Green chemistry has emerged as a central framework for addressing the environmental and health challenges associated with conventional chemical practices in the pharmaceutical industry. Rather than relying on post-production waste management and remediation, green chemistry emphasizes the design of chemical products and processes that inherently reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. This preventive approach has gained increasing relevance in the context of resource depletion, pollution, and increasing regulatory scrutiny. This article examines various aspects of green chemistry, including its conceptual foundations, guiding principles, technological strategies, and practical applications across industrial sectors. Particular attention is paid to green synthesis, catalysis, solvent selection, renewable feedstocks, and the integration of sustainability into industrial chemistry. This discussion also considers the environmental and societal implications of adopting green chemistry practices, as well as the technical and economic challenges that continue to limit widespread implementation. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives with applied examples, this article highlights green chemistry as a pragmatic and evolving discipline rather than a purely idealistic concept. The analysis suggests that continued research, policy support, and education are essential for embedding green chemistry as a standard approach in chemical science and industry, thereby contributing to long-term environmental sustainability and responsible technological development.

Sustainable and green chemistry, in very simple terms, is just another way of thinking about how chemistry and chemical engineering can be done. Over these years, various principles have been proposed that can be applied when considering the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes.These principles enable scientists and engineers to protect and benefit the economy, people, and the planet by discovering creative and innovative ways to reduce waste, conserve energy, and find alternatives to harmful substances.

Practical sustainable laboratory medicine.

The increasing generation of waste and depletion of natural resources have necessitated the development of sustainable waste management strategies. Green chemistry, which focuses on minimizing environmental impact through the design of chemical processes and products, offers innovative solutions for waste management and resource recovery. This research paper explores the principles of green chemistry and their application in sustainable waste management, including waste minimization, recycling, and the recovery of valuable resources. The study highlights case studies of green chemistry-based technologies, such as biodegradable materials, catalytic conversion, and solvent-free processes, and evaluates their environmental and economic benefits. The findings underscore the potential of green chemistry to transform waste management practices and contribute to a circular economy.

Teaching chemical product design

Green chemistry is an approach to the design , manufacture and use of chemical products to internationally reduce or eliminate chemical hazards . it focuses on the reduction, recycling/ eliminations of the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals in production processes by finding creative , alternative routes for making the desired products that manimize the impact on the environment sustainable economic growth requires safe, sustainable resources for industrial production . This article describes an introductory account of the basic tanets on which the concept of the green chemistry is based . Green chemistry which is the latest and one of the most researched topic now days has been in demand since 1990's . Majority of research in green chemistry aims to reduce the energy consumption required for the production of desired products whether it may be any drug , dyes and other chemical compound. It aims to reduce or even eliminates the production of any harmful bio-product and maximizing the desired products without compromising with the environment . The goal of green chemistry (GC) is the design (or redesign) of product and manufacturing processes to reduce their impact on human health and the environment. Fundamental to the GC concept is the idea of sustainability _ reducing environment impacts and conserving natural resources for future Green generation . Although many of the principales of green chemistry are not new , the extend to which they have been organized into a coherent approach and the degree to which they are being applied have resulted in an intensified attention on this topic among the academic , industrial , and regulatory communities. The use of toxic, poisonous, hazardous and bio-accumalative chemical substance is reduced or eliminated in green chemistry , which involves the design of chemical processes and product. It is a fresh take on scientifically based environmental protection and in essential to preventing climate change , acid rain , and global warming . It's basic tenet increases efficacy , selectivity , and minimises waste creation , making it a crucial instrument in the fight against pollution

Green chemistry is defined as “the design of chemical products and methods that eliminate or remove the practice and generation of unsafe and hazardous materials”. It is also called Sustainable Chemistry. The exponential growth of the population has emerged in the drastic debilitation of non-renewable fossil resources and an enormous rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide which led to severe energy and environmental crisis. Consequently, it is highly urgent to develop renewable energy to meet the sustainable development of society. Many Chemical Industries mainly pharmaceuticals encounter critical environmental issues for many years. Most of the chemical products have good applications but these compounds produce hazardous waste that is not eco-friendly. Moreover, keeping natural resources on earth without using harmful materials is the prime goal of green chemistry. Also, it was found that it is critical to develop substitute technologies that are safer for both human health and the environment. Furthermore, through various methods of green chemistry environment can be preserved. Nearly most of them are biocatalysis, usage of alternate repeatable raw materials (biomass), diverse reaction solvents (such as water, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids) alternative reaction circumstances likewise Electron beam irradiation method, new photocatalytic reactions, microwave irradiation, radiolysis, ultrasound irradiation etc. With the introduction of 12 principles of green chemistry, guidelines were provided by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) for chemists to develop clean environment-friendly methodologies that are sustainable for the long term. These principles incorporate: Less hazardous chemical synthesis, atom economy, prevention, designing safer chemicals, design for energy efficiency, safer solvents, reduced derivatives, use of renewable feedstock, catalysis, design for degradation, inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention, and real-time analysis for population prevention.

Green chemistry can also be referred to as sustainable chemistry and it is the design of chemical products and processes aimed at less or less the use of hazardous substances. It's about lessening the destructive consequences on the environment and the earth's sustainability (Wale et al., 2023; Mane et al., 2023). This accommodates many principles that outline how to design safer chemical reactions as well as technology and the use of green chemicals (De, 2023; Rathi et al., 2023). Such principles include the elimination or reduction of generation, using renewable raw materials, and the production of safer substances and materials to decrease harm to human health and the environment, according to Nithya and Sathish (2023). Thus, green chemistry's goal is to bring radical changes in industries researching for effective and eco-friendly strategies for the synthesis of materials, including nanomaterials, through employing cost-efficiency and biocompatibility with the help of earth's resources (De, 2023).

Subcellular effects of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with varying anions on the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis

Green chemistry represents a transformative paradigm in laboratory practice, fundamentally shifting the focus from end-of-pipe waste management and hazard control to the proactive design of chemical processes and products that minimize environmental impact and enhance safety from the outset. By adhering to the foundational Twelve Principles, laboratories implement strategies such as substituting hazardous solvents with benign alternatives like water or supercritical CO₂, employing catalytic reagents to reduce waste, and designing reactions with high atom economy to maximize resource efficiency. This approach directly mitigates the generation of toxic and persistent waste streams, thereby lowering disposal costs and environmental burden, while concurrently reducing occupational exposure to dangerous substances, minimizing risks of fires, explosions, and chronic health effects. The integration of microscale techniques, energy-efficient equipment, and real-time analysis further embodies this commitment, fostering a culture of sustainability that aligns scientific innovation with ecological responsibility and the well-being of laboratory personnel.

Synthesis of 2,3,5- Triphenyl imidazole is carried out by conventional method/ traditional method as well as green chemistry in the present study. Green chemistry is also known as micro-wave assisted synthesis. Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and process that eliminates the use and generation of hazardous substances. Using green solvent, like water, synthesis of biologically active moiety with high percentage yield as well as purity. The Percentage yield of 2,3,5- Triphenyl imidazole obtained by Green Chemistry Approach is 90.90% whereas Conventional/Traditional method produces only 69.60% of 2,3,5- Triphenyl imidazole constant concentration of all organic reagents. Hence, we concluded that green chemistry approach is environment friendly.

Abstract The design of chemical processes and products with a low use of hazardous substances is known as “green chemistry.” The method of producing nanoparticles (NPs) significantly affects their size and characteristics. Currently, there are two primary methods utilized for synthesizing NPs, known as the bottom-up and top-down approaches. To keep the prices of nanotechnology-based products, the green method employs plant metabolites as reducing agents. Two types of magnetite NPs (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) were synthetized and characterized being denominated NPs1 synthetized by the co-precipitation method and NPs2 synthetized using the green synthesis process. It was found that the Fe 3 O 4 NPs1 has a quasi-spherical morphology with a size of 43 nm, while the Fe 3 O 4 NPs2 has a size of 6 nm.

Chemical space deconstruction-based dynamic model ensemble architecture for molecular property prediction

Biodegradable and 3D printable lysine functionalized polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

After the appearance of the green chemistry concept, which was introduced in the chemistry vocabulary in the early 1990s, its main statements have been continuously developed and modified. Currently, there are 10–12 cornerstones that should form the basis for an ideal chemical process. This review analyzes the accumulated experience and achievements towards the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. The review presents the views of leading Russian scientists specializing in various fields of this subject, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, fine and basic organic synthesis, electrochemistry, polymer chemistry, chemistry based on bio-renewable feedstocks and chemistry of energetic compounds and materials. A new approach to the quantitative evaluation of the environmental friendliness of processes developed by Russian authors is described. <br> The bibliography includes 1761.

The use of toxic, poisonous, hazardous, and bio-accumulative chemical substances is reduced or eliminated in green chemistry, which involves the design of chemical processes and products. It is a fresh take on scientifically based environmental protection and is essential to preventing climate change, acid rain, and global warming. Its basic tenet increases efficacy, selectivity, and minimises waste creation, making it a crucial instrument in the fight against pollution. Keywords: Introduction, Definition, History, Principle, Industrial Interest, In Education, Advantages, Disadvantages, Conclusion.

In this study, we synthesized azepinodiazepine derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of isatins, activated acetylenic compounds, alkyl bromides, methyl aziridine and ammonium acetate in the presence of Fe3O4/ZnO@MWCNT as a high-performance catalyst and teiethyl amine in water at room temperature. The Fe3O4/ZnO@MWCNT synthesizes using Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract as a green media and moderate base. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Fe3O4/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within a few seconds. Investigation of the antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose of this research. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds was proved by employing the disk diffusion test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also, to better understanding reaction mechanism density functional theory (DFT) based quantum chemical methods have been applied. This procedure has some benefits such as short reaction time, products with excellent yields, simple catalyst and product separation. Highlights Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction. The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent. Some representatives of this class of azaheterocycles are known as antiviral agents, glycosidase inhibitors, anticancer agents or antidiabetics. Therefore, in view of their medicinal relevance, an increasing number of synthetic methods have been described in recent years for the construction of highly substituted azepine derivatives.

Green chemistry and engineering are potential alternatives for achieving higher sustainability and lower generation of hazardous compounds in chemical product design, production, and use. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are characterized as green solvents and have become increasingly attractive due to their characteristic design solvents. In this work, two DES (choline chloride (ChCl)/glycerol and ChCl/Urea), aqueous solutions of the DES-forming components, and green tea extracts obtained with DES were used as anti-ageing active in cosmetic products using in vitro tests to inhibit extracellular matrix metalloproteases (such as collagenase and elastase). Finally, the stability of the formulations with DES as a cosmetic active was also evaluated. The results showed that DES based on ChCl/Urea and ChCl/glycerol exhibited remarkable inhibition values of collagenase (91.1 and 92.7%, respectively) and elastase (49.8 and 45.7%, respectively). However, pure urea displayed better inhibition values (66%) for elastase, possibly due to its direct contribution to intramolecular hydrogen bonds. ChCl/glycerol showed remarkable stability in the average cube diameter values, which may indicate no change in the conformation of the micellar structure of the cosmetic formulation. Moreover, the formulation containing this DES remained stable at room temperature. Given the remarkable results, DES can be applied in cosmetic products for anti-ageing purposes.

<b>PHOSAGRO / UNESCO / IUPAC Partnership In Green Chemistry for Life</b>

In this study, we synthesized azepinooxazepine derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of aniline, diethyl carbonate, alkyl bromides, activated acetylenic compounds, methyl aziridine and Fe3O4/ZnO@MWCNT as a high performance catalyst and teiethyl amine in water at room temperature. The catalytic activity of the green synthesized Fe3O4/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within few seconds. Investigation of antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of DPPH and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose in this research. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds proved by employing the disk diffusion test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also, density functional theory (DFT) based quantum chemical methods have been applied for better understanding reaction mechanism. Highlights Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction. The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent. Some representatives of this class of azaheterocycles are known as antiviral agents, glycosidase inhibitors, anticancer agents or antidiabetics. Therefore, in view of their medicinal relevance, an increasing number of synthetic methods have been described in recent years for the construction of highly substituted azepine derivatives.