blood pressure, social class, education level, alcohol intake, smoking status, axial length, intraocular pressure, and lens status. Models were linearly adjusted for typical scan score to handle scans with atypical retardation. There were complete data from 11,030 eyes of 6309 participants with mean age 68 years (48-90 years). Older age (-1.53 μm/decade [95% confidence interval {CI} -1.73, -1.33], P < 0.001), male sex (-0.44 μm [95% CI -0.04, -0.84], P = 0.031), shorter axial length (-0.15 μm/mm [95% CI -0.02, -0.28], P = 0.024), and pseudophakia (-0.49 μm [95% CI -0.94, -0.04], P = 0.033) were associated with thinner RNFL after adjustment for possible confounders. Higher BMI was associated with a thinner RNFL in men only (-0.30 μm/5 kg/m(2) [95% CI -0.58, -0.02], P = 0.039). This analysis of associations with RNFL thickness in a largely healthy population may provide insight into the determinants of glaucoma, suggesting higher risk in those who are older, in men, and in men with a higher BMI.

Prevalence and determinants of glaucoma in citizens of Qatar aged 40 years or older: A community-based survey

Background:We present the prevalence and determinants of glaucoma among subjects 40 years of age and older in Qatar.Materials and Methods:This community-based survey was held in 2009 at 49 randomly selected clusters. Demographic details and history of glaucoma was collected by the nurses. Ophthalmologists evaluated the optic disc and retina using a digital camera housed in a mobile van. Visual field was tested with an automated perimeter, the intraocular pressure with an applanation tonometer and the angle of the anterior chamber by gonioscopy. A panel of glaucoma experts diagnosed subjects with glaucoma.Results:This survey enrolled 3,149 (97.3%) participants. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of glaucoma in the population aged 40 years and older was 1.73% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.69-1.77). Accordingly, 5,641 individuals in this age group in Qatar would have glaucoma. Chronological age of 60 years and older (Odds ratio [OR] 11.1) and the presence of myopia (OR 1.78) were predictors of glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed in 44 (65.7%) individuals with glaucoma. In nine (13.4%) and 15 (20.9%) subjects, angle closure glaucoma and other (post-traumatic, pseudoexfoliation) glaucoma were present. Bilateral blindness (vision <3/60) and severe visual impairment (<6/60) were found in four (6%) and three (4.5%) subjects with glaucoma, respectively. Glaucoma was treated in 36 (54%) subjects.Conclusions:The prevalence of glaucoma among citizens of Qatar aged 40 years and older was 1.71%. Glaucoma was associated with the age of 60 years and older and the presence of myopia.

Glaucoma among Omani diabetic patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study: (Oman diabetic eye study 2002).

A cross-sectional study was carried out to review the ocular status of 2,063 diabetic patients in Oman. A part of this study is presented to highlight the magnitude and determinants of glaucoma. The study also recommends policies for comprehensive care of glaucoma among diabetic patients. The ocular pressure, disc changes, and field changes were noted by ophthalmologists. The diabetes profile was noted by physicians. The rate of glaucoma among diabetic patients was 8.87% (95% CI 8.12 to 9.62). Male diabetic patients had significantly higher rates of glaucoma than female diabetic patients. The rate was significantly higher in higher age groups. The mean ocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes was 28.6 mm Hg. The rate was not significantly different in patients with type I and type II diabetes (RR 1.03 [95% CI 0.61 to 1.79]). The risk of visual disability was higher among diabetic patients with glaucoma than diabetic patients without glaucoma (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.14 to 2.13]). Ocular pressure measurement could be a simple and reliable first-level screening tool. Diabetic patients with glaucoma should be given special care to reduce visual disability. All patients with diabetes should be thoroughly checked periodically to rule out glaucoma.