Training Design Research Articles

Optimization design of a double planet carrier planetary gear train transplanting mechanism based on an MBD–DEM simulation of potted plant movement

Optimization design of a double planet carrier planetary gear train transplanting mechanism based on an MBD–DEM simulation of potted plant movement

Participatory simulation training design: The MAMA interprofessional team-training program for obstetric care of pregnant individuals living with HIV in Tanzania.

Participatory simulation training design: The MAMA interprofessional team-training program for obstetric care of pregnant individuals living with HIV in Tanzania.

The effects of salesperson involvement on training design: identifying necessary conditions for exceeding sales quota

PurposeThis study examines how salesperson involvement in influencing sales training programs enhances training effectiveness and quota attainment. By leveraging self-determination theory (SDT), partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA), the research evaluates necessary training factors for salespeople to exceed their quotas.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from sales managers was analyzed using a multimethod approach combining PLS-SEM and NCA to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for training success. A first in sales training research.FindingsSalesperson involvement emerges as a necessary condition in training design. It enhances relevance, autonomous motivation and performance compared to traditional top-down training approaches that do not incorporate a salesperson’s contribution.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should employ longitudinal designs and explore how tenure, experience and performance ratings moderate the relationship between salesperson involvement and training outcomes.Practical implicationsSales organizations should prioritize a salesperson’s influence on their training design, moving beyond token feedback to fully integrate salesperson perspectives to exceed sales quotas.Originality/valueThis research pioneers the integration of PLS-SEM and NCA in sales literature, introducing a novel multimethod approach to evaluate predictive and threshold-based factors in sales training success. By merging these methodologies, the study distinguishes between “must-have” and “nice-to-have” conditions, offering groundbreaking insights into necessary and sufficient conditions for surpassing quotas and setting a methodological foundation for future sales research.

An intelligent hybrid grey wolf-particle swarm optimizer for optimization in complex engineering design problem

Engineering design optimization problems present significant challenges due to the complexity of objective functions, which often involve both continuous and discrete design variables, along with multiple constraints. GWO and PSO are well-known heuristic algorithms with efficient search ability and reasonable execution time. They are often used to solve complex optimization problems, but there are still problems such as premature convergence and limited global search efficiency. To overcome these limitations and enhance solution quality, this study proposes a novel Hybrid Grey Wolf-Particle Swarm Optimization (HGWPSO) algorithm. HGWPSO integrates the exploration ability of GWO with the rapid convergence and exploitation efficiency of PSO. The algorithm’s performance is first validated using CEC_2022 benchmark functions and then applied to eight complex engineering design problems, including pressure vessel design, compression spring design, three-bar truss design, gear train design, cantilever beam design, welded beam design, transmission line parameter estimation, and reactive power planning problem. The improvement in the average best optimal value varies across different cases, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. In Case 1, the improvement is 71.61%, while in Cases 2 and 4 obtained a 99% improvement. Case 3 shows an enhancement of 53.46%, and Case 5 reaches 71.92%, whereas Case 6 also obtained 99%. In Case 7, the improvement depends on the bundle configuration, with two-bundle conductors showing a 76.91% increase, three-bundle conductors achieving 43.94%, and four-bundle conductors reaching 46.57%. Finally, in Case 8, the improvement is 1.02%. The obtained results demonstrate that HGWPSO achieves better performance than other methods in terms of convergence rate, cost function minimization, and constraint handling. This study highlights the effectiveness of HGWPSO as a powerful tool for solving complex engineering design problems.

Effects of different types of Advance Care Planning workshops: A scoping review protocol.

Advance Care Planning(ACP) plays a crucial role in ensuring that patients' wishes are respected and fulfilled, helping to improve the quality of care and the efficient use of resources. Achieving effective ACP promotion depends on appropriate education and training. Evidence exists that ACP workshops are feasible and effective in enhancing the understanding, competence, confidence, and engagement in ACP among trainees. Systematic summary and analysis of existing ACP workshop-related research will help identify knowledge gaps and research trends in the current field and provide a standardized framework and empirical support for future training design. The overall aim of this scoping review was to systematically map existing literature about ACP workshops, provide an overview of the contents and effects of various ACP workshops, and identify limitations and gaps in knowledge. This scoping review will adhere to the JBI methodology and the results will reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Relevant articles will be systematically searched in six electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). The research on ACP workshops conducted in any population will be included. Two reviewers individually selected the studies: first by screening titles and abstracts and second by screening full-text articles. A third reviewer will arbitrate discrepancies during the screening process. Extract data in a standardized manner using forms that have undergone team review, and data will then be synthesized and interpreted. This scoping review will identify effective training methods, topics, and research gaps by comparing the content and effectiveness of different workshops, which will help to form best practices and enhance the effectiveness of ACP training. REGISTRATION DETAILS: Open Science Framework under https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2ZUP6.

Resonant leadership characteristics and instructional supervision of school heads: Basis for a proposed training design

This study employed a descriptive research method to explore the characteristics of resonant leadership and instructional supervision of school heads in the schools of the San Pablo City Division. Utilizing a researcher-made survey questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha of 0.87, data were gathered from randomly sampled school heads and teachers across seven districts and three clusters with a total participant of eighty-two school heads and three hundred twenty-four teachers. The study focused on self-assessment of resonant leadership traits and the level of instructional supervision by school heads. Findings revealed that school heads rated themselves highly in resonant leadership traits such as vision, compassion, positive mood, and altruism. Teachers also rated their school heads positively, though slightly lower than the self-assessments. No significant differences were found in resonant leadership based on demographic variables except for educational attainment, where higher qualifications were linked to stronger leadership traits. Both school heads and teachers rated the principals' instructional supervision very highly across various domains. A strong positive correlation was identified between resonant leadership characteristics and effective instructional supervision. The study proposed a targeted training program to enhance these leadership qualities and improve instructional supervision practices.

Cameroonian Physiotherapists' Practice, Confidence, and Perception of Health Promotion for People at Risk or with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors are increasing with associated disability and mortality burden globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Cameroon. Physiotherapist-led health promotion (PLHP) interventions provide opportunities to improve health and reduce this burden. Understanding physiotherapists' practice, confidence, and perception is crucial for designing effective, context-specific PLHP interventions. Methods: This qualitative study explored physiotherapists' practice, perceptions, and confidence in delivering PLHP to pwCVDs in Cameroon. Results: Sixteen participants completed the interviews, and analyses of the transcripts generated three main themes, which included (1) the perception of physiotherapists' roles in health promotion (HP), (2) current practice of PLHP, and (3) competence in the delivery of PLHP. Physiotherapists believe that delivering HP interventions in practice is within their professional role. Current HP practice was limited to exercise, physical activity, and dietary/nutritional interventions. Participants reported a lack of knowledge and formal training in PLHP delivery. Conclusions: Despite intense interest in HP, HP practice among physiotherapists is limited in scope, is under-resourced, and is limited by a lack of confidence in delivering behavioural change interventions. These findings are relevant for the design of appropriate clinical training and policies for the care of pwCVDs.

Community participation through women’s health collectives promoted by India’s National Urban Health Mission: a realist evaluation in Chhattisgarh state

BackgroundThe urban poor especially women slum dwellers face health inequity including disproportionate challenges in participating meaningfully in government programmes on health and its social determinants. To allow equitable participation of the urban poor in health, India’s National Urban Health Mission has promoted women’s health collectives known as the Mahila Arogya Samitis (MAS) in urban slums since 2013. No evaluations of this important government initiative are available.MethodsA realist evaluation was conducted. A sequential exploratory mixed-method approach involving the following steps was applied − 1) Developing the Initial Programme Theory on action and outcomes of MAS; 2) Testing the programme theory through quantitative and qualitative methods; and 3) Refining and consolidating the theory.ResultsOver three years preceding the survey, 59.1% of MAS in Chhattisgarh had taken action on healthcare related problems, 74.1% on food-security and nutrition, 60.8% on gender-based violence, 56.4% on drinking water, 70.8% on sanitation and 64.1% on social environment related issues. Around 95.3% MAS had taken action on at least one of the above six domains. The community participation through MAS was not limited to increased uptake of healthcare services but to a wider people-centred agenda on social determinants of health. The MAS were able to devise multiple strategies for identifying and solving the problems. Participatory selection of women as MAS members, autonomy in decision making, appropriate training design, regular meetings and facilitation provided to MAS by the community health workers emerged as the main enablers to their human-rights orientation and action. Their work is facilitated by the supervisory cadre under the Mitanin program under the leadership of State Health Resource Centre. The social recognition gained by women members of MAS acted as the key source of motivation to sustain their action. However, there are limitations to the actions taken by MAS. The action taken by MAS remained limited to their immediate surroundings, and they were unable to improve public accountability at the higher echelons, or bringing policy-level changes.ConclusionThe MAS experience in Chhattisgarh offers an example of effective community participation of urban poor in health through a process that empowers the underprivileged women. Equitable community processes require appropriate design and need to be nurtured through capacity building and facilitation guided by a similar ethos. The government can further enhance community participation and advance equity in health by allowing collectives such as the MAS a greater say in health planning and monitoring.

Competency Level in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) of Teachers: Basis for a Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) readiness training program

The study is aimed at determining the level of competence of information and communications technology (ICT) secondary teachers in the City Division of Ligao. Specifically, it is done to answer the following questions: (1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, number of training attended related to ICT, and other qualifications? (2) What is the competency level of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE)-ICT teachers in the four competency domains: technology operations and concepts, social and ethical, pedagogical, and professional domains? (3) Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile and the competency level of the ICT teachers along the four domains? (4) What training design can be proposed based on the findings of the study? A descriptive, evaluative, and survey method of research was utilized in this study. The instrument used in this study was a survey questionnaire adapted from the National ICT Competency Standard Framework (NICS). The gathered data were interpreted and analyzed using different statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentage technique, mean, weighted mean, Likert scale, and chi-square test for independence.

Comparative Analysis of Pass Go and Traditional Drill Training Methods on Passing Accuracy Development in Youth Football Players Aged 12-15 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of the study. The precision of passing techniques is crucial for young football players, yet empirical comparisons of training methodologies during ages 12 to 15 are lacking. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Pass Go methodology, a game-based learning approach, against traditional drill training in enhancing passing accuracy, decision-making speed, and technical execution among youth football players. Materials and methods. Sixty youth football players aged 12-15 were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention with three groups: Pass Go (game-based training), drill-based training, and a control group. Passing accuracy (short-range and medium-range), decision-making, and technical execution were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Results. During a 12-week intervention, the Pass Go methodology group significantly outperformed the drill-based training group in short-range passing accuracy, improving by 24.3% compared to 19.1% (d=1.82, p<0.001), medium-range passing accuracy with increases of 18.7% versus 15.4% (d=1.56, p<0.001), and decision-making speed, achieving a 64.3% improvement against 33.3% (p<0.001). Age-specific analysis revealed that younger participants (12 to 13 years) exhibited greater technical improvements, while older players (14 to 15 years) showed enhanced decision-making abilities. Both experimental groups significantly outperformed the control group across all parameters measured, confirming their superior efficacy. Conclusions. The Pass Go methodology, emphasizing game-based learning, significantly outperformed traditional training in developing comprehensive passing skills among youth football players. These findings advocate for the enhanced incorporation of game-based learning strategies in youth football programs and stress the need for age-specific adaptations in training design to maximize player development.

Design and evaluation of AR-based adaptive human-computer interaction cognitive training

Design and evaluation of AR-based adaptive human-computer interaction cognitive training

Incorporation of cultural competencies ensured achievement of project goals across multiple states supported by Howard University Global Initiative, Nigeria.

Incorporation of cultural competencies ensured achievement of project goals across multiple states supported by Howard University Global Initiative, Nigeria.

A Correlational Study of the Bahtsul Masail Method, Learning Motivation, and Students’ Understanding of Islamic Law

This study addresses the limited empirical investigations into the correlation between traditional Islamic learning models and student academic outcomes in higher education, specifically within the context of Islamic legal education. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the Bahtsul Masail method, learning motivation, and students’ understanding of Islamic law among fourth-semester students in the Ahwal al-Syakhsiyah program at IAIH NW Lombok Timur. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving a purposive sample of 53 students. Data were collected utilizing validated questionnaires and comprehension tests on Islamic law, subsequently analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation. The findings indicated that the implementation of the Bahtsul Masail method (M=78.5), students' learning motivation (M=81.2), and their understanding of Islamic law (M=76.4) all fell within the "high" category. Notably, significant positive correlations were identified between: (1) the Bahtsul Masail method and understanding of Islamic law; (2) learning motivation and understanding of Islamic law; and (3) the Bahtsul Masail method and learning motivation. These results highlight the necessity of integrating traditional pedagogical methods with motivational strategies to enhance educational outcomes in Islamic law programs. The study contributes to constructivist learning theory and Nurhayati’s motivational framework, illustrating how collaborative, context-rich learning experiences can promote deeper legal comprehension and academic motivation. The implications extend to curriculum development, teacher training, and instructional design, balancing classical Islamic approaches with contemporary educational needs. Future research should investigate longitudinal impacts, utilize mixed methods, and encompass additional Islamic law faculties to further elucidate this pedagogical synergy.

Accurate and Efficient Event-Based Semantic Segmentation Using Adaptive Spiking Encoder-Decoder Network.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), known for their low-power, event-driven computation, and intrinsic temporal dynamics, are emerging as promising solutions for processing dynamic, asynchronous signals from event-based sensors. Despite their potential, SNNs face challenges in training and architectural design, resulting in limited performance in challenging event-based dense prediction tasks compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this work, we develop an efficient spiking encoder-decoder network (SpikingEDN) for large-scale event-based semantic segmentation (EbSS) tasks. To enhance the learning efficiency from dynamic event streams, we harness the adaptive threshold which improves network accuracy, sparsity, and robustness in streaming inference. Moreover, we develop a dual-path spiking spatially adaptive modulation (SSAM) module, which is specifically tailored to enhance the representation of sparse events and multimodal inputs, thereby considerably improving network performance. Our SpikingEDN attains a mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 72.57% on the DDD17 dataset and 58.32% on the larger DSEC-Semantic dataset, showing competitive results to the state-of-the-art ANNs while requiring substantially fewer computational resources. Our results shed light on the untapped potential of SNNs in event-based vision applications. The source codes are publicly available at https://github.com/EMI-Group/spikingedn.

Stance and speed among softball players: Basis for training design development

Stance and speed among softball players: Basis for training design development

Acute effect of three functional fitness training designs with equalized load on inexperienced and experienced athletes.

In the realm of functional fitness training (FFT), three common circuits-as many repetitions or round as possible (AMRAP), for time (FT), and every minute on a minute (EMOM)-are prevalent. We aimed to elucidate the immediate impacts on athletes, considering the experience, when performing three workout modalities with matched training loads. Twenty-five healthy men and women, with at least three months of experience in FFT, were allocated into the Inexperienced group (IG) and Experienced group (EG). The cut point for allocating participant in each group was set at 24 months. All of them participated in three workouts (AMRAP, FT and EMOM) with three days of rest. A double comparison was performed between level of experience (IG and EG) and among kinds of training in rating of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration (LAC), countermovement jump (CMJ), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) using ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. Sex was initially analyzed but had no influence, leading to combined group analyses. The workout type significantly impacted performance, with AMRAP showing differences between expertise levels (ES = 0.81, p=.044). RPE varied by workout type (F(2,46) = 11.003; p<.001), with EG reporting FT as the most and EMOM as the least demanding. Lactate levels increased across all workouts, with FT showing the highest and EMOM the lowest levels (ES = 1.05, p<.001). CMJ performance declined post-AMRAP and FT in both groups, but not after EMOM. No expertise-level differences were found in HRmean or HRmax, but HRV changes were influenced by workout type (F(2,46) = 7.381; p<.01) and expertise (F(1,23) = 4.657; p=.034), with significant decreases in HRV after AMRAP and FT for IG. The study demonstrates that FT produced greater LAC and RPE as compared to an AMRAP, whereas EMOM generated less neuromuscular fatigue and Lac, particularly in EG. These results underscore the importance of individualizing workout selection to expertise level to optimize performance. Future research should explore longitudinal adaptation to different workout types across diverse populations.

Is Organizational Training Enabling or Withholding Employee Upskilling? A Study on Evolving Employee Perspectives on Training Needs, Implementation and Evaluation

The pandemic propelled organizations to rely on digital learning methods, encompassing self-paced modules and live virtual sessions. This study focused on understanding whether the preferences of today’s workforce for learning align with the training methodology employed by organizations. Through the purposive sampling technique, we identified participants working with early-stage startups to established multinational corporations in various sectors such as IT/ITES, BFSI, Martech, Telecom, Consulting, and Healthtech. Our sample size of 24 included employees in the age group of 21 to 30 years, with total work experience spanning between 11 months and 8.5 years. We conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews followed by narrative analysis methodology to analyze the responses and employee perspectives. Our key findings highlighted the importance of choosing the right trainer to ensure an optimum level of engagement, customization of training content for the audience and spacing out training timelines to avoid information overload. Additionally, participants preferred experiential learning through real-life case studies and group discussions on relevant topics for better applicability. Respondents favored case-study-based evaluations, conducted after a set period following the training, over the conventional methods of training evaluation. Notably, there was a preference for follow-up tests to assess learning retention. This study highlighted a misalignment between current training designs and the preference of the new generational workforce. Based on our insights, we emphasized the value of in-person training over self-paced options, even in the digital era. We have suggested ways for crafting more effective, robust and dynamic training programs which will aid organizations align with the ever-changing preferences of the current generation of workforce.

Discursive distancing and disconnection‐making in a culturally and linguistically complex book group

AbstractUsing data collected during a qualitative study of a book group in an after‐school programme at a public, urban elementary school, in this article, I analyse how immigrant‐ and refugee‐background students discursively distanced themselves from the portrayal of refugees in the text Outcasts United. The teacher chose this book because she believed it reflected students' own experiences. Yet they often resisted making personal connections to the refugee stories depicted, instead employing various discursive strategies to distance themselves and their experiences from those in the text. The study uses microethnographic and discourse analytical methods to examine interactions where students redirected conversations away from teacher‐proposed connections. Findings underscore how connection‐making is not universally straightforward or applicable, especially when assuming shared identities among minoritized students. By analysing instances where students engaged in distancing and disconnection‐making, this study emphasizes the value of fostering both connections and disconnections in literacy instruction. Implications for educators include the creation of spaces that encourage diverse, authentic responses to texts, as well as future teacher training and curriculum design that fosters students' ability to push against narratives with which they disagree. This approach could enrich the development of inclusive literacy practices that better serve multilingual students from diverse cultural and linguistic contexts.

Clinician Perspectives on Measurement-Based Care to Inform Pre-Implementation Training and Workflow Design on an Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Unit

ABSTRACT Background Measurement-based care (MBC) in an inpatient psychiatric setting is uncommon. Objective Our aim was to understand clinician pre-implementation attitudes about MBC to optimize workflow and training for MBC implementation in an adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit. Method We assessed clinician attitudes toward MBC prior to implementing it in a real-world clinical setting using interviews and a survey. Qualitative interviews were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and then mapped to potential solutions via the CFIR-to-ERIC (Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change) matching tool. These results, combined with the survey responses, informed MBC training and workflow design. We then re-assessed MBC attitudes with a post-training survey. Results The top CFIR barriers emphasized: 1) measure compatibility with unit context, 2) advantage and priority of the measure, 3) evidence strength and quality of MBC, and 4) existing beliefs about MBC. These barriers were mapped to potential implementation strategies via CFIR-to-ERIC matching tool. Top solutions informed an MBC workflow, clinician training, and a pre- and post-training survey. Identified workflow and training strategies included a need to prepare MBC champions, assess clinician readiness, and conduct training. The pre-training survey showed that clinicians strongly agreed with the rationale for MBC, moderately agreed that MBC would promote patient progress, and less strongly agreed that MBC could be feasibly added to their workloads. Post-training survey findings reflected continued high interest in MBC, an increase in attitudes that MBC could promote patient progress, and an increase in feasibility attitudes, though time constraints remained a concern. Conclusions An MBC training and workflow were tailored to incorporate these findings. Pre-implementation attitudes toward MBC critically informed workflow and training development and should be considered in the implementation phase. Specific challenges when implementing MBC within a diverse safety net adolescent inpatient setting are discussed.

Innovative Virtual Reality Training Schedule for Cricket Batting Skill Enhancement: Design, Validation, and Implementation

The goal of the study is to design and validate of virtual reality training schedule that will help cricket batsmen become more proficient at batting. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature on virtual reality training that develops and examines the player's skills, techniques, and decision-making abilities in various sports, the Virtual Reality Training Schedule (VRTS) aims to utilize the capabilities of virtual reality technology to provide an immersive and interactive training environment, allowing batsmen to practice and refine their batting techniques, decision-making abilities, and adaptability to diverse match scenarios. With the aid of tables and charts, the paper explains the process of designing and validating the virtual reality training schedule by adhering to important guidelines and professional recommendations. The paper highlights a well-designed Virtual reality training schedule that addresses the needs of the batsmen for cricket batting skill development. The study comes to the conclusion that the Virtual Reality Training Schedule has effectively met the urgent need for cutting-edge training techniques in the improvement of cricket batting skills. The use of virtual reality technology in training design has created new opportunities to improve batting abilities and overall performance. The research was conducted on an intentionally selected 20 male right-handed cricket batsmen aged 16–19 years old who were recruited from the Under-19 Interstate Championship, Punjab, India. The study assesses the overall cricket batting ability through a virtual reality training schedule in two different parts: a Virtual reality training schedule design and validation through experts and another part practical implementation to assess the training schedule's effect on selected batsmen's batting skill. For the VR training, the Researcher used the IB Cricket companion software where batsmen enhance their individual skills by wearing an Oculus Quest Advance 2.0 device which is a hardware companion ware run. (VRTG) participated in 12 practice sessions that were conducted over 4 weeks, each week 3 sessions, and each session was 35 Min for every Batsman. The results showed that the virtual reality training schedule significantly improved the batting skill ability of virtual reality training group (VRTG) batsmen. Specifically, for selected batting ability, there was a notably higher training load when playing in the regular environment compared to VR. Based on these findings, we recommend using the virtual environment to train effectively for batting skills enhancement. For performance-level players, VR is a suitable training tool in terms of muscle activation and batting skill enhancement.