Desirable Criteria Research Articles

Mapping in harmony: Co-designing user interfaces for conflict management on OSM

Online peer-production communities (OPPCs) have witnessed producer conflicts that negatively impact their project quality and producer morale. In response to such issues, OPPCs have supported producers to self-manage conflict as its frequency is exceeding the capacity of volunteer moderators. In this paper, we solicit design guidelines reflecting producers’ requirements and perspectives for self-conflict management in an OPPC called OpenStreetMap (OSM). We use the OSM Changeset Discussions user interface – one of OSM’s tools designed to facilitate conflict management – as our target interface. We conduct co-design workshops to collect OSM mappers’ perspectives on the existing conflict management user interface (UI) and re-design alternatives based on mappers’ suggestions. We collect rich reflections on four design prompts covering the User Experience (UX) criteria of utility, usability, desirability, and adoptability, contrasting the current and alternative Changeset Discussion UI designs. Our results lead to two design guidelines: (1) provide gentle and non-intrusive reminders customized based on OSM’s mapper profile and (2) provide customizable mapper profile information displayed during online discussion. We discuss challenges associated with the co-designing process in an OPPC as OSM and how future studies should focus on making incremental changes based on user-participatory methods to minimize any user resistance.

Comprehensive assessment of technical condition of vehicles during operation based on Harrington’s desirability function

The object of research is the process of changing the technical condition of vehicles during their operation. The study solved the problem of comprehensive evaluation of change in the technical condition based on Harrington’s desirability function. The essence of the results is as follows. A scale of desirability was built and a set of criteria for assessing the technical condition of vehicles was clarified. A general desirability index is proposed as a convolution of partial Harrington desirability functions. When solving the investigated problem, the characteristics and properties of the partial and generalized Harrington’s desirability function and their graphical representation were taken into account. Using an example of the technical condition of the chassis and braking system of vehicles, a set of controlled parameters was formed. Based on the values of the controlled parameters, the regression equation of the partial Harrington desirability functions was obtained. The value of the weighting coefficients of each of the criteria was determined and the generalized desirability function was calculated. As a result of the study, it was established that if the generalized criterion of desirability is D<0.37, then individual nodes, systems, and units of the vehicle are in a pre-accident condition, if 0.37£D£0.63 – in a satisfactory condition, and if D>0.63 – in a good condition and cannot be the cause of a traffic accident. An applied aspect of the results is the implementation of the technique of comprehensive assessment of the technical condition of the vehicle. This causes an increase in the productivity of the expert (specialist), will shorten the period of the auto technical examination, and improve its quality. The results could be used by insurance companies and investigators, investigators and judges when considering traffic accidents

Treatment of Spray Paint Wastewater by a Coupled Electro-Fenton and SBR Technology

Spray painting wastewater is industrial wastewater created during the painting process; its composition is complicated, comprising a significant number of difficult biodegradable organic matter; nevertheless, the existing technology is not optimal, and the process cannot reach the desired criteria. The water quality of the entry has a higher demand for investment and occupying a vast land. High maintenance expenses, high water quality after treatment, and other issues exist. In this study, the oily spray paint wastewater was treated using an electrochemical and Fenton process, which has a high oxidation capacity, a fast oxidation rate, and a wide application of the characteristics of the Electro-Fenton process used in the pretreatment of spray paint wastewater. This study focuses on the electrochemical optimization and improvement of the Fenton technique, and it employs Fe2+ and H2O2 generated by the electrochemical approach as a continuous source of Fenton reagent. Simultaneously, electrode-related oxidation may destroy organic matter, effectively reducing the concentration of organic matter in spray paint wastewater, and when paired with the traditional Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process (SBR) operation treatment mode, offers a comprehensive process idea. While improving the efficiency and quality of spray paint wastewater treatment, the cost should be kept as low as feasible in order to provide effective reference schemes for spray paint wastewater treatment, allowing for future study.

Investigating the Current Harmonization Status of Tumor Markers Using Global External Quality Assessment Programs: A Feasibility Study.

The harmonization status of most tumor markers (TMs) is unknown. We report a feasibility study performed to determine whether external quality assessment (EQA) programs can be used to obtain insights into the current harmonization status of the tumor markers α-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)125, CA15-3 and CA19-9. EQA sample results provided by 6 EQA providers (INSTAND [Germany], Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service [KEQAS, South Korea], National Center for Clinical Laboratories [NCCL, China], United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service [UK NEQAS, United Kingdom], Stichting Kwaliteitsbewaking Medische Laboratoriumdiagnostiek [SKML, the Netherlands], and the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs [RCPAQAP, Australia]) between 2020 and 2021 were used. The consensus means, calculated from the measurement procedures present in all EQA programs (Abbott Alinity, Beckman Coulter DxI, Roche Cobas, and Siemens Atellica), was used as reference values. Per measurement procedure, the relative difference between consensus mean for each EQA sample and the mean of all patient-pool-based EQA samples were calculated and compared to minimum, desirable, and optimal allowable bias criteria based on biological variation. Between 19040 (CA15-3) and 25398 (PSA) individual results and 56 (PSA) to 76 (AFP) unique EQA samples were included in the final analysis. The mean differences with the consensus mean of patient-pool-based EQA samples for all measurement procedures were within the optimum bias criterion for AFP, the desirable bias for PSA, and the minimum bias criterion for CEA. However, CEA results <8 µg/L exceeded the minimum bias criterion. For CA125, CA15-3, and CA19-9, the harmonization status was outside the minimum bias criterion, with systematic differences identified. This study provides relevant information about the current harmonization status of 6 tumor markers. A pilot harmonization investigation for CEA, CA125, CA15-3, and CA19-9 would be desirable.

The Jigsaw Learning Model to Promote Engagement in the English Language Classroom: A Teacher’s Reflection

Learning activities employing the lecture model have induced boredom among students and resulted in poor participation in the classroom, including in the English as a foreign language class. Low student participation in classrooms may impede the development of their skills. The jigsaw cooperative learning model provides an opportunity for students to collaborate and actively participate. This collaborative action research aims to assist students in addressing engagement issues in English lessons through the jigsaw cooperative learning model. The collaborative action research involved a cohort of 36 primary school students, comprising 20 females and 16 males, in the city of Purwokerto, Indonesia. Data was collected through observation, and the observational data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. After three cycles, student engagement increased from 56% (baseline) to 65.56%, 75.56%, and 79.44%, respectively. The desired criteria for intervention success (75%) were met in cycle 2, leading to the conclusion of the investigation in cycle 3. Based on the results, it can be inferred that the adoption of the jigsaw learning model has effectively enhanced student engagement in the English language class. Practical implications of the study are then presented.

Update on the Selection Criteria of Plastic Surgery Residents: A Survey of Program Directors and Associate Program Directors.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) is recognized as a highly competitive specialty. Since the first assessment of resident selection criteria in 2007, PRS residency programs have adopted holistic review processes and adapted to changes such as a decline in medical schools participating in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society as well as the recent transition to pass/fail grading for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 examination (Schultz et al. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open . 2020;8:e2892; Tadisina et al. Plast Reconstr Surg . 2017;139:330e-331e). This study was devised to evaluate current PRS residency criteria in light of these changes. An anonymous, 12-item, electronic survey was generated and distributed using Alchemer. An email was sent to 171 program directors (PDs) and associate program directors (APDs) of PRS residency programs. Survey questions were developed to collect data regarding respondent demographics and their desired criteria when assessing residency applicants. Complete responses were collected and analyzed with summary statistics and multivariate logistic regression using RStudio (version 1.3.109). In total, 44 (25.7% response rate) of the 171 PDs and APDs completed the survey. Of the 16 programs (36.4%) with a USMLE cutoff score, 7 (43.8%) reported a range of 230 to 239 and 6 (37.5%) reported a range of 240 to 249. Without a score for step 1, the majority (48.8%) of respondents believe that step 2 scores will replace step 1 scores in terms of assessment criteria, and the content of recommendation letters was selected as the criterion with the greatest increase in weight (66.7%). In addition, 27.3% of programs require a step 2 score at the time of interview. The top 3 academic criteria in order of decreasing importance were the content of recommendation letters, clinical grades, and letter writers, whereas the top 3 nonacademic criteria were subinternship performance, maturity, and interview performance. Plastic and reconstructive surgery remains a highly competitive specialty for residency applicants. Our findings suggest that Alpha Omega Alpha membership remains diminished in importance, whereas USMLE cutoff scores have increased. With recent changes in the step 1 grading system, PDs and APDs will rely more heavily on step 2 scores and the content of recommendation letters.

Abbott D-dimer assay: analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy in management of venous thromboembolism

This study aimed to assess analytical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy in management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the Emergency Department (ED) of the Abbott D-dimer assay applied on the Alinity c clinical chemistry analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) compared to the INNOVANCE D-dimer assay (Siemens Healthineers, Marburg, Germany). Precision was determined at three concentration levels following the CLSI EP15-A3 protocol. Method comparison and diagnostic accuracy were assessed using samples obtained from 85 patients who were referred for diagnostic imaging and D-dimer testing due to clinically suspected VTE. Within-run coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.0%, 0.5% and 0.5% at D-dimer concentrations of 0.54, 1.42 and 2.68 mg/L FEU, while respective between-run CVs were 2.0%, 3.4% and 2.7%, hence fulfilling the desirable biological variation criteria for imprecision (<12.6%). Passing–Bablok regression analysis yielded a small proportional difference between the two compared assays (y = 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.18) x + 0.09 (95%CI: –0.09 to 0.16)), while Bland–Altman analysis showed significant negative absolute (–0.6 mg/L FEU, 95%CI: –0.9 to −0.3) and relative mean bias (–14.1%, 95%CI: –20.3 to −7.9). Spearman’s ρ was 0.979 (95%CI: 0.967–0.986). Inter-assay agreement relative to the cut-off was 92% (kappa coefficient = 0.547 (95%CI: 0.255–0.839)). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Abbott assay were 100%, 9.2%, 25.3% and 100%, respectively, compared to the following data for the INNOVANCE assay: 95.0%, 15.4%, 25.7% and 90.9%. Abbott D-dimer assay has shown excellent analytical precision, high comparability with the INNOVANCE D-dimer and high NPV at manufacturer’s cut-off.

Engineered Immobilised Organocatalysts for the Synthesis of Chiral Amines

AbstractThe art of tuning functional polymeric materials through the covalent incorporation of organocatalysts lies at the core of creating asymmetric immobilized chiral catalysts that mimic the enzymatic action. Herein, we explore diverse synthetic techniques to immobilize l‐proline‐derived N‐carbonyl amides on functional polymeric matrices, transforming them into chiral Lewis bases for facilitating the asymmetric reduction of ketimines with HSiCl3. A comprehensive examination of the design factors, encompassing linker selection, anions, and polymeric support characteristics, enables precise adjustment of steric and electronic features in these immobilized catalysts. This approach establishes structure‐performance relationships, ultimately enabling the development of an engineered immobilized organocatalytic system that meets the desired criteria for activity, stability, and selectivity.

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of 3D‐Printed Highly Conductive Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polylactic Acid Composite

A conductive network of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) overlaying on a lightweight polymeric scaffold can offer notable electrical properties while maintaining the same mechanical properties as a similar feature without rGO layer. However, conventional methods are unable to produce customized architecture with controllable electronic and mechanical properties. Herein, a simple methodology for preparing objects of complex geometries by 3D printing that possesses the capability to exhibit a diverse spectrum of conductivity levels depending upon the dip‐coating process is reported. The versatile two‐step process is beneficial to create highly conductive objects as low as 100 Ω sq−1 and lightweight rGO networks. Alternative to inkjet printing and direct fluid dispensing methods, the fabrication method for 3D rGO networks provides the opportunity to combine material selection and advanced printing techniques, thus achieving desired performance criteria at a low cost. Simple fabrication techniques for robust 3D rGO networks hold promise for designing objects with unique properties, offering both high resistance to external mechanical force and uniform internal electronic properties.

Determining the appropriate natural fibers for intelligent green wearable devices made from biomaterials via multi-attribute decision making model

Intelligent and green wearable technology becomes essential for new modern societies. This work introduces a multi criteria decision making model to properly assess and compare relative desired criteria for selecting the most suitable constituents for green body wearable bio-products made from bio-based materials. It aims to enhance the sustainability of intelligent green wearable devices by providing support in the selection process of lightweight, eco-friendly materials suitable for personal body wearable bio-products made of natural fiber composites to improve qualities that may help in better monitoring human vital signs and thereby address the health care concern. The relative intrinsic characteristic and merits of various natural fibers were utilized to compare and evaluate their relative performance in bio-composites. The model considered several evaluation factors like mechanical performance including tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, comfortability including size and weight, availability, fiber orientation, cellulose content, and cost. Results have demonstrated different priorities of the considered natural fibers relative to each evaluation factor. However, the model was capable of properly evaluating and ranking the best fibers relative to the whole conflicting evaluation criteria simultaneously. The closeness of priorities in several cases emphasizes upon using such decision making models to be able to judge the relative merits of natural fibers for such applications. It can also help designers to avoid bias during determining the best alternatives considering several conflicting evaluation criteria.

Commissioning [Integrated] Care in England: An Analysis of the Current Decision Context

Background: The emergence of Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) across England poses an additional challenge and responsibility for local commissioners to accelerate the implementation of integrated care programmes and improve the overall efficiency across the system. To do this, ICS healthcare commissioners could learn from the experience of the former local commissioning structures and identify areas of improvement in the commissioning process. &#x0D; Aim &amp; Audience: This study describes the investment decision process in integrated care amid the transition toward ICSs, highlights challenges, and provides recommendations to inform ICSs in their healthcare commissioning role. It is expected that this study encourages an open discussion within the emerging ICSs on the barriers and enablers of the local commissioning of integrated care. We also believe that findings of this study are likely to be of international interest as countries are gradually moving towards integrated care, and local purchasers of healthcare from high-income economies are likely to encounter similar challenges as the ones faced by local commissioners in England.&#x0D; Methods: We conducted twenty-six semi-structured interviews with local commissioners and other relevant stakeholders in South East England in 2021. Interviews were supplemented with existing evidence from the literature.&#x0D; Results: England’s local healthcare commissioning has made the transition towards a new organisational architecture, with some integrated care programmes running, and a dual top-down and bottom-up prioritisation process in place. The commissioning and consequent development of integrated care programmes have been hindered by various barriers, including difficulties in accessing and using information, operational challenges, and resource constraints. Investment decisions have mainly been driven by national directives and budget considerations, with a mixture of subjective and objective approaches. This contrasts with what seems to be a set of desirable prioritisation criteria, with the triple aim framework at the front. A systematic and data-driven framework could replace this ad-hoc prioritisation of integrated care and contribute to a more rational and transparent commissioning process. To develop such a framework, a good reference point could be the health technology assessment framework established at national level to guide priority-setting decisions. &#x0D; Conclusion &amp; next-steps: The local healthcare commissioning structures in England are complex, the evidence available is rich, and integrated care is undoubtedly the goal to achieve. However, the multiple barriers that commissioners face hinder the development of integrated care programmes and limit the local use of evidence in healthcare decision-making. The emerging ICSs seem to open an opportunity for local commissioners to strengthen the commissioning process of integrated care with evidence-based priority-setting approaches similar to the well-established health technology assessment framework at the national level. To support this, we are developing a data-driven framework to monitor and assess ‘integrated care programmes’. &#x0D;

Development of a novel direct compressible co-processed excipient and its application for formulation of Mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets

Introduction Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are designed to dissolve in the oral cavity within 3 min, providing a convenient option for patients as they can be taken without water. Direct compression is the most common method used for ODTs formulations. However, the availability of single composite excipients with desirable characteristics such as good compressibility, fast disintegration, and a good mouthfeel suitable for direct compression is limited. Objective This research was proposed to develop a co-processed excipient composed of xylitol, mannitol, and microcrystalline cellulose for the formulation of ODTs. Methods A total of 11 formulations of co-processed excipients with different ratios of ingredients were prepared, which were then compressed into ODTs, and their characteristics were thoroughly examined. The primary focus was on evaluating the disintegration time and hardness of the tablets, as these factors are important in ensuring the ODTs meet the desired criteria. The model drug, Mirtazapine was then incorporated into the chosen optimized formulation. Results The results showed that the formulation comprised of 10% xylitol, 10% mannitol and 80% microcrystalline cellulose demonstrated the fastest disintegration time (1.77 ± 0.119 min) and sufficient hardness (3.521 ± 0.143 kg) compared to the other formulations. Furthermore, the drug was uniformly distributed within the tablets and fully released within 15 min. Conclusion Therefore, the developed co-processed excipients show great potential in enhancing the functionalities of ODTs, offering a promising solution to improve the overall performance and usability of ODTs in various therapeutic applications.

Perancangan dan Analisis Daya Turbin Air Piko Hidro untuk Aliran Arus Rendah

Over time, the consumption of electrical energy needed in Indonesia is getting bigger. Various efforts continue to be made either by seeking new energy potential or by developing existing technologies. Apart from the increasing need for electrical energy, efforts are made to supply the needs of electrical energy by utilizing the potential and conditions that exist in certain areas. Water energy has been widely utilized and used for power generation. The potential of water as an energy source can be used as a provider of electrical power. One of the uses of water energy is to make hydroelectric power plants. The purpose of this study is to design a portable water turbine design and find out the results of the calculation of the analysis of electrical power produced. The research method used is the analysis of water turbine design using the SolidWorks application to be able to find out the shape of the turbine that has simple, portable properties and can be carried anywhere. The size that meets the desired criteria is 10 cm for diameter and 4 cm for height. After designing the turbine design, then the calculation and analysis of the power released by the water turbine is carried out. The data needed to perform the calculation are water discharge 1.48×10-5 m3/s, head 6×10-2 m, water density 1000 kg/m3, gravity acceleration 9.81 m/s2, turbine efficiency 12.6%. Using the turbine power formula, the turbine power with a water discharge value of 1.48×10-5 m3/s is 11 Watts. Then the 2nd calculation was carried out with the value of the water discharge used of 9.6×10-5 m3/s and turbine efficiency of 24.9%. After calculation, the turbine power value of 14 Watts was obtained.

Numerical Optimization of the Input Factors and Responses of an Experimental Design Reinforce PVC Composite

In this study, the input factors (PVC, rattan, plantain peduncle, and temperature) and the responses (flexural strength and modulus of elasticity) of an experimental design to reinforce PVC composite were investigated. The assessment of suitability and ultimately the choice of the models were done based on the values of statistical parameters like coefficient of determination (R2 value), p value, F value, etc. The experimental data was carried out by fitting a second-order model in the Design Expert model library to the data to estimate the unknown model parameters. This process was accomplished by applying multiple regression analyses to the data. The optimum values of the responses were obtained by numerical optimization based on the criterion of desirability. The results obtained showed that the design was adequate, and the models developed from it were useful because the off-diagonal values were close to zero. Also, increasing the proportion of PVC resulted in a steep and significant increase in the flexural strength of the composite. More so, this trend was similar to the flexural strength for the response surface and the corresponding contour plots representing the relationship between PVC, rattan, and modulus of elasticity. Besides, at higher temperatures, the PVC material could act as a binder, which results in a strong interaction between the components of the composite material.

Optimum design of slot and magnet structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator with teaching‐learning‐studying‐based optimization

AbstractFrom the point of production to consumption, electrical energy should be utilized effectively and qualitatively. Efficiency at the electricity consumption stage is not sufficient, and the desired criteria must be met at the production stage. The efficient and high‐quality generation of electrical energy is directly related to the performance of the generator used. In order to achieve the desired criteria for a generator design, many issues should be considered together. In order for this study to do, a 14‐pole and 5 kW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) was designed using the innovative optimizer named the weighted mean of vectors (INFO), the jumping spider optimization algorithm (JSOA), the teaching–learning‐based optimization (TLBO), the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) and the teaching‐learning‐studying‐based optimization (TLSBO) algorithms. The generator performance was optimized within the determined inequality constraints by the offset and embrace value and six parameters of the stator slot structure. The generator designed with the parameters determined by the TLSBO was more successful than the generators designed according to all the other proposed algorithms. The total harmonic distortion (THD) value decreased by 51.983% compared to the initial design at approximately the same efficiency.

A Comprehensive Model for Efficient Design Space Exploration of Imprecise Computational Blocks

After almost a decade of research, development of more efficient imprecise computational blocks is still a major concern in imprecise computing domain. There are many instances of the introduced imprecise components of different types, while their main difference is that they propose different precision-cost-performance trade-offs. In this paper, a novel comprehensive model for the imprecise components is introduced, which can be exploited to cover a wide range of precision-cost-performance trade-offs, for different types of imprecise components. The model helps to find the suitable imprecise component based on any desired error criterion. Therefore, the most significant advantage of the proposed model is that it can be simply exploited for design space exploration of different imprecise components to extract the suitable components, with the desired precision-cost-performance trade-off for any specific application. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, two novel families of Lowest-cost Imprecise Adders (LIAs) and Lowest-cost Imprecise Multipliers (LIMs) are introduced in the paper, which are systematically extracted based on exploration of the design space provided by the proposed model. A wide range of simulation and synthesis results are also presented in the paper to prove the comparable efficiency of the systematically extracted LIA/LIM structures with respect to the most efficient existing human-made imprecise components both individually and in a Multiply-Accumulate application.

Enhancing Residential Satisfaction Through Identifying Building and Location Desirability Criteria in Iran: A Fuzzy Delphi and Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Enhancing Residential Satisfaction Through Identifying Building and Location Desirability Criteria in Iran: A Fuzzy Delphi and Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Pré-tratamento hidrotérmico da cama de aviário para produção de biogás

ABSTRACT Hydrothermal pretreatment (HPT) allows the solubilization of the hemicellulose, leading to increased biodegradability for microorganisms. This paper presents a study based on the evaluation of the variables time (12 to 60 min), temperature (80 to 200°C), and solid/liquid ratio (4 to 8 g mL-1) for the HPT (autohydrolysis) of synthetic poultry litter (rice straw: poultry manure 1:5) using the Doehlert matrix. Twelve HPT conditions followed by anaerobic digestion were evaluated with a focus on methane production. Firstly, tests were conducted to evaluate biogas production in a single stage in a single reactor, where both the acidogenic and methanogenic phases occur. Subsequently, tests were conducted to evaluate biogas production in a two-stage, consisting of separating hydrogen and methane production phases. The best performance of the biochemical potential of methane was the conditions 6 (24 min, 120 °C, and solid-liquid ratio = 4) in a single stage and 3 (48 min, 160 °C, and SLR = 8) in a two-stage, producing 255.6 and 277.6 NmL CH4gVS-1, respectively. Using the desirability criteria, two hydrothermal pretreatment (HPT) conditions were evidenced/ condition 1 in two stages (12 min, 80 °C, and SLR = 4)- (D1-2S) and condition two in two stages (12 min, 98 °C, and SLR = 4) - (D2-2S) showed high methane production, 248.9 and 249.3NmL CH4∙gVS-1, respectively.

Analisis Sifat Fisiologi Dalam Daun Sebagai Bahan Seleksi pada Beberapa Klon Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.)

The coffee plant (Coffea) is one of the main types of plants in Indonesian society. Coffee plantations in Indonesia are very influential on the national economy. Several types of Arabica coffee clones began to be developed in order to have certain resistance to overcome attacks by various OPT which had a considerable impact on harvest success. The existence of resistance genes in plants, suitability with virulent genes and environmental influences become obstacles in making coffee clones that are resistant to certain pests. The physiological properties of coffee plants will affect the rate of growth and development of plants so that it will have an impact on their production. Selection of plant varieties is carried out to obtain certain superior characters with high yield potential. An analysis of the physiological properties must be carried out to identify and determine the desired selection criteria. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember in June – end, using a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely several Arabica coffee clones. Arabica coffee clone consists of 15 clones. Each clone was repeated three times, so that in this experiment there were 45 experimental units. Observational data obtained were analyzed using variance. If there is a significant difference between the treatments then proceed with Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. Based on the data and discussion of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the fifteen arabica clones have different characteristics. The best Arabica coffee clone is the Sigararutang coffee clone which has a high value with (76.76 mg/g) chlorophyll content, (4.15 mg/g) flavonoid content, (7.07 mg/g) phenol content, ( 0.89 mg/g) dissolved protein content and (86.94 mg/g) antioxidant content.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Coffee clones, chlorophyll, flavonoids, phenols, soluble proteins, antioxidants

RF-PSF: A CNN-Based Process Distinction Method Using Inadvertent RF Signatures

Stochastic variation of process parameters within a die and technology-limitation-driven variation from die-to-die give rise to unique distribution patterns for manufacturing process parameters. These patterns work as a process signature that is transferred from the device level to the system level through electrical circuits and can be used to make a distinction among the processes. In this work, we propose an in-situ manufacturing process technology distinction method‘, Radio Frequency Process Specific Functions (RF-PSF)’, that uses process-specific inherent properties of an IC manifested in the transmitted radio frequency signal. Among many desirable testing criteria, RF-PSF addresses the question of fabrication with the intended process technology. This information plays an important role in modern zero-trust architecture and IC clone detection, a counterfeiting method where the IC is manufactured using a different process. An RF transmitter with RF-DAC power amplifier for QPSK modulation has been designed and simulated in 14nm, 22nm, and 65nm processes for 5 process corners (TT, FF, FS, SF, and SS) in Cadence. The simulated data have been processed in MATLAB. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), trained with the constellation data, provides an average accuracy of ~90% for process distinction. Realizing that (i) a higher order modulation will have even more process information and (ii) we can harness the Convolutional Neural Network’s (CNN) improved capability on pattern recognition, we can feed image-like constellation plots to a CNN to get better and consistent performance. Using the baseband constellations for 64-QAM modulated data as images, we have achieved ~100% accuracy with commonly used, pretrained CNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, and GoogleNet) through transfer learning. The separation among 5 process corners within a process, termed intra-process variation, is also analyzed. The effect of baseband sampling rate and ADC resolution, two practical limitations in RF systems, have been explored. An extensive study has been performed on the effect of a key design parameter at the RF circuit level i.e. W/L or aspect ratio, leading to design insights, proper CNN selection, and some control parameters. This work establishes RF-PSF as a zero-power, zero-area overhead, in-situ process distinction method.