Destination Characteristics Research Articles

The effect of environmental change on out-migration in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

We study how environmental change affects out-migration in the Brazilian Amazon using census data on municipal-level migration flows between 2005 and 2010. We characterize environmental change in terms of increases in municipal deforested area and gradual changes in temperature and precipitation as well as extreme weather events. Our empirical analysis is based on gravity models of migration, which consider simultaneously characteristics of origins and destinations as determinants of migration flows, treating for potential sources of endogeneity. We find evidence that out-migration from the Amazon region of Brazil is mainly associated with prior levels of deforestation, which is partially explained by the life cycle channel: a younger generation leaving the old frontier of colonization to an aging population. Furthermore, the links between environmental change and migration are more evident in the context of rural-urban and intra-regional migration, contributing to the process of urbanization in the Amazon.

Characterizing Tourism Destination and Policies Forward: The Case in Bantayan Island, Philippines

This work reports a holistic tourism destination assessment of Bantayan Island (Philippines) using an expanded tourism area life cycle (TALC) model. The expanded TALC contains five evaluation areas: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impact, social impact, and environmental impact. Using various sources of evidence, findings suggest that Bantayan Island is positioned in the involvement stage of the TALC model. However, specific areas yield different results as the island is in the development–consolidation stage for destination characteristics, involvement–development for marketing response, involvement for economic impacts, development for social impacts, and involvement for environmental impacts. With these findings, various policy insights for destination management are offered, such as establishing carrying capacity, embracing a proactive marketing content and marketing analytics, managing resiliency of the locals and the tourism industry, integrating local culture in tourism packages, and reducing material and energy use and waste generation. These insights can be extended to other tourism destinations with similar conditions, particularly in developing countries.

다목적지 여행에서 관광 목적지 순위의 결정 요인

Tourism has been recognized as a critical power for sound condition of regional economy. It is also essential to understand tourists’ multi-destination travel patterns for vitalizing regional tourism, since tourists tend to visit multi-destinations during their single trip. Applying Anchor-point Theory, this study investigated the determinants related to the ranks in tourism destination hierarchy, which was computed by social network analysis techniques, such as degree centrality. We used raw data of “2016 Korea National Tourism Survey” and “Regional Tourism Competitiveness Model Index,” conducted by Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism of Korea and Korea National Tourism Organization, respectively. Data were analyzed using social network analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that Haeundae was the 1st-ranked tourist destination in both in-degree and out-degree networks, and confirmed to be the anchor-point among other tourist destinations. Meanwhile, out of fifteen tourism competitiveness indicators, only the number of tourism accommodations was significantly related to in-degree centrality scores (ranks), while no other indicators showed such relationships. The results hold several theoretical and practical implications regarding travelers’ multi-destination travel behaviors and the relationship between the characteristics of tourism destinations and multi-destination travel of travelers.

Destinasyon Özelliklerinin ve Algılanan Destinasyon Kişiliğinin Davranışsal Niyetler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Şirince Örneği

With globalization, competition conditions are difficult and consumers are in search of new destinations, making it necessary for destinations to differ from their competitors. At this point, destinations are trying to brand, just like businesses. Destination personality is also an important factor in the branding and preference of a destination. The personality of the destination provides a strong link between the visitor and the destination and can affect consumer behavior. Therefore, the destination personality that they will create with their unique features in terms of obtaining competitive advantage has an important place in terms of marketing. In this context, the aim of the research is to determine the effect of the destination characteristics and perceived destination personality that are effective in choosing Sirince on behavioral intentions. Another aim of the study is to examine whether the destination properties have an effect on the perceived destination personality. For this purpose, face-to-face questionnaires were applied to 388 domestic tourists visiting Sirince. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceived destination personality has a significant effect on behavioral intentions and the destination properties affect the destination personality.

Out of the city – but how and where? A mode-destination choice model for urban–rural tourism trips in Austria

ABSTRACT Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban–rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.

Destination atmospheric cues as key influencers of tourists’ word-of-mouth communication: tourist visitation at two Mediterranean capital cities

ABSTRACT The impact of destination atmospheric cues – as representations of destination characteristics – on tourists’ intention to engage in word-of-mouth (WOM) communication is examined, adopting a well-established retailing theoretical underpinning; the Stimuli-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. In doing so, this research incorporates both affective and cognitive states and processes as Organism. Evidence from 1025 tourists who visited Lisbon, Portugal and 1002 who visited Athens, Greece offers support to the S-O-R model and at the same time (a) exemplifies the explanatory power of Organism in the relationship between destination atmospheric cues and WOM communication intention, (b) recognizes the key role of negative affect for both destinations, as well as of the positive affect for Athens only, and (c) highlights the procedural nature of the cognitive state of Organism. This research corroborates the value of examining tourists’ behaviour through the lens of S-O-R and how both affective and cognitive elements of Organism contribute to decision-making in a procedural manner. Managerial implications for tourism destination marketers are also discussed.

Tourism destinations: A universality conjecture based on network science

The structural characteristics of a tourism destination are of crucial importance since they influence its dynamic behavior. Many studies have shown that destinations have apparently similar topologies. The question posited in this paper is to what extent does this similarity hold, and whether these topologies can be considered as a universal trait. This study reanalyzes available data to test this conjecture. In particular, several quantities representing the topological structures of the destination are calculated; further, we obtain size-invariant and scalable similarity scores. The results indicate that destinations hold structurally similar, and arguably universal, characteristics. This finding is important as it suggests that there are some very basic (and consistent) strategies destination managers can develop when designing plans and actions.

Investigating brand strategy gap in Hong Kong: first impressions and unique attractions

ABSTRACT A brand strategy gap refers to a deviation of the projected destination image of the destination marketing organizations (DMOs) from the perceived image of residents. This gap can be represented by the perceptions of the city’s most salient features and unique attractions by government officials and local residents. Given the difference in sample sizes, the gap is examined with the aid of CATPAC, a neutral network content analysis software which allows the quantification of the frequency and clustering of textual answers of the respondent groups, and the relationships across such answers. In Hong Kong, an empirical study confirms that the two groups share similarities and discrepancies regarding both the most salient destination images and unique attractions. They share characteristics of an urban destination as the first impression, and features (Victoria Harbour, cultural attributes, skyscrapers and beaches) that are unique attractions though respondents also create different mental interrelationships in their perceptions of the destination image.

INTELLIGENT SERVICE PUSH METHOD BASED ON ACTIVE GEOGRAPHIC PERCEPTION

Abstract. In view of the lack of consideration of user behavior motives in traditional personalized precision service systems, the accuracy of service content is not high.In order to solve this problem, research on personalized accurate service push method based on active geographic perception. By constructing a geographic feature information model, get the characteristics of the user's destination in real time, and then infer the user's behavioral motivation. Focusing on active geographic awareness technology and personalized precision service methods, the concept, principle, process and key technologies of active geographic sensing are studied, determined the main research content of active geographic perception and the relationship. Then analyze and discuss the construction method of active geographic awareness architecture, developed a geographic feature content system and studied its extraction and weight calculation methods. By the way, according to the characteristics of active geo-sensing, an active awareness API conforming to high efficiency and real-time is designed. Then explored the personalized accurate service push method based on active geographic perception,designed three processes of geographic awareness, service retrieval and service push, a service retrieval and delivery method is proposed. Finally, a personalized precise service system based on active geographical perception is designed. By adding geographic features to the personalized precision service, it can make up for the lack of service personalization and lack of precision caused by ignoring user motivation, which provides a new idea for more accurate and personalized service push.

The migration destination of rural labor and nearby urbanization of small cities: a case study of Henan province, China

The purpose of the research described in this article is to explore the possibility of floating population in central China migrate over short distances and to be residents in small cities. Based on the questionnaire survey of the rural areas in Henan Province, the article analyzes the characteristics of migration destinations, and the influencing factors of their choices to flow into small cities from the characteristics of the floating population’s individuals, families, and outflow areas using a multinomial logistic regression analysis method. The results show that: (1) The proportion of migrant workers flowing into small cities is 44.8% of the entire sample. Compared to other migration destinations, small cities are the most destined, not large or super-sized cities. (2) The migrant workers whose households are in the period of family expansion and stability are more likely to migrate over short distances (namely migrate into small cities); the female migrant workers with the traditional family role of caring for the elderly and children are more likely to migrate over short distances; meanwhile, the migrant workers are more likely to migrate over short distances from the regions are those mainly areas with specialized agriculture, or the suburban areas of cities where there are more nonagricultural jobs.

Abstract WP16: The Safety and Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients on Oral Anticoagulation: The Florida Stroke Registry

Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT ) is the only available reperfusion treatment in acute ischemic patients on prior oral anticoagulants (OACs). We evaluated the practice patterns, safety, and outcomes of EVT in patients on OAC therapy. Methods: From 2010 to 2019, 84,346 ischemic stroke patients presenting within 24 hours of symptoms across 107hospitals were enrolled in the Florida Stroke Registry, of which 5,702 received EVT. We collected data on demographics, past history, medications, NIHSS, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), discharge destination and hospital characteristics and used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to identify differences in outcome based on anticoagulation status. Results: Among all EVT patients (mean age 71±15 years, 48% women), 969 (17%) were treated with OAC. Compared to those not on OACs, anticoagulated patients were older (mean age 75.5±12.8 vs 70.0 ±14.9 years), more women (56% vs 50%), Hispanics (25% vs 20%), Medicare patients (44% vs 34%) and more likely to have atrial fibrillation (78.5% vs 27%), present earlier to the hospital (101 min vs 122 min) with similar clinical severity (median NIHSS 16 vs 15). There was no significant difference in length of stay 0-6 days (OAC 45.7% vs 46.8%), mRS 0-2 (OAC 23.9% vs 30.9%), independent ambulation (OAC 31.1% vs 38.3%), sICH (OAC 6.1% vs 5.4%), life-threatening or serious hemorrhage (OAC 0.4% vs 0.8%) or mortality (OAC 9.8% vs 9.8%) between the two groups. After multivariate adjustment, EVT patients on OACs were less likely to be discharged home compared to patients not on OACs (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05-0.31). Conclusion: In this large, multi-center study, EVT for patients with acute ischemic stroke on oral anticoagulation therapy did not result in higher rates of sICH, life threatening hemorrhage or death, though these patients are less likely to be discharged directly home.

Destinasyon Markası Oluşumunda Gastronomik Kimlik ve İmaj: Konya Örneği

Determining inimitable branding elements for destinations has become a necessity owing to a host of reasons including the dynamics of the tourism market, changing demands and expectations of tourists, and the need to sustain competitive edge of tourist destinations. The gastronomical identity and image of a region develops as people associate specific food and beverages with that specific region. Gastronomical identity and image differ from destination to destination, and such differences contributes to the hard to copy, genuine, and symbolic features of destinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity and image elements influencing destination brand formation. In this study, in accordance with the gastronomic image model, the relationship between affective gastronomic image, cognitive/perceptual gastronomic image, overall gastronomic image and the effect of overall gastronomic image on the overall destination image were determined. Quantitative means of data collection were utilized in the study. The data collection instrument consisted a gastronomical image perceptions scale and a structured open-ended question form. The target population of the study was tourist who visited Konya Province between on 3th December 2017- 15th August 2018. The participants were gathered through convenience sampling and 404 tourists participated in the study. The data were analyzed employing structural model tests, t-Test and ANOVA. The results indicated that (a) overall gastronomical image had a subsantial effect on destination image, (b) affective image had a subsantial effect on cognitive/perceptual image and overall gastronomical image, and (c) cognitive/perceptual image had a moderate effect on overall gastronomical image. Moreover, the most frequent responses associated with Konya’s gastronomical brand perception were etliekmek (meat bread) and okra soup.

The effects of empathy and persuasion of storytelling via tourism micro-movies on travel willingness

ABSTRACTDomestic and foreign tourism marketing has adopted micro-movies as a new tourism information communication media in recent years. A tourism micro-movie compiles the story content to include the scenic spots and characteristics of travel destinations, thus enabling viewers to resonate with the leading characters and story plots when watching the micro-movie. Therefore, this study investigates tourism micro-movies and analyzes whether the empathy and persuasion developed by the story plots in viewers when watching them will affect their attitude and response to travel destinations and further induce their travel willingness.

Talking Business: New Evidence on How Language Shapes Economic Behaviour

We provide a large scale within-country analysis of the effect of language future time reference (FTR) on the choice of being an entrepreneur using individual-level data from Switzerland, a country characterized by a unique long-standing multilingualism and a large share of immigrant population. We test the hypothesis that speakers of weak FTR languages may have a closer perception of future rewards and be more willing to become entrepreneurs, a choice that reflects future orientation. Our analysis consistently indicates that immigrants who speak weak FTR languages are around 2 percent more likely to be entrepreneurs compared to speakers of strong FTR languages, net of unobservable ancestral cultural traits, districts of destination's characteristics, linguistic features other than FTR, and whether individuals maintain their native language or switch to one of the four Swiss languages.

Important Factors in Packaging Iranian Fruits and Vegetables for Export to Russia and Iraq

Packaging is one of the important marketing tools needed for manufacturers and exporters of products to increase their competitiveness in international markets. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors in the packaging of fruits and vegetables for export. This study has practical purposes, and data collection is performed and described with a qualitative analysis approach. Interviews are structured or semi-structured. In this way, by interviewing export and packaging experts, traders, and senior executives of companies exporting fruit and vegetables, we examine the factors that affect customers' decisions to buy exported agricultural products. Data analysis is performed using the theme analysis method, and using MAXQDA software. The results show that the factors affecting the packaging are categorized into seven classes: environmental issues; appearance characteristics; shipping conditions; rules and regulations; characteristics of the export destination; product information and product type.

Logistical and infrastructural components of hospitality industry destinations

The essential structural and functional characteristics of destinations in the hospitality industry have been considered in the article. The current trends in the hospitality destinations and the influential factors determining the need to develop new methods and managerial tools based on systematic approach have been analyzed. The infrastructural and logistical components of tourist destinations are singled out. The attention was focused on the objective need to improve the organizational, functional, informational and managerial aspects of logistics and infrastructure support of the hospitality industry destinations as a basis for its sustainable development and achieving strong competitive market positions. Certain areas for innovative logistic and infrastructural subsystem improvements concerning the hospitality industry destinations in the conditions of current challenges and threats have been described. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the necessity to concentrate efforts on building up national destinations, oriented on Ukrainian consumer as a stable source of income to the local budget rises. Also authors stress the low level of average income of Ukrainians and insufficient customer service as a restraining factor for hospitality industry. The principles of a transparent logistical promotion of goods, services, finances in the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant business by using modern smart technologies have been substantiated. The main emphasis has been placed on the expediency of introducing modern information and communication technologies, logistics and cluster approaches into the hospitality industry destinations.

Psychological factors affecting the behavioral intention of the tourist visiting Southeastern Anatolia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationship between personality traits, travel motivations, perceived destination quality, overall destination satisfaction and behavioral intentions of domestic tourists.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative research method was used in the study. A survey technique was used to collect data. Data were applied to incoming domestic tourist to Gaziantep and Sanliurfa cities in Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling.FindingsThe study showed that personal traits “agreeableness” and “conscientiousness” positively affect relaxation motivation. Cultural and relaxation motivations had a positive impact on satisfaction, whereas pleasure-seeking motivation has a negative impact on satisfaction. In addition, overall destination satisfaction is positively affected by destination quality perceptions and affects loyalty in a positive way.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the literature review phase, no scale was found according to different destination characteristics (cultural, nature and sea destinations). In this regard, developing new scales to measure destination quality in accordance with different destination types would allow comprehending the subject in a more clear and detailed way.Practical implicationsThe establishment of relationship between variable examined by this study ensures that product and services provided by the destination reach the correct target audience, which brings along the success to destination. For instance, destination management organizations could get information from travel agencies they work with about the characteristics, and motivations of tourists, and could develop their strategies, and plans, accordingly.Originality/valueThis study has three important contributions. First, revealing the role of personality in tourist behavior; second, their behaviors and attitude before (motivation and personality) during (destination quality and satisfaction) and after visiting (behavioral intentions) were examined; and third, personality, travel motivation, destination quality and satisfaction are discussed together as a model in this study.

Impact of High-Speed Rail on Cultural Tourism Development: The Experience of the Spanish Museums and Monuments

Although transport infrastructure is one of the prominent factors that make Spain a major tourist destination, the international literature has revealed that the opening of new High-Speed Rail (HSR) lines is not sufficient by itself in order to increase tourist outputs in the new connected destinations. Nevertheless, the roles played by different characteristics of both travelers and destinations are of interest but they still remain not sufficiently explored. This paper focuses on the role played by HSR in fostering cultural tourism by applying a fixed-effect econometric model to a panel database (1988–2017). The database includes the number of tourists to some of the major Spanish cultural centers. The results show different impacts based on the regions, the characteristics of the museums, and the expected tourists. For destinations with previous cultural attraction, a positive effect is more evident. Moreover, the centrality of the HSR station as an enabling factor as well as the growth of the tourist market to the surrounding municipalities has been detected. Another interesting result is related to the cooperation effect between HSR and air transport, which encourages the arrivals of foreign tourists. These findings should help planners to develop policies that optimize tourist revenues by exploiting the potential of HSR development in the future.

Attribute perception and tourist’s choice for wildlife tourism destination

PurposeThis study investigates the relationships of visitors’ recreational experiences and their future behavior for the wildlife destinations of Assam, a North-Eastern state of India.Design/methodology/approachRecreational experiences have been measured through the visitors’ perceptions on various destination characteristics. The future behavior of the visitors is measured by considering two indicators in the forms of revisit and recommendation to others. Primary data, collected from two wildlife destinations have been analyzed by using structural equation modeling technique.FindingsThe empirical results have revealed the influence of destination characteristics on visitors’ future behavior, where perceptions mediate the relationship.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the adoption of policies to create positive perceptions on destination attributes and product oriented promotional strategies toward making wildlife destinations more competitive. The study also provides implications for tourism literature by suggesting an integrative approach for better understanding of tourists’ future behavior.Originality/valueThe study is based on primary data collected from two wildlife destinations of Assam. The investigation will help to adopt policies to make wildlife destinations more competitive.

Pathways: Examining Street Network Configurations, Structural Characteristics and Spatial Crime Patterns in Street Segments

Although theories suggest that street network configurations (pathways) are important factors for understanding the spatial patterns of crime, relatively less attention has been paid to the association between the physical configuration of the street network and the level of crime in place. Consequently, we employed the concept of betweenness centrality in the context of the street network to empirically measure the potential foot traffic passing through a given street segment. We introduce a methodological refinement by accounting for the characteristics of origin and destination of each potential trip (where travelers are from and tend to go) using residential population in origins and destinations and the number of various types of business employees in destinations. Moreover, we posit that the effect of potential foot traffic into a given street segment will be moderated by certain social environmental characteristics such as socioeconomic status of place. By using data on a sample of 300,000 street segments in the Southern California region across 130 cities, we estimate a set of negative binomial regression models including the betweenness measures. Our results show that betweenness centrality has a curvilinear relationship with violent and property crime: At lower levels, increases in betweenness results in increased crime, yet the pattern becomes crime-reducing at higher values of the betweenness measure. We also found that the pattern is moderated by the socioeconomic status of the street segment. The current study highlights that there is an important relationship of the physical environment in terms of the street network configuration and crime in street segments.