Design Of Fractal Antenna Research Articles

WITHDRAWN: Modelling and design of fractal antenna of multiband applications

Abstract This paper introduces the design as well as modelling of a multiband planar antenna based on fractal shapes. Sierpinski carpet as well as Minkowski fractal geometries are applied to a square shaped patch antenna. The result from this combination is multiband, small size, high gain as well as low return loss antenna. The proposed antenna cover multi-frequency bands such as, 3.4, 4.03, 5.8, 6.48, 6.78, 7.32, 8.26, 9.21, 10.09 GHz. Antenna parameters as well as performance have been calculated as well as tested by using FEKO software, where it is full wave electromagnetic software based on advanced numerical methods.

Design of multiband fractal antenna loaded with parasitic elements for gain enhancement

Design of multiband fractal antenna loaded with parasitic elements for gain enhancement

Design and simulation of microstrip fractal patch antenna

The proposed fractal antenna is designed to operate at the frequency of 7.23 GHz using an FR4 substrate of relative permittivity of εr = 4.4. Different optimization techniques have been used, such as slots, use of meta-materials, fractal design, Feeding Techniques, to improve some antenna parameters. The resulting fractal design provides a gain of 10 dBi and a return loss of -19.8 dB which is about 90% of the input power radiated.

Design and Simulation of Reconfigurable Fractal Antenna

Design and Simulation of Reconfigurable Fractal Antenna

Design and Simulation of Fractal Antenna

Design and Simulation of Fractal Antenna

On the design of novel half T-square strip fractal antenna

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel half T-square strip fractal antenna has been proposed. The antenna has been designed on FR4 (ɛr = 4.4) substrate with a size of 26 × 20 × 1 mm. The reported antenna resonates at 0.91 (0.89–0.95 GHz), 2.16 GHz (2.1–2.23 GHz), 4.19 GHz (3.9–4.4 GHz), 5.22 GHz (5.1–5.3 GHz), 7.69 GHz (7.3–8 GHz), and at 9.16 GHz (9.1–9.3 GHz) having a gain of 5.6 dB, 0.2 dB, 1.4 dB, 2.1 dB, 2.4 dB, and 2.5 dB, respectively. The antenna size has been miniaturised by 93% in terms of the lowest resonating frequency in comparison to a conventional patch antenna by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna covers the frequency bands for applications such as Radiolocation, deep space research, Aeronautical Radio Navigation services (ARNS), Maritime Radio Navigation services (MRNS), and Fixed Satellite Services (FSS). The prototype of the proposed half T-square strip fractal antenna has been fabricated. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.

Design and analysis of reconfigurable fractal antenna with RF-switches on a flexible substrate for X-band applications

This paper presents a compact reconfigurable elliptical shaped fractal patch (ESFP) antenna with elliptical shaped RF MEMS switch is used for satellite applications at X-band. The proposed work involves the incorporation of RF MEMS switches loaded using parasitic elements with ease of simpler implementation without using DC bias lines. The proposed antenna is integrated with two MEMS switches and reconfigurability is obtained for varying the capacitance of the switch by actuating the switch to ON and OFF states. The elliptical shape is considered for the proposed microstrip patch antenna is to attain large flexibility in the design and attain good return loss, radiation patterns, gain and bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed antenna is designed on flexible polyamide substrate and resonating frequency is obtained at 9.07 GHz frequency with − 43 dB return loss with gain of 6.05 dB. When the proposed switch is integrated on to the elliptical patch fractal antenna it resonates at four different operating frequencies. Among all the four states the state-4 resonates at 9.02 GHz frequency with − 52.8 dB return loss with gain of 6.36 dB. The ESFP antenna has perform four operating frequencies with two RF-MEMS switches for reconfigurability applications. The simulated results are in good agreement between the measured results. A small deviation is observed between simulated and measured results.

Fractal microstrip patch antennas for dual-band and triple-band wireless applications

Abstract In this paper, the design and development of dual-band and triple-band fractal microstrip patch antennas with enhanced gain are presented. The structure is based on the Sierpinski carpet fractal, where the multiband functionality is achieved by applying the fractal iteration technique. The fractal antenna characteristics along with analysis of the reflection coefficient and the radiation patterns for each iteration are presented. The dual-band fractal microstrip patch antenna (DBFMPA) is operating at 4.9 and 5.3 GHz and the triple-band fractal microstrip patch antenna (TBFMPA) is operating at 2.4, 5.3, and 5.9 GHz. The defected ground structure (DGS) and a reflector plane is utilized for enhancing the gain of the antenna. Design and optimization of the DBFMPA and TBFMPA are done using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Suite. The presented DBFMPA and TBFMPA are suitable for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) wireless applications.

A Hybrid Approach on Metamaterial-Loaded Fractal Antenna Design

The paper provides the interoperable hybrid Grasshopper–Grey Wolf optimization (GHGWO) of the Square Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell. This paper discusses the complex phase strategies of the electric and magnetic interplay of the charged microstrip line of the split ring resonator (SRR). Optimized unit of metamaterial cells for their bandwidth enhancement is packed into a new square fractal antenna. In the interim period of dual band efficiency, a new design is introduced for a microstrip line-feeding square fractal antenna with a faulty ground composition. In the second stage, a quasi-static SRR model is being used to streamline its structural parameters in an effort to reinforce the bandwidth so that optimized composition resonates at the required intensity area. In the GHGWO hybrid algorithm, SRR unit cell size limitations should be optimized and the convergence actions of the algorithm improved. Certain evolutions termed modified hybrid BF-PSO classical BFO, chaos PSO and IWO are being tested for efficiency of the Hybrid GHGWO algorithm. In the final stage, optimized SRR unit cells are stacked into a square fractal antenna that provides bandwidth output suited to wireless usages with upper and lower band. The prototype square fractal antenna without and with SRR unit cells is efficiently evaluated by trial results.

A Second-Iteration Square Koch Fractal Slot Antenna for UHF Downlink Telemetry Applications in CubeSat Small Satellites

This article presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a square Koch fractal slot antenna for UHF band using both the FR4-G10 and Cuclad 250 substrates. Conveniently, this 56.56 cm full-length antenna possesses a geometry that allows it to be incorporated into the standardized 10 cm × 10 cm faces of the CubeSats. Furthermore, it is shown that both selected substrates exhibit an acceptable performance at the frequency of interest despite the economic cost difference and relative permittivity. Hence, the commercial FR4-G10 antenna substrate can be preferred because of its low-cost and admissible performance at 458 MHz, which is a frequency in the UHF band that is commonly used for telemetry, tracking, and command downlinks of CubeSats. Measurements show that the proposed antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of −16.53 dB, a bandwidth of 22.62 MHz at −10 dB, a VSWR of 1.3508, a normalized impedance of 0.794 − j0.173 at 50 Ω, and a directivity of 2.24 dBi. The contribution of this work consists in the use of a fractal geometry to construct a low-cost slot antenna working at UHF frequencies over the limited area of the CubeSat faces and in order to optimize the area for an eventual coexistence with solar cells.

Design and Optimization of Micro-Machined Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna Using Ant Lion Optimization

This study investigates the optimized Sierpinski carpet fractal patch antenna and also explores the possibility of the integration of the proposed design with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The optimization process has been performed using an ant lion optimization algorithm to achieve the required operating frequency and impedance matching. Further, due to surface waves excitation in the high index substrates used for the antenna design, the performance of the antenna degrades. Therefore, a process of micro-machining has been adopted to overcome this limitation. The micro-machining process creates an air cavity underneath the patch which further creates the low index environment in the patch antenna causing drastic improvement in the performance parameters along with the compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The design shows multiple resonance frequencies in X-band and Ku-band. The proposed micro-machined design shows the resonance at 7.9 GHz, 9.6 GHz, 13.6 GHz, and 19 GHz with a maximum gain of 6 dBi.

Design of Flexible Fractal Antenna by Sierpinski Carpet for Satellite Communication

Design of Flexible Fractal Antenna by Sierpinski Carpet for Satellite Communication

English

English

ANN and IFS based wearable hybrid fractal antenna with DGS for S, C and X band application

This paper presents the design and analysis of Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna (WHFA) with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Iterative Function System (IFS). The proposed antenna is useful for ISM band (Industrial Scientific and Medical), Bluetooth, Satellite communication, and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) applications. The dimensions of the defected ground plane varied to use optimization techniques for achieving the desired gain, bandwidth at the resonant frequency of the antenna. The comparison of the outcomes of two algorithms Feeds Forward Back Propagation Network (FFBPN) and ELMAN Back Propagation Network (EBPN) with the desired outcomes is done in terms of mean square error. The WHFA with Koch-Meander slot gives the 178 MHz, 4.75 MHz, and 334 MHz bandwidth, gain 8.61 dB, 3.92 dB, and 5.38 dB at resonant frequencies 2.53 GHz, 4.9 and 7.6 GHz respectively. The prototype of the proposed antenna made on a jean substrate with relative permittivity 1.7, height 1 mm, and loss tangent is 0.025. Simulated ANN and measured results are compared and found in agreement with each other.

Fractal Antenna Based on Split Ring Resonators with Defected Ground Structure

In this paper presents the design of a circular microstrip fractal antenna (CMFA) loaded with parasitic edge-coupled (EC) split ring resonators (SRR) and defected ground structure (DGS). The basic resonant structure is a circular patch antenna designed at 3.2 GHz on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity 4.4, and 1.6 mm thickness. One iteration of circular patch and slots is employed to form it fractal and so as to attain multiband performance, the antenna is inset fed by a 50? microstrip line. Further the work is extended to demonstrate the effect of placing split ring resonator to particular position of substrate, improves the impedance matching leading to improved bandwidth. In addition L shaped defected ground structures are used to improve the antenna performance. . A comparison between fractal antenna with and without SRRs and DGS is made and the results verifies that a better gain improvement and return loss. The dimensions of the antenna are 45 mm x 45 mm and it can be used for ultra wide band (UWB) applications.

Complementary Sierpinski Knopp fractal antenna for emergency management system

AbstractIn this paper, the design and analysis of a complementary Sierpinski Knopp fractal antenna are presented. It is realized by applying the Sierpinski Knopp space-filling curve on the basic square monopole antenna. The performance metrics of the antenna such as S11 (reflection coefficient), voltage standing wave ratio, radiation pattern, gain and current distribution at resonant frequencies are analyzed by using ANSYS Electronic Desktop software package. FR4 dielectric material is used as a substrate in which the radiating element of an antenna is printed. Vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber are used for measuring the fabricated antenna in order to validate the simulated data. The proposed antenna resonates at three frequencies that are 2.08, 4.93, and 6.46 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −20.5, −23.1, and −24.3 dB, respectively. The suggested antenna covers the frequency bands for mobile satellite service, Public Protection and Disaster Relief communication devoted to the emergency management system and INSAT C band applications.

Design of Sierpinski Knopp Inspired Fractal Antenna for Public Safety Applications

This article presents a design of compact Sierpinski Knopp Fractal (SKF) antenna for public safety applications. The proposed antenna consists of Sierpinski Knopp space-filling curve inspired radiating element, partial ground plane, and microstrip feed. The physical dimension of the antenna is 35 × 35 × 1.6 mm3 (0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.03λ at the operating frequency of 4979 MHz). The proposed antenna has been manufactured and examined by using the Agilent Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) under anechoic chamber. The experimental results reveal that the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of − 17.5 dB at 4979 MHz with an impedance bandwidth of 180 MHz. The measured results of the designed SKF antenna are offered good accord with that of simulated results. It is suitable for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communication.

Design of the Ladder Multi-slot Fractal Split Growth Array Antenna

According to the performance requirements of the ultra-wideband multi-band compatible antennas for microwave band multi-network integration systems, the present paper originally combines the structure of ladder multi-slot, “Embedded” slot fractal iteration and the split growth array, designs a ladder multi-slot fractal split growth array antenna. The result of test indicates that this antenna can completely cover all working frequency bands of the mobile communication system, the frequency bands of the radio frequency identification system, the frequency band of the ultra-wideband system and the frequency band of the mobile digital TV system. With the advantages of small size, high radiation intensity and stable radiation characteristics, it can be applied to large-scale applications in the multi-network system of microwave frequency band.

Different Fractal Antenna Structure A nalysis using A NN

In this paper various geometrical shapes, derived from fractal mathematics have been simulated for obtaining its multiband or wideband features. Design of fractal antennas involves a lot of calculations. In order to ease the calculation, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is implemented. The results obtained from ANN are in accordance with the measured results.

Design, Simulation and Analysis of Fractal Antenna

This paper present the design and simulation of the Monopole antenna and Koch Monopole antenna at 5.8 GHz. The simulation was carried out using HFSS. The design procedure for Koch fractal is elaborated in this paper. Koch monopole has showed multi-band behavior which operates on three bands. Size of the antenna is reduced to 24% with respect to Monopole. Such antennas can be used for wireless application where multiband behavior is required.