Design Research Methodology Research Articles

A business process and portfolio management approach for Industry 4.0 transformation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the difficulties faced by manufacturing enterprises by providing a project portfolio management approach supporting the selection and prioritization of various Industry 4.0 projects where business process analysis is used to ensure the strategic alignment and value of the project portfolio.Design/methodology/approachThe design research methodology, a mixed applied research methodology, was used to develop and test the proposed approach.FindingsDespite the growing interest of the scientific and industrial communities in I4.0, it seems that there is no method by which manufacturing companies can select a large number of improvement projects. Moreover, studies tend to focus on the evaluation and implementation of a single technology, while the transformation of an intelligent plant requires the consolidation and coordination of many initiatives to achieve a global objective.Originality/valueThe proposed project portfolio management model offers support to enterprises during their digital transformation and improves their processes by integrating technology levers through consistent and achievable selection of I4.0 initiatives while meeting strategic goals and objectives.

Towards Implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator(ULSS) in Medical Education; An Integrative Literature Review and Methodology

Simulation is widely used in Medical Education as a teaching and learning method. The purpose of this paper is to discover the implication of the simulator into clinical trainee behaviour, medical education, and patient safety. At the other hand, a methodology of quantitative research design towards implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator (ULSS) named BITA1.0 is discussed. The Descriptive Quantitative Research design is focused on formative clinical assessment with students of Master in Rehabilitation, Universiti Teknologi MARA as subjects with pre and post-response test. With the intention of implementing BITA1.0 into medical education, the result from The Descriptive Quantitative Research is essential. Keywords: simulation; spasticity; upper limb; medical education eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2552

Investigating Nomophobia as a Predictor of Smartphone Addiction among Nigerian Pre-service Mathematics Teachers

Nomophobia and smartphone addiction are behavioural disorders that are maladaptive and affect 21<sup>st</sup>-century digital natives anywhere, everywhere. This study investigated nomophobia as a predictor of smartphone addiction among Nigerian pre-service mathematics teachers within the framework of quantitative methodology of non-experimental correlational research design. The participants consisted of 300 pre-service mathematics teachers randomly selected from the Department of Science and Technology Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Four research questions were answered in the study using the statistical tools of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that majority of the pre-service mathematics suffered from nomophobia and smartphone addiction. There was a positive relationship between smartphone addiction and nomophobia and nomophobia was a significant predictor of smartphone addiction among pre-service mathematics teachers. Based on these findings it was concluded that universities and parents in Nigeria should find a way of reducing the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction in pre-service mathematics teachers in the country.

UNDERSTANDING CASA MARIQUIT AS AN ILONGGO CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE: TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO DOCUMENTARY INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Casa Mariquit, an old, well-preserved heritage house fabricated upright in Jaro, Iloilo City. This exquisite mansion is named after the wife of the late Vice President Fernando Lopez, Sr., Maria Salvacion "Mariquit" Javellana-Lopez (Alegre, 2012). An Ilonggo Cultural Heritage that accentuates Ilonggos' lives at the same time illuminates the social values, beliefs, religion, and customs of their ancestors. Notably in the food they eat, clothes they wear, the faith they follow, and skills acquired by Ilonggos which continue to live on up to this day. Constructivism, Symbolic Interactionism, and Theory on Cultural Reproduction served as the foundation for this study. The Interpretivist Methodology (Crotty, 2003) research design is a hybrid of Grounded Theory, Oral History, and Participatory Action Research. Snowball technique was employed in identifying the informants. Data sources include interview questionnaires, photographs, field notes, published articles, videos, students' portfolios, and interview voice records of informants. It is found out that Casa Mariquit reflects Ilonggo Elite Lifestyle, Its Residents are Sources of Ilonggo Superstitious Beliefs Stories, An Architectural Wonder, A Residence of Marian Devotion, and A Museum Today. Furthermore, a video documentary was produced and used as instructional material.

A competence assessment tool that links thinking operations with knowledge types

Background. Although there is a need for a greater number of nurses to meet the demands for universal health coverage, these trained nurses should also be competent. However, assessment of nurses’ competence remains a challenge, as the available instruments do not focus on identifying the knowledge level that is lacking. Objectives. To report on the development and reliability of an instrument that can be used to assess undergraduate student nurses’ competence. Methods. A methodological research design was used. The authors extracted items from existing competence assessment instruments, inductively analysed the items and categorised them into themes. The extracted items were used to draft a new instrument. Review by an expert panel strengthened the content and face validity of the instrument. Twenty assessors used the developed assessment instrument to assess 15 student nurses’ competence via video footage. Results. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.90 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicate that the instrument is reliable and comparable with other instruments that assess competence. Conclusions. Nurse educators can use the developed instrument to assess the competence of a student and identify the type of knowledge that is lacking. The student, in collaboration with the educator, can then plan specific remedial action.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Work-Family Behavioral Role Conflict Scale (WFBRC-S).

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Work–Family Behavioral Role Conflict Scale (WFBRC-S), which was originally developed to measure work–family behavioral role conflict in American adults with a wide variety of occupations such as nurses and chief executive officers. This study used a methodological research design. The study population consisted of 235 married men and women aged 20 years or older who were living in various cities, who had been employed for three years or more. The validity of the content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion related, as well as the reliability of the WFBRC-S-K, was assessed. The WFBRC-S Korean version consists of 25 items. It was found that through the validity of the composition and standards of WFBRC-S-K, it was possible to measure the conflict by focusing on behavior so that a comprehensive evaluation of the role conflict between family and work, and work and family, can be performed. Five items in the WFBRC-S-K were excluded with a standardized factor loading of less than 0.50. We applied the modified index to improve the model fit to build a model, it supports a good fit and reliable score for the Korean version of the WFBRC-S model. Analysis of the fit of the revised model Nomed χ2 (CIMIN/df) value of less was: fit indices to 2.05 RMSEA = 0.07, RMR = 0.04, SRMR = 0.06, GFI = 0.85, IFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91. Criterion validity compared to the WLBOC-S showed significant correlation, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94. Factor loadings of the 25 questions ranged from 0.49 to 0.81. The study findings confirmed the applicability of this scale for measuring the work–family behavioral role conflict in Korean adults with a wide variety of occupations. The WFBRC-S-K can be applied on the measurement of work–family conflict in nursing and other industrial sites. These results provide a foundation for future studies on work–family behavioral role conflict in Korean adult.

Consistency of hangover experiences after a night of drinking: A controlled laboratory study.

Research into cognitive performance during a hangover has produced equivocal findings. This study investigated the reliability of inducing hangover symptoms and effects on cognitive performance (including applied tasks) under standardised conditions. Twenty-one participants (13 M; 24 ± 3 years) completed two identical trials, involving alcohol consumption and an overnight laboratory stay. Outcome measures included: hangover severity (a single-item 'Hangover' rating, and a sum of hangover symptoms [Overall Symptoms Score (OSS)]), cognitive function (trail making test), simulated driving (standard deviation of lateral position; lane crossings), and typing performance. Spearman's correlations were used to assess reliability between trials for all participants, and when ratings of 'Hangover' were consistent. Participants demonstrated reliable 'Hangover' rating change from baseline (Trial A: 2.0 [2.0]; Trial B: 2.0 [2.0], rho = 0.680, p = 0.001), but not for OSS (Trial A: 8.0 [12.0]; Trial B: 5.0 [9.0], rho = 0.309, p = 0.173). Performance in cognitive/applied tasks (range rho = 0.447-0771) was consistent, except simulated driving (range rho = 0.035-0.272), however the impairment was trivial. The subgroup analysis did not reveal substantial changes in reliability. A single 'Hangover' rating was a reliable way of determining 'mild' to 'moderate' hangover severity. The present data could be used to assist the methodological design of future hangover research.

Color-Coded Map Overlay Augmentation for Unmanned Vehicle Sensor Management

Four color-coded overlays that augment a tactical map were evaluated as candidates for multi-unmanned vehicle (UV) sensor management by a single operator. Each overlay provided six levels of temporal information to indicate how long ago each map location had been viewed by a UV. Twelve participants completed 140 trials, each trial posing a question to be answered by retrieving spatial-temporal information from static map overlays. The accuracy of the participants’ answers significantly differed as a function of overlay type. Suggestions for overlay design and future research methodology are provided.

INNOVATION STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF WATER PACKAGING FIRMS IN LAGOS STATE

This study investigated innovation strategies and organizational performance of water packaging firms in Lagos State, Nigeria due to the seeming dearth of studies on the topic. Cross-sectional research design methodology was used in collecting data from 118 water packaging firms in Lagos State. The hypotheses were analyzed with Kendall’s Tau-b correlation coefficient (denoted τ) by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27. Results suggest that higher levels of innovation strategies (aggressiveness-τ = 0.658, p = .003; defensiveness-τ = 0.535, p = .001; futurity-τ = 0.736, p = .003; proactiveness-τ = 0.877, p = .000) amplify organizational performance. The study recommends that management of water packaging firms should ensure innovation strategies supersede profit making and give more attention to potential and prospective customers as they develop the quality and performance of their product.

"디자인 연구방법론을 적용한 비주얼 스토리텔링 연구 -그림책 “요요요 따라쟁이야!”를 중심으로-"

"디자인 연구방법론을 적용한 비주얼 스토리텔링 연구 -그림책 “요요요 따라쟁이야!”를 중심으로-"

Emergent market innovation: A longitudinal study of technology-driven capability development and institutional work

Extant literature focuses primarily on deliberate, proactive market-shaping efforts to understand changes in markets. This paper explores how emergent, incremental activities might unintentionally prompt market innovation due to the interactions of capability development and its required institutional work. Using a critical case method, we study a firm that successfully challenged established market logic by systematically changing its capabilities. A longitudinal field study reveals that capability development demands induce changes to institutional foundations; then, as institutions change, further capabilities can be developed, all of which may instigate wider market innovation outcomes. This study conceptualizes this intricate, iterative process, as well as its evolutionary market innovation outcomes. The proposed three-level capability model can guide firms striving to offer new and innovative services. The authors also detail a three-stage research design methodology that can help research and practice gain in-depth understanding of both emergent unintentional market innovation and strategic deliberate market-shaping activities.

Biological Practices and Fields, Missing Pieces of the Biomimetics' Methodological Puzzle.

Facing current biomimetics impediments, recent studies have supported the integration within biomimetic teams of a new actor having biological knowledge and know-how. This actor is referred to as the “biomimetician” in this article. However, whereas biology is often considered a homogenous whole in the methodological literature targeting biomimetics, it actually gathers fundamentally different fields. Each of these fields is structured around specific practices, tools, and reasoning. Based on this observation, we wondered which knowledge and know-how, and so biological fields, should characterize biomimeticians. Following the design research methodology, this article thus investigates the operational integration of two biological fields, namely ecology and phylogenetics, as a starting point in the establishment of the biomimetician’s biological tools and practices. After a descriptive phase identifying specific needs and potential conceptual bridges, we presented various ways of applying biological expertise during biomimetic processes in the prescriptive phase of the study. Finally, we discussed current limitations and future research axes.

Integrated Declarative Process and Decision Discovery of the Emergency Care Process

Deviations and variations are the norm rather than the exception in medical diagnosis and treatment processes. Physicians must leverage their knowledge and experience to choose an appropriate variation for each patient. However, this knowledge and experience is often tacit. Process modeling offers a way to convert tacit to explicit knowledge. Many process mining techniques have been developed due to the difficulty of doing this manually, yet, they often neglect the decisions themselves, and these proposed techniques are just one piece of a comprehensive process discovery method. In this paper, we use the Action Design Research methodology to develop a method for process and decision discovery of medical diagnosis and treatment processes. The method was iteratively improved and validated by applying it to a practical setting, which was the emergency medicine department of a hospital. An analysis of the resulting model shows that previously tacit knowledge was successfully made explicit.

INFLUENCE OF HEADTEACHERS’ INVOLVEMENT OF FEMALE TEACHERS ON GIRLS’ ACCESS TO PUBLIC PRIMARY EDUCATION IN GARISSA SUB-COUNTY, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of headteachers’ involvement of female teachers on girls’ access to primary education in Garissa Sub-County, Garissa County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Management Practices and Pearson’s Gender Relations Theories.
 Methodology: The study adopted mixed methodology and descriptive survey research design. Data analysis began by identifying common themes. The target population comprised of 28 headteachers, 302 teachers, 873 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) Curriculum Support Officers (CSOs) totaling to 1206 from which 300 respondents were determined using Yamane’s Formula. Stratified sampling was used to create three strata based on the number of zones in Garissa Sub-County. From each zone, four headteachers and 56 teachers were selected using simple random sampling to avoid bias. The procedures adopted enabled the researcher to sample 12 headteachers, 168 teachers, 117 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) CSOs. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23) and presented using tables.
 Findings: The study established that headteachers’ management practices such as involvement of female teachers influence the number of girls who are enrolled into primary schools.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Thus, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education should recruit and work with female teachers to enhance girls’ access to primary education and to inform future policy development.

Towards an Architecture of Self-reliance: Developing and Testing a Support Tool for Inhabitants and Practitioners in Mt-Elgon, Kenya

This research project focuses on how decisions made by practitioners, articulating rural housing in Sub-Sahara Africa, contribute to the decreasing level of self-reliance inhabitants have regarding their housing. Multiple case studies on Mt. Elgon proved that inhabitants have a significantly higher self-reliance level, comparing traditional to modern housing. To study this phenomenon in practice and to articulate suitable design support the Design Research Methodology was chosen. The research clarification pinpointed inhabitant capacities as the key-contributor to self-reliant housing. Household survey outcomes proved that large numbers of rural inhabitant’s desire housing which they have insufficient capacities for. Indicating that the inhabitants experience a disparity between existing and desired housing capacities, moreover an inability to bridge this disparity independently, and consequently require external help. Architect seemed most appropriate to offer this help as it consist of sociocultural, engineering and design tasks. Architects are not trained in inhabitant capacity evaluation and as no suitable design tools existed, this research project developed the required design support, its application requirements and the impact measurements. These were then tested in a pilot project on Mt. Elgon. The findings were used to evaluate the support’s impact and suitability. The support tool users found it suitable to assess and integrate inhabitant capacities into housing solutions. The impact shows that the support group families have sustained their family’s level of self-reliance unlike the control group. The developed technological design, with modifications, could be used not only in rural Kenyan communities, but also help others around the continent.

What Can We Learn From Trustworthy Data? An Interview With John Wills Lloyd

John Wills Lloyd is a professor emeritus at the University of Virginia and co-editor of Exceptional Children. He earned his PhD from the University of Oregon and spent most of his career at the University of Virginia. Dr. Lloyd has been an integral part of many professional organizations, including the Council for Exceptional Children’s Division for Learning Disabilities, where he served as president and later as the executive director, and the Division for Research. Dr. Lloyd’s work has focused on the identification of effective instructional practices, best-practice in single-case design research methodology, and facilitating a deeper understanding of learning disabilities. He has produced numerous scholarly articles, foundational textbooks, and web-based materials that continue to inform readers about effective practice in special education.

Innovation in midwifery practices: Measurement of postpartum blood loss

The objective of this research is to create Innovation in midwifery practices as an alternative to estimate postpartum blood loss. This research is DRM (Design Research Methodology) of creating Innovation in midwifery practices (A method to measure postpartum blood loss) followed by step two, clinical trial through alpha and beta testing. The population of this research is 700 midwives in Banjarmasin with a sample of 46 midwives and 30 patients taken with the random sampling method. Innovation in midwifery practices is safe for the new mother's skins, capable of storing blood up to 1.800ml, easy to use, has a multitude of uses (can determine the amount of blood loss, increases midwife productivity, increases midwife work quality, and as documentation), as well as economical. Innovation in midwifery practices can be used to detect postpartum bleeding early, which can reduce the death rate caused by postpartum bleeding.

An insight on needs analysis towards the development of animated infographic module in Arabic grammar learning

Arabic grammar learning - which uses textbooks with lengthy details can be translated into creative and innovative forms through the application of technology advancement. Animated infographics is one of the many technological applications aimed to innovate learning information or content into simple, interesting, and easy to understand materials. This study gathered students’ perspectives in relation to their needs on form - hence, developing a module for animated infographics in Arabic grammar learning. This research employed Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology and approaches. It involved need analysis data where the first phase used a questionnaire on the use of learning material, issues regarding learning approaches, tendencies to use innovation, and needs of using animated infographics. The questionnaires were distributed conveniently to 248 undergraduate students studying Bachelor of Arabic Language Studies, who took a course entitled ‘Ibn Aqil’ Syntatical Texts. Quantitative data was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) application to retrieve percentage, mean and standard deviations. Findings revealed a high need to develop a module for animated infographics in the Arabic grammar learning based on students’ opinions after taking the course. Innovative technological application on the syllabus of textbook learning, particularly the complex Arabic grammar was much needed in order to enable comprehension and provide focus.

Structural Validity of an ICF-Based Measure of Activity and Participation for Children in Taiwan’s Disability Eligibility Determination System

To assess activity and participation for children in Taiwan’s Disability Eligibility Determination System (DEDS), we developed a questionnaire, the Functioning Disability Evaluation Scale (FUNDES-Child), based on the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP). The study follows a methodology research design to investigate the construct validity of the frequency and independence dimensions of FUNDES-Child 7.0. Two samples were randomly stratified from the databank of 13,835 children and youth with disabilities aged 6.0–17.9 years to examine structural validity by exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 4111, mean age of 11.3 ± 3.5) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 4823, mean age of 11.4 ± 3.5)). EFA indicated a 4-factor structure for the frequency dimension (51.3% variance explained) and a 2-factor structure for the independence dimension (53.6% variance explained). The CFA indicated that the second-order factor structures of both dimensions were more parsimonious with adequate fit indices (Goodness fit Index, GFI; Normed Fit Index, NFI; Comparative Fit Index, CFI; and Tucker-Lewis Index, TLI ≥ 0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA < 0.06). Results provide evidence that the participation part of FUNDES-Child 7.0 has acceptable structural validity for use in Taiwan’s DEDS. Utility of FUNDES-Child 7.0 in rehabilitation, welfare, and educational services needs further study.

Levantamento bibliométrico dos artigos publicados na Revista da ABENO no período entre 2001 e 2019

O presente estudo objetivou traçar, por meio de análise bibliométrica, o perfil de produção científica da Revista da ABENO. A estratégia de busca foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes no sítio web da revista, no qual foram analisados todos os artigos completos publicados no período entre 2001 e 2019. Mediante a leitura dos resumos, os trabalhos foram caracterizados de acordo com a categoria de estudo, a temática abordada, ano e volume de publicação, além de dados das IES às quais os autores do artigo eram vinculados, tais como natureza jurídica e localidade geográfica. Foram identificados 486 artigos publicados no período estudado. Majoritariamente, os artigos apresentaram delineamento metodológico de pesquisa quantitativa (46,3%), cujas temáticas abordadas estavam relacionadas às áreas de “Ensino/Aprendizagem em Odontologia” (49,8%) “Atividades de Estágio, Extensão e PET-Saúde” (15,2%) e “Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais” (10,1%). Os estudos foram desenvolvidos em sua maior parte em instituições públicas (70%), com predominância de localização na região Sudeste (41,4%). Em conclusão, verifica-se que, ao longo de quase duas décadas, a Revista da ABENO apresentou volume crescente de publicações, com participação expressiva de IES, em especial das públicas, e com concentração desta produção na região Sudeste, embora com tendência a um aumento na participação das demais regiões geográficas.