Detailed Design Process Research Articles

Design of P2P-SIP System Network Structure Based on JXTA

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is one of the most important signaling connection protocols in the field of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). However, the existing SIP network has some problems such as manual configuration, difficult maintenance and poor scalability. With the development of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) technology, the combination of SIP and P2P has become a trend. JXTA is an open peer-to-peer platform, which provides basic application services for building P2P network. The topic chooses JXTA development platform to build P2P network, and then constructs SIP soft terminal on it. Based on the in-depth study of JXTA structured network and SIP protocol, a P2P SIP system is designed and implemented. The system can maintain normal SIP communication without maintaining the central server. In this paper, the detailed design and implementation process of P2P-SIP system are given, including node join and leave, user join, user search and session establishment. This paper focuses on the implementation process of user search, that is, the collaborative process of discovery service, resolution service, aggregation service and endpoint routing service. Finally, the feasibility of the system is verified by functional test.

Enhancing knowledge management in the PSS detailed design: a case study in a food and bakery machinery company

Most methodologies developed to support the Product-Service System (PSS) design consider the integration of service features into the product design from a high-level of abstraction and are usually focused on the conceptual phase, neglecting the detailed level of design. Besides, the Knowledge Management perspective is not considered in those methodologies, also affecting how new design knowledge is created, formalized, and shared across the company’s organization. The PSS Design GuRu Methodology, grounded on Concurrent Engineering and Design for X approaches, was developed to fill these issues. This study presents how the PSS Design GuRu Methodology can be incorporated into a PSS detailed design process in a B2B company operating in the food and bakery machinery sector, focusing the analysis on its contribution to promoting Knowledge Management. In particular, a detailed case of development and integration of a service feature—the installation service—to a product in the PSS scope is conducted. The PSS Design GuRu Methodology proves to be effective in supporting the generation, management, use, sharing, and reuse of new knowledge in the shape of design guidelines and rules.

Meta‐heuristic optimisation approach for wave energy converter design by means of a stochastic hydrodynamic model

A methodology to automate the sizing of a wave energy converter (WEC) is presented. The preliminary design of WEC geometry is addressed as a mathematical program by means of a meta-heuristic optimisation, which includes as key aspects the use of a multi-objective differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm and the implementation of a stochastic hydrodynamic model of the WEC. In this methodology, the WEC concept, the control strategy, the power take-off characteristics and the location have been taken into consideration due to their strong influence on the WEC design. As a case example, a real project has been selected, and the methodology has been applied to two test locations. Stochastic models are used to handle irregular sea states and to obtain statistical information while reducing the calculation effort when compared to time-domain models. The output derived from the proposed methodology is a set of feasible solutions so-called Pareto frontier. These solutions can be used as inputs for a detailed design process. Data from real projects could be used to further develop the sizing methodology by improving the algorithm convergence, refining the requirements, or including new restrictions.

L2-Gain Based Adaptive Robust Heel/Roll Reduction Control Using Fin Stabilizer during Ship Turns

The rolling and heeling experienced by a ship during turning will be more severe under the interference of winds and waves, which will seriously affect the navigation safety of the ship. The fin stabilizer is currently the best active anti-rolling device, which is usually used to reduce the roll of the ship during straight-line sailing. The purpose of this work is to study the use of fin stabilizers to reduce the rolling and heeling during ship turning, considering the non-linearity and uncertainty during the rotation. The 4 degrees of freedom (4-DOF) nonlinear motion model of a multi-purpose naval vessel is established. The forces and moments produced by fin stabilizers, rudders, propellers, and waves are also considered. The nonlinear control model of rotation and roll is derived and established. Given the non-linearity and uncertainty in the ship turning process, an L2-gain based robust adaptive control is proposed to control the fin stabilizers to reduce the turning heel and roll motion. The proof of the stability and the detailed design process of the controller are also given. Simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. For comparison purposes, the simulation results under a well-tuned PID controller are also given. The simulation results show that the developed control strategy can effectively reduce the heel and roll during ship turns, and it has good robustness against uncertainty and internal and external interference.

Three-stage optimization method for distributed energy system design under uncertainty

Reasonable capacity configurations of distributed energy system are issues which need to be discussed. Determinate design without considering variations in energy load and energy prices can result in non-achievement of project targets during its service life. Therefore, a design method that takes into account uncertain factors takes precedence over other methods. In this paper, a three-stage optimization method is proposed to provide theoretical guidance on the optimization of combined cooling, heating, and power system configurations. The first two stages link the optimization of the operation strategy and equipment capacities simultaneously under current load and energy prices. The Monte-Carlo simulation is applied in the third stage to fully consider the effects of various possible scenarios, and the Tabu search algorithm was introduced for system optimization. The comprehensive benefits include energy consumption, economy, and emission level. These were taken into consideration in the objective function. Moreover, a detailed design process was presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method. In conclusion, the proposed method is not only suitable for the design of combined cooling, heating, and power system, but could easily extend to other energy system easily.

FPGA Realizations of Chaotic Epidemic and Disease Models Including Covid-19

The spread of epidemics and diseases is known to exhibit chaotic dynamics; a fact confirmed by many developed mathematical models. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempt to realize any of these chaotic models in analog or digital electronic form has been reported in the literature. In this work, we report on the efficient FPGA implementations of three different virus spreading models and one disease progress model. In particular, the Ebola, Influenza, and COVID-19 virus spreading models in addition to a Cancer disease progress model are first numerically analyzed for parameter sensitivity via bifurcation diagrams. Subsequently and despite the large number of parameters and large number of multiplication (or division) operations, these models are efficiently implemented on FPGA platforms using fixed-point architectures. Detailed FPGA design process, hardware architecture and timing analysis are provided for three of the studied models (Ebola, Influenza, and Cancer) on an Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7 FPGA chip. All models are also implemented on a high performance Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A100TCSG324 FPGA for comparison of the needed hardware resources. Experimental results showing real-time control of the chaotic dynamics are presented.

Quantifying Life Cycle Inventories for Machining Processes at Detailed Design

This paper quantifies machining process inventories based on commonly used techniques in various stages of the detailed design process. We investigate variabilities in process inventories between these techniques and their relation to manufacturing process parameters, which are required for generating machine-level instructions. We also benchmark these process inventory modeling techniques against experimental measurements. We then showcase potential issues of using available process models without properly accounting for product and process differences. Our results caution practitioners against basing their environmental analyses on data collected prior to detailed process planning. We conclude that accurate quantification of machining process inventories requires combining accurate simulation-based models with data-driven estimates for model parameters.

Detailed Thermal Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polylactic Acid Based Carbon Composites Used in Additive Manufacturing.

Currently, 3D printing is an affordable technology for industry, healthcare, and individuals. Understanding the mechanical properties and thermoplastic behaviour of the composites is critical for the users. Our results give guidance for certain target groups including professionals in the field of additive manufacturing for biomedical components with in-depth characterisation of the examined commercially available ABS and PLA carbon-based composites. The study aimed to characterize these materials in terms of thermal behaviour and structure. The result of the heating-cooling loops is the thermal hysteresis effect of Ohmic resistance with its accommodation property in the temperature range of 20–84 °C for ESD-ABS and 20–72 °C for ESD-PLA. DSC-TGA measurements showed that the carbon content of the examined ESD samples is ~10–20% (m/m) and there is no significant difference in the thermodynamic behaviour of the basic ABS/PLA samples and their ESD compounds within the temperature range typically used for 3D printing. The results support the detailed design process of 3D-printed electrical components and prove that ABS and PLA carbon composites are suitable for prototyping and the production of biomedical sensors.

Fractional order harmonic disturbance observer control for three-phase [formula omitted]-type inverter

The quality of output current of LCL-type voltage source inverter (VSI) is degraded by the grid voltage distortion, the dead time effect, and the parameter mismatches. This paper proposes a novel fractional order harmonic disturbance observer-based control (FOHDO) for the three-phase LCL-type inverter to suppress all the dc- and ac-component periodic disturbances. Firstly, a harmonic disturbance observer based control for LCL-type inverter is proposed with the internal model knowledge of the periodic disturbances signals. Subsequently, the FOHDO based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial fractional order delay approximation is put forward to enhance the adaptability of the grid frequency. Then, the stability and robustness performance of the proposed FOHDO for LCL-type inverter are evaluated, which also involves a detailed parameter design process. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed FOHDO method are verified by both experimental and simulation results.

Feedforward phase compensation method of LCL grid‐connected inverter based on all‐pass filter in weak grid

Inverter-side current feedback control (ICFC) has been extensively adopted in distributed generation systems because of its simple implementation and better consistency with actual operating conditions. At the same time, when there are a large number of background harmonics in the grid, capacitor voltage feedforward (CVF) is usually added to the system for its suppression. This method could make the system keep the first-order characteristics under the analogue control. However, under digital control, due to the digital control delay, a reverse resonance peak will be generated in the loop gain, which makes the system unstable in the weak grid. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, this study proposes a feedforward phase compensation method of LCL grid-connected inverter based on the all-pass filter (AF). By introducing AF into the CVF channel, the phase lag in the range of reverse resonance peak frequency is compensated, so as to enhance the robustness of the system in the weak grid. At the same time, this study gives the detailed design process of the proposed method. Experimental results on a 3-kW prototype are provided, and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified..

РОЗРОБКА ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ У НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС ЗЗСО ВЕБ-ПОРТАЛУ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАТИКИ

The article is devoted to the issue of development and subsequent implementation of a web portal for the study of computer science by students of GSEI. It was done overview of the subject area of research, an analysis of capabilities and structure of educational portals. There is a process of gaining experience, finding ways to improve the quality of education and new forms of using information and communication technologies in various educational processes. An analysis of similar research in this regard shows that software products that meet such needs can be developed on the basis of web technologies. Web technologies have a number of advantages for the realization of educational needs of students and teachers. The purpose of this article is to design and develop a web portal for the study of computer science in the 9th grade GSEI on the basis of CMS WordPress. The choice of web resource development platform is substantiated; detailed information system design process; proposed structural and functional scheme of the design object. The integration of scientific and educational resources in the portal allows simplifying administration and making resources more accessible. The purpose of building such an environment is to provide wider access to scientific and educational information compared to traditional technologies of scientific and pedagogical communication. A detailed description of each of the resource blocks and their functionality was made. The web portal is introduced into the educational process and outlines the prospects for further scientific research in the chosen direction. We see the prospect of further research in the current direction in expanding the functions of the educational web portal for studying computer science in the 9th grade of GSEI, in particular, the possibility of organizing an internal forum, video communication between students and teachers, cooperation with larger educational web portals.

A Submillimeter Level Relative Navigation Technology for Spacecraft Formation Flying in Highly Elliptical Orbit.

Spacecraft formation flying (SFF) in highly elliptical orbit (HEO) has attracted a great deal of attention in many space exploration applications, while precise guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) technology—especially precise ranging—are the basis of success for such SFF missions. In this paper, we introduce a novel K-band microwave ranging (MWR) equipment for the on-orbit verification of submillimeter-level precise ranging technology in future HEO SFF missions. The ranging technique is a synchronous dual one-way ranging (DOWR) microwave phase accumulation system, which achieved a ranging accuracy of tens of microns in the laboratory environment. The detailed design and development process of the MWR equipment are provided, ranging error sources are analyzed, and relative orbit dynamic models for HEO formation scenes are given with real perturbations considered. Moreover, an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is introduced for SFF relative navigation design, incorporating process noise uncertainty. The performance of SFF relative navigation while using MWR is tested in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system within a high-precision six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) moving platform. The final range estimation errors from MWR using the adaptive filter were less than 35 m and 8.5 m/s for range rate, demonstrating the promising accuracy for future HEO formation mission applications.

A detailed process design for conventional friction stir welding of aluminum alloys and an overview of related knowledge

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) has matured considerably since its introduction in 1991. Over the last decades, it has indeed branched and been applied in different fields, such as automotive, aerospace, railway, and shipbuilding. This article aims to survey the basic knowledge related to the conventional FSW of aluminum alloys in order to provide a tool for understanding the friction stir processes. The review covers the five basic process parameters: rotational speed, welding speed, tool geometry, tilt angle, and plunge depth. Furthermore, it presents the related equations and recommended ranges of those parameters to facilitate the process design step for industrial implementation. A sample of 30 published articles was drawn for that purpose. The current article also discusses the main five properties most researchers are interested in, namely, microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength, residual stresses, and distortion.

Soap Making Machine Development For Home Appliances

Nowadays, most of the time people will using cooking oil to bake, fry and other type of cooking. There are many types of cooking oil such as olive oil, palm oil, canola oil, vegetable oil and etc. Normally, only two or three times the oil can be used for fry. After that, the oil will throw away. The disposal of used cooking oil is an important factor for the waste-management. Most people will dump the used cooking oil in the kitchen sink. This will led to blockage to the pipe and contaminate water. Without people realise, used cooking oil can be recycled in to soap for general purposes. The aim of this research is to develop a semi-automatic machine for making soap by using used cooking oil as main ingredients. There were a lots of process involved such as how to gain the voice of customer (VOC), concept selection, detail design, fabrication and testing process in order to verify the quality and time taken to produce the soaps. This machine can be used in every kitchen of household and not for mass production. Meanwhile, user can make their own soap for general purpose such as to wash floor, car and drain. Moreover, this can save environment.

Research on Attack Detection Method of Photovoltaic Grid-connected Interface Device Based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree

Photovoltaic grid-connected interface devices are an important class of smart devices in microgrids. The authenticity and reliability of the data they acquire, as well as the safety and stability of operation, are related to the safe and reliable operation of the entire microgrid system. However, in the context of microgrid intelligence and informatization, information / network attacks will become the norm, making network-dependent information interaction methods subject to various security risks. The photovoltaic grid-connected interface device involves an open operating environment and is extremely vulnerable to network attacks. The attack information will occupy the space or resources of the photovoltaic grid-connected interface device, making the photovoltaic grid-connected interface device unable to respond to other important requests or instructions in a timely manner, and in severe cases, will cause the device to be paralyzed and affect the normal system operation. Aiming at the above problems, this paper presents an attack detection method based on the gradient-upgraded decision tree model, and gives a detailed design process of attack detection model of the photovoltaic grid-connected interface device. That is, the important data flow in the photovoltaic grid-connected interface device is used as the input of the gradient-upgraded decision tree model, and then the gradient-upgraded decision tree model detect or classify flows, finally, intercept the data flow with attack behavior and give a warning prompt, and forward data without attack behaviors normally.

Research on Attack Detection Method of Microgrid Central Controller Based on Convolutional Neural Network

The microgrid central controller (MGCC) integrates the functions of control, monitoring, and communication in microgrid system, and has powerful capabilities of information collection and data processing. However, with the development of microgrid system worldwide, the information security management capabilities of the MGCC are poor, If information / network attacks cannot be actively detected and identified, it will easily reduce the reliability of the microgird system operation. Attackers can use abnormal information or use the MGCC as a springboard to further attack the upper-layer system. Aiming at the above problems, this paper presents an attack detection method based on convolutional neural network, and a detailed design process of attack detection model of the MGCC is proposed. In the attack detection method, the important data streams in the MGCC are used as the input of the convolutional neural network model, then the convolutional neural network model detects or classifies these data streams, finally, intercept the data flow with attack behavior and give a warning prompt, and forward data without attack behaviors normally.

Furfural to 1,4-Butanediol/Tetrahydrofuran - A Detailed Catalyst and Process Design.

The feasibility to convert furan, a direct derivative of furfural, to a mixture of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is demonstrated with industrially acceptable performances using mm-sized pellets of a carbon-supported RePd catalyst for 2000 h of operation. The reaction schemes were unraveled by spiking potential reaction intermediates and a full kinetic model was developed. Finally, we developed a comprehensive process flow scheme that integrates the conversion of furfural to furan, the recovery and purification of furan, its reductive hydration to BDO/THF as well as the recovery and purification of BDO and THF. This process concept appears economically viable at current furfural, BDO and THF market prices.

Design Process and Verification of SPMSM for a Wearable Robot Considering Thermal Characteristics Through LPTN

According to an understanding of wearable robot systems, this article suggests an appropriate design process for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) for the joints of wearable robots. The major requirements of SPMSM for the wearable robot are investigated and categorized into the dimensional constraints, electromagnetic performances, and thermal restrictions. Given the defined requirements, the electric motor design process for an actual robot is proposed, considering electromagnetic and thermal characteristics. For thermal analysis, the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) is adopted, and the process to compose a precise LPTN for the SPMSM is presented. With given controller and electric motor specifications, the numbers of poles and slots are determined, and fractional-slot concentrated winding is adopted considering the overall behavior of the SPMSM such as torque density and noise and vibration. As a preliminary design, the shape of the rotor including permanent magnets, shape of the stator, and the number of turns are designed via space harmonic analysis which is fast. Subsequently, a detailed design process is performed via finite-element analysis. At this stage, the thermal characteristics considering the driving cycle are analyzed via the LPTN, which is appropriate for parametric design. The final model is determined from electromechanical and thermal viewpoint. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the proposed design process.

A Unified Startup Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converters With Deadbeat Predictive Current Control

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are very promising and attractive in medium-/high-voltage applications. One of the main technical challenges associated with MMCs is to precharge all submodule (SM) capacitors to their nominal voltage values during a startup process. This article proposes a simple and effective startup strategy for MMCs based on a deadbeat predictive current control. This strategy can realize a fast precharge for all the SM capacitors from either ac-side or dc-side main voltages without any inrush current and, thus, guarantees a rapid and safe startup of MMCs. With the developed strategy, precharge currents from both ac-side and dc-side can be easily regulated in a closed-loop manner with an excellent dynamic performance. Moreover, conventional controller design and parameter tuning are not necessary, which greatly reduces design burdens and structural complexities of the control algorithm, and consequently facilitates its implementations. Detailed design processes and considerations of the proposed startup strategy are introduced and analyzed. The effectiveness and performance of the developed strategy are verified by sufficient experimental results.

Instructional design for single information literacy sessions

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the Understanding by Design instructional design framework can be applied to design high-quality single-session information literacy instruction. The author describes the Understanding by Design process in detail, noting modifications for single instructional session design with examples from the application of this instructional design process to design co-curricular instruction sessions for undergraduates.