Pumping Station Design Research Articles

Numerical Modeling of Liquid Flow in a Pump Station

Amathematical model is presented for two-phase flow in a pump station. The model is based on three-dimensional non-steady-state Reynolds equations. Turbulence is modeled using the standard k-ω SST model. Two-phase flow is calculated by the VOF method. Analyses of liquid behavior are presented under different initial liquid levels in the station. A optimum value for the initial liquid level is obtained. Areas of vortex formation are shown when the liquid level deviates from the recommended value. The effectiveness of the given pump station design is confirmed.

1 Billion+ GPD Storm Water Pump Station Design and Construction - Lessons Learned

1 Billion+ GPD Storm Water Pump Station Design and Construction - Lessons Learned

Influence of design parameters of discharge passage on the performance of shaft tubular pumping system

Shaft tubular pumping systems with straight discharge passage are more widely adopted because they possesses many advantages such as easier installation of pump sets, better ventilation for motor and transmission devices, open access to inspect pump sets and lower cost for maintenance. The design parameters of a straight discharge passage will directly affect hydraulic loss and energy performance of the shaft pumping system. The optimal hydraulic design of discharge passages is carried out under the guideline of Pump Station Design Code to satisfy optimal design objectives. Computational fluid dynamics is applied to simulate the internal flow of a shaft pumping system the influence of its design parameter on the system performance is investigated. Keeping the shaft and suction box unchanged, six discharge passage design schemes with different length and outlet width are compared based on CFD to analyze the internal flow fields and their energy performances are predicted. The computed results indicate that when the outlet width of discharge passage is fixed, the longer the discharge passage, the better the internal flow fields with smaller backflow and vortex zone inside the passage. When the length of discharge passage is determined, the axial velocity distribution uniformity and bias angle in the outlet section will vary with the value of the outlet width. Optimal hydraulic design of discharge passages can achieve better internal flow and higher pumping efficiency.

State-of-the-Art Pump Station Design, Onondaga County, New York

State-of-the-Art Pump Station Design, Onondaga County, New YorkOnondaga County, New York, initiated the design of an effluent pumping station as part of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) control facility to help address CSOs into Onondaga Lake. Utilizing the analytical methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, coupled with the implementation of physical model testing, a compact optimized effluent pumping system was developed for this challenging...Author(s)John PerrielloChris LaMannaJohn RichardsonNick CapozzaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Sep, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811740594Volume / Issue2012 / 17Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2012Word count84

Optimal Hydraulic Design and Numerical Simulation of Pumping Systems

Optimal hydraulic design is very important in the selection of pumping station design schemes. Through optimal hydraulic design of pumping system it is possible to generate better flow conditions for pump, to reduce hydraulic losses both in suction box and discharge passage and improve pumping system efficiency. Guiding principles and evaluation indexes for optimal hydraulic design of pumping system was proposed, and a case study was given to illustrate the effect of optimal design on the pumping system performances. The time-averaged three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were closed by RNG turbulence model and SIMPLEC arithmetic was adopted to couple pressure and velocity fields. Computed results indicate that with the given water level data and within the limitations of civil construction dimensions, the flow conditions of pump in terms of bias angle and distribution uniformity of axial velocity are effectively improved through optimal design, and hydraulic losses of suction box and discharge passage are decreased by 0.115m and the pumping system efficiency are improved by 2.02%. The validity of optimal method by means of computational fluid dynamics is verified by a model pumping system test.

Discussion of “Generalized Method for Storm-Water Pumping Station Design” by S. David Graber

The author develops an approximate method for calculating the constant rate of discharge and accompanying temporary runoff storage volume for small storm-water pumping stations based on an idea presented by Burton (1980) along with a variant of the modified rational method (MRM). Some background information is provided before discussing the author’s analysis, using the author’s notation as much as possible to avoid confusion. The rational formula or rational method (ASCE 1992, p. 90–96) gives the peak flow rate from a catchment as

Closure to “Generalized Method for Storm-Water Pumping Station Design” by S. David Graber

Closure to “Generalized Method for Storm-Water Pumping Station Design” by S. David Graber

Optimal design and operation of pumping stations using NLP-GA

This paper addresses the optimal design and operation of an irrigation pumping station system using hybrid non-linear programming and a genetic algorithm (NLP-GA), and evaluates the algorithm in a practical problem. Results of the NLP-GA are compared with existing optimisation approaches to solve the same problem. The analytical approaches considered are the Lagrange multiplier method, a genetic algorithm and the honey-bee mating optimisation algorithm. The Lagrange multiplier method, genetic algorithm, honey-bee mating optimisation and the NLP-GA hybrid are used to simultaneously optimise the minimum annualised investment cost of the pumping station and its annual operating cost. The solution includes selection of pump type, capacity, number of units and scheduling of pump operation. The hybrid algorithm takes advantage of the high speed of NLP as well as the intelligent searching of evolutionary algorithms to overcome the shortcomings of individual NLP and genetic algorithm methods such as trapping of local optima, reporting only local or near-global optimal solutions and the low convergence rate of evolutionary algorithms in this type of problem. The results highlight the advantages in design, effective operation and ease of the NLP-GA method for solving complex problems of the type considered here. Although the NLP-GA converges rapidly, the results are promising and compare well with those of the Lagrange multiplier method, the genetic algorithm and honey-bee mating optimisation.

Generalized Method for Storm-Water Pumping Station Design

The present paper presents a generalized solution for the hydrologic and hydraulic design of small to medium-sized storm-water pumping stations. The solution enables determination of pump capacity and the corresponding storage capacity. The benefits of the solution include: (1) the ability to consider the effects of storm duration rather than the fixed hydrology assumed in other methods; (2) a simpler and more intuitive design procedure than other available methods; and (3) enabling the calculation of storage requirements independent of the geometry of the wet well and any inundated upstream area. The relation of the method presented herein to several other available methods is presented and the other methods critiqued conceptually and by example. The example is favorably tested using commercial software, and the constant-pumped-discharge assumption of the example is further tested using that software for an actual pump discharge-total dynamic head and system flow-head relationship. Extension of the metho...

Mobile dry pumping stations for PETRA III beamlines

The PETRA storage ring at DESY will be upgraded to a third generation synchrotron radiation source with 14 beamlines in the PETRA III project. Mobile pumping stations will be needed for the initial pump down of the beamlines and beamline components. They will also be provided for users to pump down their experimental chambers and include the possibility of leak detection and bake out control. Since the layout of the old pumping station design used at DORIS beamlines does not fulfil today's requirements, a new pumping station was developed. In contrast to the former design it has a dry pumping system and uses a by-pass of the turbo molecular pump for fast pump down of the attached vacuum chamber. The new control system is implemented as a binary sequential control, which runs on two CPLD-Chips (Complex Programmable Logical Device). It controls the pump down process, the bake out of the attached vacuum component, toggling of the roughing pump, and the blocking of reverse gas flow to prevent contamination of the vacuum system with particles. The pumping station is controlled via a local front panel and accessible via Ethernet for remote operation.

Optimal design and operation of irrigation pumping stations using mathematical programming and Genetic Algorithm (GA)

For many water authorities worldwide, one of the greatest potential areas for energy savings is in pump selection and in the related effective scheduling of daily pump operations. The optimal control and operation of an irrigation pumping station is achieved here by first solving the nonlinear governing model using Lagrange Multipliers (LM) and then through Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Computation in both methods is driven by an objective function that includes operating and capital costs subject to various performance and hydraulic constraints. The LM approach first specifies the annual energy costs and minimizes the total cost for all sets of pumping stations; the method then selects the least-cost pumps from among the feasible sets. The GA model simultaneously determines the least total annual cost of the pump station and its operation. The solution includes the selection of pump type, capacity, and the number of units, as well as scheduling the operation of irrigation pumps that results in minimum design and operating cost for a set of water demand curves. Application of the two models to a real-world project shows not only considerable savings in cost and energy but also highlights the efficiency and ease of the GA approach for solving complex problems of this type.

Pumping station design for a pumped-storage wind-hydro power plant

This work presents a numerical study of the optimum sizing and design of a pumping station unit in a hybrid wind-hydro plant. The standard design that consists of a number of identical pumps operating in parallel is examined in comparison with two other configurations, using one variable-speed pump or an additional set of smaller jockey pumps. The aim is to reduce the amount of the wind generated energy that cannot be transformed to hydraulic energy due to power operation limits of the pumps and the resulting step-wise operation of the pumping station. The plant operation for a period of one year is simulated by a comprehensive evaluation algorithm, which also performs a detailed economic analysis of the plant using dynamic evaluation methods. A preliminary study of the entire plant sizing is carried out at first using an optimization tool based on evolutionary algorithms. The performance of the three examined pumping station units is then computed and analyzed in a comparative study. The results reveal that the use of a variable-speed pump constitutes the most effective and profitable solution, and its superiority is more pronounced for less dispersed wind power potential.

Optimal design of pumping stations of inland intensive fishfarms

An algorithm for selection of least cost or optimum pump combinations in water supply systems and to evaluate the system's energy cost of inland intensive fishfarms is presented. The model is based on solving a non-linear programming problem. Optimum design refers to the selection of pump type, capacity, and number of units that results in minimum design and operating costs for a given water demand curve. The optimization process consists of three main steps: (1) determination of fishfarm daily water requirements; (2) determination of all sets of pumping stations that satisfy the maximum requirements of flow and energy head of the fishfarm water distribution network; and (3) selection of the least-cost set among the feasible sets of pumping stations. The model was established based on data from an actual eel fishfarm in southern Spain. Application of the model shows that the optimal solution with the pump operation scheme at a constant rate (maximum requirements of flow) saved 70% of the actual total annual cost of the pumping station. The optimal solution with a variable pumping rate (pumped flow adjustment to match demand) saved 92% of the actual total annual cost with all fixed speed pump groups. Savings about 95% were obtained when one variable speed pump group was included in the optimal solution.

Municipal Wastewater Pump Station Design Problems and Solutions

Municipal Wastewater Pump Station Design Problems and Solutions

Flow resistance of wastewater pumping mains

A key requirement for the effective and economic design of sewer pumping stations is reliable information on the flow resistance of pipes carrying wastewater. The hydraulic resistance of such pipes can depend on a variety of factors, including the thickness of the biological slimes that build up in the pipe walls over a period of time, the size of the pipe, the velocity of the flow and characteristics of the sewage being pumped through the system. Current knowledge on this problem is limited and, therefore, a field study was undertaken of 16 pumping mains to collect data on in-service flow resistance. Data from each site were analysed to determine the hydraulic resistance of the pumping mains and the importance of parameters such as flow velocity and pipe diameter. It was found that the most important parameter affecting the hydraulic resistance in wastewater pumping mains is the flow velocity: as the flow velocity increases the hydraulic resistance decreases. Other parameters such as pipe material and diameter were also investigated, but the results showed no clear overall effect on the resistance values. From these results a predictive equation was developed that relates the flow velocity to the best-fit value of hydraulic resistance. The variability of the results, due to pipe sliming and other uncertainties, is considered by identifying upper and lower bounds for the prediction equations based on the spread of the data collected.

Flow resistance of wastewater pumping mains

A key requirement for the effective and economic design of sewer pumping stations is reliable information on the flow resistance of pipes carrying wastewater. The hydraulic resistance of such pipes can depend on a variety of factors, including the thickness of the biological slimes that build up in the pipe walls over a period of time, the size of the pipe, the velocity of the flow and characteristics of the sewage being pumped through the system. Current knowledge on this problem is limited and, therefore, a field study was undertaken of 16 pumping mains to collect data on in-service flow resistance. Data from each site were analysed to determine the hydraulic resistance of the pumping mains and the importance of parameters such as flow velocity and pipe diameter. It was found that the most important parameter affecting the hydraulic resistance in wastewater pumping mains is the flow velocity: as the flow velocity increases the hydraulic resistance decreases. Other parameters such as pipe material and diameter were also investigated, but the results showed no clear overall effect on the resistance values. From these results a predictive equation was developed that relates the flow velocity to the best-fit value of hydraulic resistance. The variability of the results, due to pipe sliming and other uncertainties, is considered by identifying upper and lower bounds for the prediction equations based on the spread of the data collected.

New VAI descaling philosophy by use of variable speed pumps

The VAI Variable Speed Descaler takes full advantage from the use of variable speed pumps powered by inverter driven AC motors. Integration with strip tracking and feed forward pump control, together with direct application, allow to optimize the energy savings, to improve pumps life and to simplify the layout. Integration with flow and pressure feedback measurements at headers allows headers pressure tuning, nozzle wear compensation, process control with different “descaling recipes” as function of steel grade and main strip parameters, bar-to-bar adaptation of descaling parameters in case in-line surface inspection is present. Specific “descaling recipes” and pumping station design, together with proper mill scheduling, result in a new maintenance concept allowing to run the system without a stand-by pump, saving investment cost. First two references of this new system are at the hot strip mills of Ilva Taranto (HSM No. 1) (Italy) and of Duferco La Louviere (Belgium).

Optimal Design and Operation of Irrigation Pumping Stations

A methodology based on solving a large-scale nonlinear programming problem is presented for the optimal design and operation of pumping stations. Optimum design and operation refers to the selection of pump type, capacity, and number of units as well as scheduling the operation of irrigation pumps that results in minimum design and operating cost for a given set of demand curves. The design criteria for such pumping stations are based fundamentally on some important and critical parameters, such as pump capacity, number of units, types of pumps, and civil works. The optimization process consists of three main steps: ~1! determination of minimum yearly consumed energy; ~2! minimization of the total cost for all sets of pumping stations; and ~3! selection of the least-cost set among the feasible sets of pumping stations, recognizing a combination of the cited criteria. The computational analysis is based upon one major objective function and a computer program, which is developed to solve the generated equations. Application of the model to the Farabi Agricultural and Industrial Project, Iran, shows considerable savings, about 25% in total annual cost of the pumping station.

Wastewater pumping station design—experiences of West of Scotland Water: project definition and development

Many wastewater pumping stations ranging in size and purpose currently operate in West of Scotland Water (WoSW). In recent years substantial investment in large-capacity coastal pumping stations has been undertaken to transfer domestic sewage to treatment, limit storm spillage and hence comply with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) in terms of frequency of storm sewage discharge. In addition the requirement of the UWWTD to cease dumping of sludge at sea from December 1998 has meant transfer of sludge produced in the Glasgow area to a single sludge treatment centre located to the east of the city. This has meant the design and construction of a network of pumping mains and pumping stations across the city. The author has been responsible for the project management of several of the above schemes. This paper highlights and discusses some of the key areas of wastewater pumping station project definition and development, utilising experience gained from those projects. The paper initially discusses some of the factors influencing the development of a wastewater pumping station design. Then, using a case study, it gives examples of how these have been catered for.

Pumping Station Design, 2nd Ed.

Pumping Station Design, 2nd Ed.