Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate Research Articles

Colorectal adenoma detection rate using texture and color enhancement imaging versus white light imaging with chromoendoscopy: a propensity score matching study.

Few studies have evaluated the adenoma detection rate (ADR) of colonoscopy with texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI), a novel image-enhancing technology. This study compares the detection of colorectal polyps using TXI to that using white light imaging (WLI). This single-center retrospective study used propensity-matched scoring based on the patients' baseline characteristics (age, sex, indication, bowel preparation, endoscopist, colonoscope type, and withdrawal time) to compare the results of patients who underwent chromoendoscopy using WLI or TXI at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. The differences in polyp detection rates and the mean number of detected polyps per colonoscopy were determined between the TXI and WLI groups. After propensity score matching, 1970 patients were enrolled into each imaging modality group. The mean patient age was 57.2±12.5years, and 44.5% of the cohort were men. The ADR was higher in the TXI group than in the WLI group (55.0% vs 49.4%, odds ratio: 1.25). High-risk ADR were more common in the TXI group than in the WLI group (17.6% vs 12.8%; OR: 1.45). The mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) was higher in the TXI group than in the WLI group (1.187 vs 0.943, OR: 1.12). APC with a flat morphology (1.093 vs 0.848, OR: 1.14) and APC of <6mm (0.992 vs 0.757, OR: 1.16) were higher in the TXI group than in the WLI group. Compared to WLI, TXI improved the ADR in patients who underwent chromoendoscopy based on actual clinical data.

Influence of Sedated Endoscopy on Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate: A Multicenter Study

Influence of Sedated Endoscopy on Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate: A Multicenter Study

ENDOANGEL versus water exchange for the detection of colorectal adenomas.

Recently, the ENDOANGEL (EN) system, a computer-assisted detection technique, and water exchange (WE) assisted colonoscopy have both been shown to increase the colorectal adenoma detection rate (ADR). The aim of this study was to compare the ADR between EN- and WE-assisted colonoscopy. This was a retrospective study. Data from patients who underwent either EN- or WE-assisted colonoscopy between October 2021 and August 2022 were analysed consecutively. The primary outcome measure was the ADR. The ADR was found to be similar between the EN and WE groups, with 80 out of 199 (40.2%) patients in the EN group compared to 78 out of 174 (44.8%) patients in the WE group [1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-1.83]. In the analysis using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting after adjustment for confounding factors, both colonoscopy methods had similar performance in terms of ADR (1.41; 95% CI, 0.88-2.27). EN was found to be comparable to WE in terms of ADR during colonoscopy, and both methods may be effectively used in clinical practice.

S276 Does Hepatitis C Independently Increase the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma?

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with extrahepatic malignancies, one such is colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The majority of CRC arise from adenomatous polyps, it is not known if HCV infection influences the growth of these precancerous lesions. This study evaluates the prevalence of colorectal adenomas in HCV patients compared to the general population and if HCV is an independent risk factor for the detection of colorectal adenomas. Methods: This case-control study included patients who underwent screening colonoscopy at our hospital. Patients were divided into cases (HCV) and controls (non-HCV). Patients with no biopsy reports, hepatitis B, and inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Colonoscopy findings were stratified on the biopsy results i.e., hyperplastic, adenomatous, CRC or normal mucosa. Continuous variables were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and categorical variables using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test with p< 0.05 considered statistically significant. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), a matched cohort of cases and controls was generated. A multivariate regression analysis to compute an odds ratio for colorectal adenoma detection rate was done. Results: 415 patients were screened, of which 109 HCV patients and 97 controls were included. Descriptive analysis showed that age (p = 0.03), BMI (p = 0.001), aspirin (p = 0.01), smoking (p = 0.004), alcohol use (p = 0.01) and adenoma detection (p = 0.006) were significantly different between both groups. After propensity matching, multivariate regression analysis showed patients with HCV had odds ratio (OR) = 2.06 (p = 0.03), and aspirin use had OR = 0.38 (p = 0.01) in having colorectal adenoma. (Table) Conclusion: Our study shows a significantly higher rate of adenomas in chronic HCV patients. On multivariate analysis with and without propensity score matching, HCV infection was found to be an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Current guidelines do not recommend earlier screening for CRC for such patients. Prospective studies would be required to assess if treatment of HCV leads to lower adenoma detection rates. Table 1. - Multivariate logistic regression for colorectal adenoma detection Variables p value Odds ratio Lower Limit of 95% CI Upper Limit of 95% CI Age ( >60, median) 0.0295* 1.043 1.034 2.125 Hepatitis C 0.0314* 2.152 1.125 3.810 Family history of CRC 0.220 1.984 0.665 5.922 Aspirin use 0.0116* 0.387 0.253 0.89 Smoking 0.499 1.229 0.677 2.231 Alcohol use 0.293 1.527 0.694 3.359 Female Gender 0.869 1.050 0.586 1.882 Diabetes Mellitus 0.529 1.244 0.630 2.459 HIV 0.895 1.148 0.150 8.806

330P Does hepatitis C independently increase the risk of colorectal adenoma?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with extrahepatic malignancies, one such is colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Majority of CRC arise from adenomatous polyps, it is not known if HCV influences the growth of these precancerous lesions. This study evaluates the prevalence of colorectal adenomas in HCV patients and if HCV is an independent risk factor for the detection of colorectal adenomas. This case-control study included patients who underwent colonoscopy. Patients were divided into cases (HCV) and controls (non-HCV). Patients with no biopsy reports, hepatitis B, and inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Colonoscopy findings were stratified on the biopsy results i.e., hyperplastic, adenomatous, CRC or normal mucosa. Continuous variables were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and categorical variables using Chi-square with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), a matched cohort was generated. A multivariate regression analysis to compute an odds ratio for colorectal adenoma detection rate was done. 415 patients were screened, of which 109 HCV patients and 97 controls were included. Descriptive analysis showed that age, BMI, aspirin use , smoking, alcohol use and adenoma detection were significantly different between both groups (p<0.05). After propensity matching, multivariate regression analysis showed patients with HCV had odds ratio (OR) = 2.06 (p = 0.03), and aspirin use had OR = 0.38 (p = 0.01) in having colorectal adenoma.Table: 330PMultivariate logistic regression for colorectal adenomaVariablesp valueORUpper limit CILower limit of CIMedian age0.0295*1.0431.0342.125HCV0.0314*2.1521.1253.810Familal CRC0.2201.9840.6655.922Aspirin use0.0116*0.3870.2530.89Smoking0.4991.2290.6772.231Alcohol0.2931.5270.6943.359Female gender0.8691.0500.5861.882Diabetes mellitus0.5291.2440.6302.459HIV co-infection0.8951.1480.1508.806 Open table in a new tab Our study shows a significantly higher rate of adenomas in chronic HCV patients. On multivariate analysis, HCV infection was found to be an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Current guidelines do not recommend earlier CRC screening. Prospective studies would be required to assess if treatment of HCV leads to lower adenomas.

Factors affecting colorectal adenoma detection rate

Factors affecting colorectal adenoma detection rate

A prospective cohort study of the relationship between the withdrawal time and the detection rate of colorectal adenoma

Background and aims The effect of colonoscopy withdrawal time (WT) beyond 6 min on colorectal adenoma detection rate (ADR) is unclear. We focused on the relationship between WT and ADR. Materials and methods This study was a prospective observational study involving 437 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Tongren Hospital in Shanghai from 1 July 2020 to 31 August 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether the WT was >6 min. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), defoaming rate score, Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS), primary colonoscopy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dietary preparation 1 day before the examination, and abdominal surgery history factors were analysed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression to explore the odds ratios (ORs) of ADR in two WT groups. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to further analyze the relationship between WT and the ORs of adenoma detection. Results The ADR among 437 patients was 17.16% (75/437). Multivariable regression analysis showed that in the group with WT >6 min, patients aged ≥50 years old and male could have an increased risk of adenoma detection (OR 5.80, 95% CI 2.32–14.47; p < .001; OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.19–4.43; p = .013). The cubic spline curve showed that the ADR increased with time for WT of 6–8 min, and the highest ADR was achieved when the WT was controlled at 8 min (WT = 5.997, OR = 0.997; WT = 8.240 min, OR = 3.092). Conclusion The highest ADR was achieved when the WT of colonoscopy was controlled at 8 min.

THE IMPACT OF COLORECTAL CHROMENDOSCOPY WITH ENHANCED MUCOSAL IMAGING ON ADENOMA MISS RATE IN SCREENING COLONOSCOPY.

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of adenomas. It is related with decreased colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. However, an important problem is missed colorectal adenoma. All efforts should be undertaken to reduce this rate. Enhancing imaging technologies including electronic chromoendoscopy and magnification has been increasingly adopted for improving the colorectal neoplasia detection rate and the detailed study of its surface, as well. I-scan images (Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) provides virtual chromoendoscopy in real-time during the examination to view the surface pattern, highlighting the microvasculature of the neoplastic lesion. The evidence on the impact of the use of I-scan on the colorectal adenoma detection rate is scarce. To evaluate whether the use of I-scan has impact on the adenoma miss rate (AMR) of screening colonoscopy exams. Observational and prospective study conducted by monitoring patients over 50 years undergoing colonoscopy. There were two groups: Group 1 - first inspection with standard high-definition white-light (HDWL) followed by a second inspection with I-scan 1; Group 2 - first inspection with I-scan 1 followed by a second inspection with standard HDWL. The primary outcome was the AMR from the first exam, calculated with the number of adenomas detected in the second exam, divided by the total number of adenomas detected in both exams. A total of 85 patients participated in the study. 14 were excluded, with a final sample of 71 patients, in the Group 1, 34 patients, and the Group 2, 37. A total of 58 adenomas were detected, 40 in the first inspection (20 in each group) and 18 in the second inspection in group 1. The overall AMR was higher for the Group 1 than the Group 2 (47.4% vs 0% P=0.0002). The use of I-scan 1 during colonoscopy exam reduces the AMR.

Effect of antifoaming agent on benign colorectal tumors in colonoscopy: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUNDAlthough several trials have shown that the addition of antifoaming agents to polyethylene glycol (PEG) can improve bowel preparation, whether PEG plus antifoaming agents have a beneficial role in the detection of benign tumors during colonoscopy has yet to be confirmed. Our aim was to clarify whether adding simethicone to PEG solution could improve the detection of benign colorectal tumors.AIMTo clarify whether adding simethicone to PEG solution could improve the detection of benign colorectal tumors.METHODSThe PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published prior to September 2019. The outcomes included the detection rates of colorectal adenomas and polyps.RESULTTwenty studies were eligible. Although there was no difference in the colorectal adenoma detection rate (ADR), a significant effect of simethicone for diminutive adenomas (< 10 mm) was revealed in the group taking simethicone. We also found that simethicone could significantly improve the ADR in the proximal colon but did not affect the colorectal polyp detection rate. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses revealed a beneficial effect of simethicone on the ADR among Asians (P = 0.005) and those with an ADR < 25% (P = 0.003). Moreover, it was a significant finding that the low dose simethicone was as effective as the high dose one with respect to the detection of benign colorectal tumors.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the addition of simethicone to PEG might improve the detection of diminutive adenomas in the right colon by colonoscopy in Asia. Low-dose simethicone was recommended for the detection of benign colorectal tumors. However, large clinical trials are necessary to validate our results and determine the ideal dose of simethicone.

Improved adenoma detection with linked color imaging technology compared to white-light colonoscopy

ObjectivesLinked color imaging (LCI) is a new endoscopic technology that may increase colorectal adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) by virtual chromoendoscopy. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LCI in ADR and PDR compared to the HD white-light colonoscopy (WLC) technique.Materials and methodsBetween October 2016 and June 2018, we enrolled consecutive outpatients prospectively. Eligible patients allocated randomly to undergo HD WLC or LCI colonoscopy technique during instrument withdrawal. Each colonoscopy was performed in a single center by the same three expert endoscopists (with expertise more than 5000 colonoscopies).ResultsA total of 1278 patients underwent colonoscopy in the study period. ADR and PDR were significantly higher in the LCI group compared to the WLC group (34.4% vs. 26.8%; p = .007; and 53.3% vs 46.4%; p = .023, respectively). Similarly, the mean number of adenomas per patient (MAP) was significantly higher with the LCI than WLC (0.64 vs 0.44, respectively; p = .002). The mean age of patients at the time of colonoscopy was 51.95 years (SD = 13.861) in the LCI group and 51.96 years (SD = 14.028) in the WLC group. No significant differences observed in patient demographic characteristics (there was no difference in gender and age distribution, p = .986), quality of colonoscopy preparation and withdrawal times (WT) between the two groups (WLC and the LCI groups, 493.9 (SD: 143.5) and 514.0 (SD: 139.5) sec, respectively).ConclusionsAccording to our results, LCI virtual chromoendoscopic technology was superior compared to conventional HD WLC in detecting colorectal polyps and adenomas.

Factors predicting the colorectal adenoma detection rate in colonoscopic screening of a Chinese population: A prospective study.

Colorectal cancer has high incidence and mortality. Early diagnosis could increase patient survival, but early diagnosis has been poor in China for the past decades. The purpose of this study is to assess the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) by colonoscopy in a Chinese population, and to determine the risk factors for adenoma.This prospective study at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital evaluated patients who underwent colonoscopy in September 2017 to February 2018. Basic information, exact insertion and withdrawal times, PDR, and ADR were assessed. Risk factors for colorectal adenoma in the adenoma-positive and adenoma-negative groups (based on pathology) were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.A total of 1058 procedures with 767 polyps were analyzed. The overall PDR and ADR were 36.96% (391/1058) and 24.67% (261/1058), respectively. Occurrence of adenoma was associated with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), family history of colon cancer, personal history of adenoma, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. There was a significant association between withdrawal time and ADR (P < .001). In the multivariable analysis, age (OR = 1.041, 95%CI 1.028–1.055; P < .001), insertion time (OR = 0.999, 95%CI 0.998–1.000; P = .009), withdrawal time (OR = 1.009, 95%CI 1.007–1.011; P < .001), personal history of adenoma (OR = 2.572, 95%CI 1.115–5.932; P = .027), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.221, 95%CI 1.084–4.549; P = .029) were risk factors for colorectal adenoma detection.In a Chinese population, ADR increases with age, withdrawal time, a personal history of adenoma, and diabetes. Age, insertion and withdrawal times, and a personal history of adenoma may independently predict colorectal adenoma detection.

Distribution characteristics and risk factors of colorectal adenomas

To determine the detection rate and distribution characteristics of colorectal adenomas in Ningbo area of China, and to identify the risk factors for colorectal adenoma, in order to provide reference for colorectal cancer screening. A cross-sectional study was performed among 8660 subjects undergoing colonoscopy in the Ningbo No.2 Hospital between January and December 2016, using a questionnaire, including demographic data (age, gender, height and weight), history of diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and family history of malignant neoplasm), lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, dietary bias on red meat, dietary bias on fruit and vegetables, dietary frequency of pickled food and physical activities), and intestinal early warning symptoms. All colonoscopically detected polyps were removed for histological examination. Polyps were histologically divided into non-adenomatous (hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps) and adenomatous polyps (tubular, villous, tubulovillous and serrated adenomas). Pathologic features were analyzed according to anatomical site. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for colorectal adenoma. A total of 7077 subjects who received colonoscopic examination and completed the questionnaire survey were enrolled in this study. There were 3633 males and 3444 females with a median age of 53 (ranged 17 to 83) years. Adenoma detection rate was 15.6% (1103/7077) in all cases, 21.0%(762/3633) for males, and 9.9%(341/3444) for females(P=0.000). Detection rate of 6.2%(29/469) was recorded in individuals aged less than 30 years, 8.0%(87/1086) in those from 30 to 39 years, 12.1%(148/1222) in those from 40 to 49 years, 16.8%(272/1623) in those from 50 to 59 years, 20.4%(326/1601) in those from 60 to 69 years, and 22.4%(241/1076) in those ≥70 years. The detection rate increased according to age(P=0.000). A total of 1521 adenomas were detected in 1103 cases, including 1455 tubular adenomas, 33 tubulovillous adenomas, 9 villous adenomas and 24 serrated adenomas. Among 1521 adenomas, 44.1%(n=671) located in the right hemicolon, 39.0%(n=593) in the left hemicolon, and 16.9%(n=257) in the rectum. Significantly larger number of serrated adenomas and advanced adenomas (advanced adenoma was defined as any adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, diameter ≥10 mm or with villous component) was observed in the right hemicolon compared to left hemicolon and rectum [serrated adenomas: 2.5%(17/671) vs. 0.8% (5/593) and 0.8% (2/257), P=0.029; advanced adenoma: 9.2% (62/671) vs. 5.2% (31/953) and 6.6% (17/257), P=0.021]. Multivariate analysis showed that malely (P=0.003), elderly (P=0.000), obesity (P=0.014), smoking (P=0.001), alcohol (P=0.032), and family history of malignancy (P=0.000) were independent risk factors of colorectal adenoma. In view of a higher detection rate of colorectal adenoma in population aged 40 to 49 years especially in male individuals, the starting age of colonoscopy screening may be advanced to 40 years old. People with family history of malignancy, obesity, and habit of smoking or drinking should be regarded as important subjects for colonoscopy screening. During colonoscopy screening, special emphasis should be given to right hemicolon.

Tu2028 - Improving Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate with Endocuff Vision. Results of the Adenoma Randomised Controlled Trial

Tu2028 - Improving Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate with Endocuff Vision. Results of the Adenoma Randomised Controlled Trial

Clinical features of upper gastrointestinal serrated lesions: An endoscopy database analysis of 98746 patients.

AIMTo analyse the clinical features of patients with the serrated lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UPGI) tract.METHODSPatients who underwent routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at the Digestive Endoscopy Centre of General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University between January 2011 and December 2015 were consecutively recruited. Patients with UPGI serrated lesions were consecutively identified. The patients’ demographics and histopathology were recorded. The colorectal findings for patients who underwent colonoscopy simultaneously or within six months were also extracted from the colonoscopy database. In addition, we analysed differences in colorectal neoplasia detection between the study patients and randomly selected patients matched for age and gender who did not exhibit serrated lesions and who also underwent colonoscopy in the same period.RESULTSA total of 21 patients out of 98746 patients (0.02%) who underwent EGD were confirmed to have serrated lesions with predominantly crenated, sawtooth-like configurations. The mean age of the 21 patients was (55.3 ± 17.2) years, and 11 patients were male (52.4%). In terms of the locations of the serrated lesions, 17 were found in the stomach (including 3 in the cardia, 9 in the corpus and 5 in the antrum), 3 were found in the duodenum, and 1 was found in the esophagus. Serrated lesions were found in different mucosal lesions, with 14 lesions were detected in polyps (8 hyperplastic polyps and 6 serrated adenomas with low grade dysplasia), 3 detected in Ménétrier gastropathy, 3 detected in an area of inflammation or ulcer, and 1 detected in the intramucosal carcinoma of the duodenum. In addition, colonoscopy data were available for 18 patients, and a significantly higher colorectal adenoma detection rate was observed in the UPGI serrated lesions group than in the randomly selected age- and gender-matched group without serrated lesions who also underwent colonoscopy in the same period (38.9% vs 11.1%, OR = 5.091, 95%CI: 1.534-16.890, P = 0.010). The detection rate of advanced adenoma was also higher in the UPGI serrated lesions group (22.2% vs 4.2%, OR = 6.571, 95%CI: 1.322-32.660, P = 0.028).CONCLUSIONSerrated lesions in the UPGI were detected in various mucosal lesions with different pathological morphologies. Moreover colonoscopy is recommended for the detection of concurrent colorectal adenoma for these patients.

A meta-analysis of the elderly with colorectal cancer

Objective To systematically assess the efficiency of colonoscopy screening for the asymptomatic elderly. Methods A search was performed to identify studies related to colonoscopy screening for the aged in Pubmed and Embase. The key words used for the search included colorectal neoplasm, adenoma, screening, elderly, and colonoscopy.The detection rate of colorectal adenomas, advanced adenomas, colorectal cancer in the elderly and non-elderly were extracted.The studies were evaluated and analyzed by software RevMan 5.3. Results Twelve studies involving 312 111 cases were included(25 107 elderly and 287 004 non-elderly). The total AADR of the elderly was 9.97%, ADR was 11.33%, while CRC detection rate was 1.79%. The meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the AADR(RR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.51-1.64), ADR(RR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.19-1.25) and CRC detection rate(RR=2.6, 95%CI: 2.34-2.90) between the elderly and the younger patients(P<0.000 01). The detection rate of AADR, ADR, CRC in the elderly were significantly higher than the non-elderly. Conclusion The elderly have higher AADR and CRC detection rate than the younger. But further studies are needed because life expectancy and complications are factors that need to be considered for screening. Key words: Colonic neoplasms; Screening; Aged; Colonoscopy

Impact of chromoscopy on adenoma detection in patients with Lynch syndrome: a prospective, multicenter, blinded, tandem colonoscopy study.

In Lynch syndrome, flat and diminutive adenomas are particularly prone to malignant transformation, but they can be missed by standard colonoscopy. It is not known whether chromocolonoscopy is able to detect more adenomas than standard colonoscopy in patients with Lynch syndrome. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to compare standard colonoscopy with standard colonoscopy followed by pancolonic chromoscopy with indigo carmine in patients with a proven germline mutation in a mismatch-repair gene related to Lynch syndrome and who were undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Standard colonoscopy was used first to detect visible lesions. Colonoscopy with chromoscopy was then performed by a second gastroenterologist (blinded to the findings of the first colonoscopy) to detect additional lesions. The primary end point was the number of patients in whom at least one adenoma was detected. A total of 78 eligible patients (median age, 45 years) were enrolled at 10 centers from July 2008 to August 2009. Significantly more patients with at least one adenoma were identified by chromocolonoscopy (32/78 (41%)) than by standard colonoscopy (18/78 (23%); P<0.001). The percentage of patients in whom at least one additional adenoma was detected during the chromoscopy was 31% (24/78). Overall, chromocolonoscopy plus colonoscopy detected a total of 55 adenomas in 32 patients (mean number of adenomas detected per patient: 0.7 vs. standard colonoscopy alone: 0.3; P<0.001). The results support the proposition that chromocolonoscopy may significantly improve the detection rate of colorectal adenomas in patients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy for Lynch syndrome.

Is Retroflexion Helpful in Detecting Adenomas in the Right Colon?: A Single Center Interim Analysis.

Background/AimsColonoscopy is less effective at screening for colorectal cancer in the right side of the colon. Retroflexion during colonoscopy is expected to improve the detection rate of colorectal adenomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of retroflexion in the right-sided colon.MethodsFrom April to November 2013, a total of 398 patients were enrolled in this study. For each patient, a cap-assisted colonoscopic examination was performed. After cecal intubation, a forward view examination from the cecum up to the hepatic flexure was performed and all identified polyps were removed. The colonoscope was reinserted to the cecum, and a careful second forward view examination of the cecum to the hepatic flexure was performed, with removal of additionally identified polyps. The colonoscope was then reinserted to the cecum and retroflexed; a third colonoscopic examination was then performed to the hepatic flexure in retroflexion with removal of additional polyps. Total polyp numbers and characteristics were compared between the two forward view examinations and the retroflexion examination.ResultsA successful retroflexion was performed in 90.2% of patients. A total of 213 polyps and 143 adenomas were detected in the right-sided colon using the routine method of examining the right colon twice in forward view. An additional 35 polyps and 24 adenomas were detected on retroflexion. Of these 35 polyps, 27 (77.1%) were small-sized polyps (≤5 mm) and 24 (71.4%) were adenomas. Finding additional adenomas using the retroflexion technique was associated with older age.ConclusionsColonoscopic retroflexion is helpful in the detection of cecum and ascending colon adenomas, especially small-sized adenomas (≤5 mm). It is particularly useful in older patients.

Detection rate of colorectal adenoma or cancer in unselected colonoscopy patients: Indonesian experience in a private hospital.

Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer in Indonesia, yet colonoscopy--the most accepted mode of screening to date--is not done routinely and national data are still lacking. To determine the detection rate of colorectal cancers and adenomas in unselected patients undergoing colonoscopy for various large bowel symptoms at the Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Centre, Medistra Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Colonoscopy data from January 2009 to December 2012 were reviewed. New patients referred for colonoscopy were included. Data collected were patient demographic and significant colonoscopy findings such as the presence of hemorrhoids, colonic polyps, colonic diverticula, inflammation, and tumor mass. Histopathological data were obtained for specimens taken by biopsy. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test, while mean differences were tested using the t-test. A total of, 1659 cases were included in this study, 889 (53.6%) of them being men. Polyps or masses were found in 495 (29.8%) patients while malignancy was confirmed in 74 (4.5%). Patients with a polyp or mass were significantly older (60.2 vs 50.8 years; p<0.001; t-test) and their presence was significantly associated with male gender (35.0% vs 23.9%; prevalent ratio [PR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-2.12; p<0.001) and age>50 years (39.6% vs 16.6%; PR 3.29; 95% CI 2.59-4.12; p<0.001). Neoplastic lesions was found in 257 (16.1%), comprising 180 (11.3%) adenomas, 10 (0.6%) in situ carcinomas, and 67 (4.2%) carcinomas. Polyps or masses were found in 30% of colonoscopy patients and malignancies in 16.1%. These figures do not represent the nation-wide demographic status of colorectal cancer, but may reflect a potentially increasing major health problem with colorectal cancer in Indonesia.

Analysis of 2222 colorectal polyps in 896 patients: a tertiary referreal hospital study.

In Turkey, there are a limited number of studies including the characteristics of colorectal polyps, and the number of patients was too small in most of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological characteristics of colorectal polyps that were determined by colonoscopy and clinical features of patients who had removal of the polyp. Patients who underwent colonoscopy were analyzed retrospectively from January 2007 to December 2011. Adult patients (≥18 years) with no history of previous colorectal neoplasms who had removal of colorectal polyp were included. A total of 2222 colorectal polyps were removed in 896 patients. Of these, 621 were male (69.3%) and 275 were female (30.7%). Most of the patients with polyps presented in the age group of 50-59 years (251 patients, 28%). It was recorded that 1816 (81.7%) of all polyps were adenomas. Of 1816 adenomas, 1577 (86.8%) were tubular adenomas. Of patients with adenomas, 19.7% was younger than 50 years. A total of 337 (37.6%) patients were in the high-risk group. Mean age of the high-risk patients was higher than the others (62±13 years and 58±13 years, respectively, p=0.001). This study is the largest series of colorectal polyps in Turkey to date. We determined the clinical and histologic characteristics of colorectal polyps and consider that the detection rate of colorectal adenomas in patients under the age of 50 years may be increased by the widespread use of colonoscopy as a diagnostic test.

Does metformin affect the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Background/AimsColorectal cancer (CRC) develops from colonic adenomas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of CRC and metformin decreases CRC risk. However, it is not certain if metformin affects the development of colorectal polyps and adenomas. This study aimed to elucidate if metforminaffects the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 DM.MethodsOf 12,186 patients with type 2 DM, 3,775 underwent colonoscopy between May 2001 and March 2013. This study enrolled 3,105 of these patients, and divided them in two groups: 912 patients with metformin use and 2,193 patients without metformin use. Patient clinical characteristics, polyp and adenoma detection rate in the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe Colorectal polyp detection rate was lower in the metformin group than in the non-meformin group (39.4% vs. 62.4%, P<0.01). Colorectal adenoma detection rate was significantly lower in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (15.2% vs. 20.5%, P<0.01). Fewer advanced adenomas were detected in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (12.2% vs. 22%, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, Body mass index and metformin use as factors associated with polyp incidence, whereas only metforminwas independently associated with decreased adenoma incidence (Odd ratio=0.738, 95% CI=0.554-0.983, P=0.03).ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 DM, metformin reduced the incidence of adenomas that may transform into CRC. Therefore, metformin may be useful for the prevention of CRC in patients with type 2 DM.