Design Of Rectifier Research Articles

Lookup-Table-Based Automated Rectifier Synthesis

Rectifier design nowadays relies heavily on iterative optimization, which is prone to fall into local minima or end up with no solution. Such a procedure is time-consuming and requires lots of experience from designers. Guided rectifier synthesis with the least engagement of optimization is thus desired. In this article, a lookup-table-based automated rectifier synthesis method is presented. The lookup tables are essentially contour maps of the rectifier performance indicators on a 2-D plane of the absorbed RF power P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> and the load resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> . To establish lookup tables, an improved rectification model is developed, allowing for accurate data generation at any specific coordinate (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> ). High-quality lookup tables are thus established with the equidistant data over the (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> ) plane. Based on the lookup tables, the optimal operating point (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> ) can be straightforwardly identified according to the requirement, facilitating the subsequent diode and topology selection and matching circuit design. The whole design flow is sequential and automated, only engaging fine-tuning in the final stage. Simulation and measurement results validate the proposed methodology.

Rectifier Design in RF Energy Harvesting System with Television Antenna at UHF Frequency

Nowadays, the development of technology is increasing rapidly, one of which is the development of telecommunication technology. Telecomunication provides communication services by using radio waves as information carriers, as a result of the large number of electromagnetic waves in the natural surroundings. From this, various studies have now been developed in order to be able to utilize the energy contained in electromagnetic waves that are around as an alternative energy source, also called Energy Harvesting. The purpose of making this thesisis to make a rectifier and integrated with a television antenna to convert the RF signal at the UHF frequency (470MHz-807 MHz) into DC voltage energy as an Energy Harvesting system. In this final project, a 2.4 and 6-stage voltage douber rectifier was designed using the HSMS 2820 diode and integrated with television antenna. The results of the rectifier circuit made are circuit simulation. The rectifier is able to convert the AC input to DC and amplify the output voltage to achieve multiple stages of the circuit used. In the 6-stage rectifier circuit fabrication test, the largest output produced reached 1.3 V with an input of 0.398 V at a frequency of 470 MHz while the output was the smallest is 3 mV with an input of 0.022 V at a frequency of 637 MHz, and in testing using a TV antenna as an RF signal catcher from the transmitter, the largest voltage obtained reaches 1,019 V in a 6-stage circuit, the output voltage is DC voltage.

Design and Research of Thyristor Rectifier Based on Polarization Technology

The thyristor rectifier has the advantages of simple operation, fast response, good steady flow accuracy and high rectification efficiency. In this paper, the system structure design and parameter design of the thyristor rectifier are carried out, and the main technical measures of the rectifier cabinet are analyzed. Through the research of the thyristor rectifier system, the system can obtain high stability DC current, which can basically meet the actual production needs.

Multilayer Graphene-Based Thermal Rectifier with Interlayer Gradient Functionalization.

As a counterpart of electrical and optical diodes with asymmetric transmission properties, the nanoscale thermal rectifier has attracted huge attention. Graphene has been expected as the most promising candidate for the design and fabrication of high-performance thermal rectifiers. However, most reported graphene-based thermal rectification has been achieved only within the plane of the graphene layer, and the efficiency is heavily limited by the lateral size, restricting the potential applications. In this paper, we propose a design of multilayer graphene-based thermal rectifier (MGTR) with interlayer gradient functionalization. A unique thermal rectification along the vertical direction without lateral size limitation is demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. The heat flux prefers to transport from a fully hydrogenated graphene layer to a pristine graphene layer. The analysis of phonon density of states reveals that the mismatch between dominant frequency domains plays a crucial role in the vertical thermal rectification phenomenon. The impacts of temperature and strain on the rectification efficiency are systematically investigated, and we verify the interlayer welding process as an effective approach to eliminate the degradation induced by out-of-plane compression. In addition, compared with uniform hydrogenation at average H-coverage, an anomalous enhancement of in-plane thermal conductivity of multilayer graphene with interlayer gradient hydrogenation is observed. The proposed MGTR has great potential in designing devices for heat management and logic control.

Cost-effective and scalable rectifier design for multiple piezoelectric power sources with improved performance

Multiple piezoelectric power sources are used for extending the bandwidth or the multi-direction operation capability of the vibration harvesters. Typical rectifier configurations including parallel or series connection before a shared rectifier or one rectifier per source are usually used for regulating the multiple sources. The problem of charge cancelation arises for the shared rectifier configuration while diodes are too many for the configuration of one rectifier per source. In this article, improved rectifier design is proposed for multiple sources by introducing a common ground branch. The improved scalable rectifier design is capable of unifying more than one sources of different voltage polarity to power the load without charge cancelation, thus promising better performance than the aforementioned configurations. The power enhancement is verified through simulations and experiments with a maximum boost of 91.9% and the effective bandwidth is increased by 23.3% at least. In particular, the design has the advantage of cost saving by reducing the diodes to almost the half in comparison with the configuration of one rectifier per source.

Optimal Design of Bidirectional PFC Rectifiers and Inverters Considering 2L and 3L Topologies with Si, SiC, and GaN Switches

Optimal Design of Bidirectional PFC Rectifiers and Inverters Considering 2L and 3L Topologies with Si, SiC, and GaN Switches

A Temperature Compensated 61-W Class-E Soft-Switching GaN-Based Active Diode Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer Applications

The proposed 6.78-MHz Class-E receiver features a soft-switching and temperature-compensated GaN-based active diode (GAD) rectifier design. Using the temperature dependence of the relationship between the driving voltage and the on-resistance of the switch, the gate-source control voltage of GaN can be adjusted to mitigate efficiency variations based on temperature effects. Moreover, a phase shift comparator activation controller is based on the direct relationship between the phase delay on the gate drive signals and the output power. The temperature dependency voltage offset of the comparator is alleviated with auto-zeroing. GAD rectifier ensures energy transfer up to 61 W and 6.8 A, high efficiency of 92%, and low harmonic distortion of 2.1%.

An 18.9-dB Dynamic-Range Rectifier Based on Time-Domain Modeling and Quality Factor

This letter presents a design of 433-MHz rectifier for wireless power transmission (WPT) in medical implant devices (MIDs). By modeling microwave Schottky diode in the time domain, the dc voltage and the optimal input impedance can be obtained at the high input power range when the current waveform at each input power was determined and implemented. At the input terminal, a pair of shunt capacitors were connected with the series and shunt inductors to improve the quality ( $Q$ ) factor of matching network, which enhanced the rectifier efficiency in the wide input power range. By using lump elements in matching network, the 1.1 cm $\times0.4$ cm compact-size rectifier had the measured efficiency above 50.1% where the input power from −6.8 dBm (0.209 mW) to 12.1 dBm (16.22 mW) and thus, the dynamic range of 18.9 dB achieved. The peak efficiency was 64.4% at 5 dBm (3.16 mW).

Analysis and Design of a Reconfigurable Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Power Transfer

An efficient and reconfigurable rectifier circuit, with the capability of automatically switching from low-power to high-power operation mode, is presented in this paper. The new topology allows the rectifier to convert RF power to dc power efficiently over an extended input power range. The circuit consists of diodes as rectifying elements and of n-channel field effect transistor in a depletion mode acting as the automated switch. Without using an external dc source, the circuit directly uses the rectified output dc voltage to bias the transistor, allowing high conversion efficiency over a wide input power range. This results in a compact and self-contained circuit. A total of two prototypes optimized for near-field and far-field wireless power transfer systems are fabricated and the measured results show that the performance exceeds that of the conventional rectifier circuit, which can only stay efficient over a limited range of the input power. The proposed design can maintain more than 50% of conversion efficiency over more than 25-dB range of the input power, with peak efficiency of 88% and 80% for near-field and far-field rectifiers, respectively. A system-level validation also confirms the improvement of the proposed rectifier design.

An SSHI Rectifier for Triboelectric Energy Harvesting

In this article, a synchronized switching harvesting on inductor (SSHI)-based rectifier for triboelectric energy harvesting is reported for the first time. In the recent few years, triboelectric energy harvesters (TEs), also called triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), are emerging and extensively studied, which provide promising solutions for converting mechanical energy to electricity as power resources for electronics. To practically power electronics from TENGs, a power management module with high energy efficiency is also essential. The state of the art of power management circuits for triboelectric energy harvesting is mainly focused on increasing dc–dc power efficiency technically. In this article, we report an SSHI rectifying strategy associated with TEH design and provide a new perspective on designing TEHs or TENGs by considering their capacitance concurrently. A new theoretical model is developed for electricity generation from triboelectric energy harvesting considering the introduced pairing capacitance and the impact force under practical condition. We also demonstrate that ultralow-cost, easy-fabricated TEHs can also generate a reasonable amount of power. The experimental results show that the proposed SSHI rectifier increases the harvested power by 242.83% when compared with a full-wave bridge rectifier for a newly designed low-cost TEH. The proposed SSHI interface provides a promising strategy of rectifier design to enhance ac–dc energy efficiency for triboelectric energy harvesting.

Design Method of Self-Driving RF-DC Rectifier Based on Waveform-Guided Solutions to Passive Matching Network

The design of a self-driving RF-DC rectifier needs to synchronize the gate driving and RF power input. A waveform-based design method is proposed in this paper to get this synchronization through a direct network-parameter calculation of the coupling and matching circuit, other than introducing an adjustable phase shifter on its dual power amplifier prototype. In order to get a practical design at microwave band, nonlinear feedback capacitances, package parasitics, and device's I-V curves are considered in the large-signal RF-DC rectifier circuit analysis. The external passive matching network characterized by its Z -parameters can be determined in order to realize a specific high-efficiency operation mode, which is quantified by waveform distance. An RF-DC class-E rectifier example at 2.8 GHz is given to demonstrate this design method based on a modified GaN device model including negative drain voltages. Rectification efficiency of 70.8% is measured for a 10 W input power at 2.8 GHz.

Fuzzy Logic Based Robust DVC Design of PWM Rectifier Connected to a PMSG WECS under wind/load Disturbance Conditions

Permanent Magnet Generator has been widely used in Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System (VSWECS). Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) of the generator side converter has the ability to have good regulation of the DC-link voltage to meet the requirements necessary to achieve optimal system operation, regardless of the disturbances caused by the characteristics of the drive train or some changes into the DC-load. The main focus of this paper is to present a model for a three-phase voltage source space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) rectifier which is connected to a PMSG in a wind turbine system, where a direct voltage control (DVC) using FLC based on voltage orientation strategy is used to control the mentioned rectifier. The control algorithm employs a fuzzy logic controller to effectively achieve a smooth control of DC-link voltage under wind/load perturbation conditions. Some simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink, are presented to show the effectiveness of the SVPWM rectifier Connected to a PMSG WECS with the proposed control strategy.

Design of an Ultra-Wideband High-Efficiency Rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission and Harvesting Applications

The wireless power transmission and harvesting techniques is becoming more and more important in industrial applications. A wide operating bandwidth is always expected for these two techniques. However, the existing rectifying structures usually can operate only over a narrow bandwidth. To achieve the wideband and efficient rectifying, the variation of optimum input impedance for the rectifier over the operating band should be as small as possible. For this issue, the voltage doubler configuration is analyzed and proved theoretically to exhibit slowly changing optimum input impedance. Based on this unique property, the simplified real frequency is utilized as the universal design approach together with the theoretical calculation. For demonstration, two rectifiers have been designed, fabricated, and measured for different input power levels. The proposed rectifiers showed the good characteristics in both efficiency and bandwidth. The rectifier applied in the high-power scenario kept conversion efficiency higher than 50% from 0.6 to 3 GHz, which corresponds to a relative bandwidth of 133%. The other rectifier designed for the low-power scenario maintained conversion efficiency higher than 40% within a wide bandwidth of 73.1%. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other, which validates the proposed structure and design methodology.

Design of a Three-Phase Bidirectional PWM Rectifier with Simple Control Algorithm

Abstract The paper covers the main aspects of designing a low voltage three-phase PWM rectifier for bidirectional AC/DC power flow with unity power factor. A model in Matlab/Simulink environment has been built for a 10kW active rectifier with an LCL filter connected to grid side of the rectifier. The primary goal of the model is to achieve low grid current harmonic content for frequency ranges described in worldwide applicable standards and above. LCL filter parameter design procedure is described in the paper and implemented in the rectifier model to achieve a better power quality with limitations in passive element size. A simple “p-q” theory-based voltage oriented control algorithm is used in the model and described in the present paper. Model performance is characterised by dynamic response, stability and grid parameters during simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the modelled rectifier system is stable and the grid current harmonic content is low both in the low-and high-frequency ranges.

CMOS rectifier design for RFID chip with high sensitivity at low input power to be combined with an ultrasmall antenna

AbstractThis paper presents CMOS radio frequency (RF) rectifier circuit design for radio frequency identification (RFID) tag with integrated on‐chip antenna. The proposed design focuses on high sensitivity and high efficiency at low input power. The rectifier circuit was designed using Advanced Design System (ADS) software tool with the UMC130 process as a single‐ended rectifier structure in different topologies where sensitivity and efficiency enhancement techniques are applied. This work presents the performance of the proposed CMOS RF rectifier circuit in comparison with previously published works for 915 MHz and 5.8 GHz operating frequencies. For the 915 MHz band, the highest sensitivity of −19.8 dBm is provided by the adaptive threshold voltage compensation circuit with a power conversion efficiency of 9.843%. The 5.8 GHz band uses the adaptive threshold voltage compensation and dynamic bulk bias techniques providing the highest sensitivity of −16.8 dBm. Compared with other works in the literature, the proposed circuits offer greater sensitivity and can easily be matched with ultrasmall on‐chip antennas because of appropriate values of the input impedance.

High-Efficient Broadband CPW RF Rectifier for Wireless Energy Harvesting

In this paper, the implementation of a compact, wideband, single layer, and simple RF rectifier design is discussed. The proposed rectifier configuration is based on the coplanar waveguide transmission line. The rectifier is constructed using the voltage doubler circuit in conjunction with a broadband matching network. To obtain a small circuit size, the matching circuit is constituted with a series dual-inductive lumped element. The overall rectifier dimensions are very compact $22.5\times 31\,\,\text {mm}^{2}$ . In order to accurately characterize the rectifier performance, the electromagnetic and harmonic balance simulations are conducted using the Agilent, ADS software. The comparison shows good agreement between the simulation and measurement results. For instance, the peak measured efficiency is 74.8% at 10-dBm RF input power and the corresponding simulated value is 75% with a terminal load of 1 $\text{k}\Omega $ . The efficient frequency range is extending from 0.1 to 2.5 GHz, with an efficiency of more than 45% at input power 10 dBm.

Analysis, Design, and Implementation of a Single-Stage Multipulse Flexible-Topology Thyristor Rectifier for Battery Charging in Electric Vehicles

With the widespread growth in the use of electric vehicles (EVs), there is an urgent demand for fast-charging battery charger so as to alleviate the range anxiety for car users. A novel multipulse flexible-topology thyristor-based rectifier (mPFTTR) is proposed in this paper, which can be a suitable candidate for high-power fast-charging battery charger of the EVs. The proposed architecture has five operating modes: Series mode with 24 pulses (SM24P), parallel mode with 24 pulse, hybrid modes with 24 pulses (HM24P), series mode with 12 pulses, and parallel mode with 12 pulses. To meet the practical requirement of fast charging, the predictive current control strategy combined with multistep constant current charging (MSCCC) is also proposed, and followed by the detailed implementation and analysis. Simulation and experimental verifications are carried out, and both results show that the predictive current control strategy combined with the MSCCC method can charge the EVs with wide-range input voltage, and fast charging is also achieved. Finally, efficiency evaluation and comparisons of total harmonic distortions of the input current are developed between the proposed mPFTTR which operates in HM24P and the conventional thyristor-based rectifier that operates in SM24P.

Enhanced Broadband RF Differential Rectifier Integrated with Archimedean Spiral Antenna for Wireless Energy Harvesting Applications

This work addresses the design and implementation of a broadband differential rectifier (DR) combined with an Archimedean spiral dipole antenna (ASDA) for wireless power harvesting at low incident power densities below 200 W/cm. The proposed design exhibits an improved RF-DC conversion efficiency over a wide frequency range from 1.2 to 5 GHz. This frequency band is associated with several wireless communication services, for instance, ISM, WLAN, 5G, LTE, and GPS applications. The receiving planar ASDA exhibits circular polarization and has an average measured gain of 4.5 dBi from 1.2 to 5 GHz. To enable a wide operating bandwidth, the rectifier circuit is constituted by two architectures, designated A and B. Each scheme is designed to harvest power efficiently across a specific bandwidth. The optimal performance of both rectifiers are obtained using the nonlinear harmonic-balance simulations. The antenna–rectifier integration yields a compact rectenna with a high-efficiency performance over the intended bandwidth from 1.2 to 5 GHz for an input power of 9 dBm and terminal load resistance of 1 k. The total measured RF-DC conversion efficiency is maintained above 30% across the entire frequency range with a peak value of 61% achieved at 1.2 GHz. In comparison with similar architectures, the proposed rectenna maintains a stable output efficiency despite the wide fluctuations in the input frequency and also has a minimum footprint size (58 × 55 mm).

An Efficient CMOS Dual Switch Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting Circuits

In this research work, we investigated a dual switch (DS) active rectifier for the piezoelectric (PE) energy scavenging system. In the proposed DS active rectifier configuration, two extra switches are shunted across the PE transducer which helps the PE transducer’s capacitor in charging and discharging which results in maximum power extraction from the PE transducer. Moreover, in the proposed rectifier configuration comparator controlled active diodes are used instead of conventional/passive diodes to minimize the threshold voltage V T H drop. The proposed DS active rectifier design is fabricated in a 1-poly 6-metal 180-nm standard CMOS process. The simulation and measured results of the proposed DS active rectifier design have the better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 91.5 %, which definitely helps in extracting more power than the conventional full bridge rectifier (FBR).

A new design of high output voltage rectifier for rectenna system at 2.45 GHz

&lt;p&gt;This paper deals with the design and achievement of a novel microstrip rectifier with high conversion efficiency and output voltage. Firstly, we have designed a rectifier based on HSMS2820 Schottky diodes by using a series topology to convert the electromagnetic energy into DC power. Then, a stepped-impedance low pass filter was implemented to filter the unwanted harmonics generated by the non-linear Schottky diode. Both of the structures have been simulated and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity constant 4.4, thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.025. Good performances were confirmed throughout the measurement results and an interesting output voltage was observed.&lt;/p&gt;