Abstract A growing body of scholarship examines whether Husserl’s account of perception should be read as disjunctivist or conjunctivist. Focusing on the Logical Investigations , this paper defends a conciliatory interpretation: Husserl’s view incorporates elements of both. At the level of descriptive psychology, perceptual acts are individuated by their intentional essence—quality and matter—supporting conjunctivism. Yet Husserlian epistemology, centered on the notion of fulfillment, requires object-dependent intuitive contents for perceptual knowledge, which marks an essential difference between veridical and non-veridical cases, thereby aligning with disjunctivism. Drawing on recent work in the philosophy of perception, I resolve this tension by distinguishing between coarse-grained content relevant to psychological description and explanation and fine-grained representational content, which incorporates context-bound elements relevant for perceptual knowledge. I argue that this strategy not only proves useful in the contemporary context, but also finds support within Husserl’s own approach to perception and perceptual knowledge in the Logical Investigations .

This paper takes Jane Austen's classic novel Pride and Prejudice and its 2005 film adaptation as research objects to explore the reciprocity between literature and film in the portrayal of female characters. Using Genette's narrative theory to analyze how narrative clues in the novel utilize the shift of narrative perspective to highlight the fate and growth of different female characters, the study finds that the novel profoundly reveals Elizabeth's self-awareness awakening and subjectivity establishment process through Elizabeth's internal focalization narrative. Employing film semiotics theory to interpret the female charm constructed through visual symbols (such as costumes, body language, and camera language) in the film, the study points out that the film relies on Keira Knightley's performance and a series of shots to strengthen the intuition and body narrative of Elizabeth's emotional changes. Furthermore, comparing and contrasting the two, it is found that the novel uses psychological descriptions to show the inner growth of the characters, while the film relies on visual symbols and body language to convey emotions and identity transformation. This study reveals the similarities and differences between the two media in expressing the growth path and gender awareness of female characters, and provides a new perspective for understanding the reproduction mechanism of classic literary works in different media.

Response to Lars-Gunnar Lundh’s Review of Descriptive Psychology and the Person Concept.

Neuropsychological research should not be limited to the “loss” of a certain mental func¬tion, but should, if possible, show what neurodynamic disorders underlie the existing mental dysfunction. Neuropsychological experience should make it possible to determine the pathological weakness of nervous processes within one or more analyzers, to identify disturbances in the synthetic activity of the cerebral cor¬tex, internal defects and impulsivity, and pathological inertia of nervous processes. This usually causes be¬havioral problems. All this helps to go beyond the psychological description of the defect and take a step to¬wards the analysis of the main pathophysiological disorders that cause changes in mental activity. By ful¬filling this requirement, it is possible to clarify the local diagnosis of injury and, undoubtedly, in the future, to deepen the pathophysiological features of a larger number of disorders.

The article explores Blaustein’s phenomenology of media formulated in the 1930s as an output of his research in the field of descriptive psychology. The article discusses the historical background of Blaustein’s research in light of a growing interest in cinema and radio in the 1920s and 1930s. Furthermore, this study addresses the question of Blaustein’s understanding of the method of phenomenology which was, for him, a form of descriptive psychology. This method serves to explore first-person experiences in which the correlated objects manifest themselves. The study analyzes the main points of Blaustein’s account of the cinemagoer’s experience by exploring his account of phantoms and the question of emotions. Finally, Blaustein’s account of listening to the radio is presented. One of the central topics discussed here is his idea of ‘acousion’ as a form of perceiving acoustic space, and as an act which generates the relevant world (of a certain radio drama).

Objective: The aim of the current article is to describe the consumer experience at the traditional São João Festival, in Campina Grande, Paraíba State. Method: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was adopted as method, in association with theoretical elements available at the Consumer Experience literature. Results: Description highlighted four experiences as narratives comprising consumers’ reactions to the event: “Meeting an old friend again”, which is focused on affection to tradition; “Time to celebrate”, which is based on the existing bohemia; “A northeastern feeling”, which is centered on local culture affirmation; and “It is no longer done like it was before…”, which expresses the critical tone facing traditions’ mutation. Contributions: The current study provides a sophisticated understanding about this experience, based on the Consumer Experience literature and on IPA application. Relevance: Innovative practical impact on both the involved public and private organizations. Socio-historical relevance as record of cultural manifestation featured by great popular engagement. Approach adopted to produce unique psychological descriptions about how people enjoy this festival. It was possible to understand nostalgic, pleasurable and identity-forming mechanisms shaping the experience with the event, among others. Social or managerial implications: Results make consumer experience innovation insights possible and are also a register of a high cultural-relevance event.

Morbid description has long held unique symbolic meanings in the history of Chinese literature. Yu Dafu and Shi Zhecun, two distinguished writers of modern Chinese literature, have drawn significant attention with their distinctive approaches to depicting Morbid. This article aims to delve into the differences in the depiction of Morbid between these two authors, through which we can discover the fact that there are distinct differences in the psychological analysis characteristics, and the focus of sexual-related descriptions. Yu Dafu presents psychological Morbid in a direct and intense way, while Shi Zhecun prefers delicate psychological description and complex character relationships, in order to reflect the multifaceted nature of humanity. All in all, their depiction of Morbid both have profound social and historical values, pushing forward the innovation of Chinese literature and the development of psychological analysis novels, enriching the expressive power and aesthetic dimensions of literature, which provides readers with a more diverse reading experience.

Abstract Values, and a critique of values, are at the center of Nietzsche's philosophical work. He famously proposes to launch a “revaluation” of values. But this raises a number of philosophical questions about the nature of values for Nietzsche, and how he proposes to critique them. I will begin by tracing Nietzsche's descriptive psychology of valuing. Then I will look to Nietzsche's sociology of values: what is it for a framework of values to be ascendant at a given time and place? We will next turn to the mode of value critique that Nietzsche employs. Then we take up the question of whether there is an overarching value for Nietzsche (such as power or life, for example). Finally, I will turn to the question of whether such values might have genuine normative authority. In other words, is Nietzsche's evaluative schema simply his preferred outlook? Or does it have a more secure claim on the attention of others?

The aim of the study was to explore the psychological characteristics of the individuals with various suicide risks using computerized text analysis, in the hopes of a better understanding of suicide trajectories. 627 first-time callers' records were randomly selected from Taiwan An-Shin Hotline database between 2013 and 2018. The voice records were evaluated by two psychologists to determine the levels of suicide risk (156 with uncertainty of risk, 177 with low suicidal ideation, 157 with high suicidal ideation, and 137 with suicide preparation/attempt) and transcribed into text. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program combined with Chinese dictionary were then used to calculate the frequency of word categories. Exploratory factor analysis identified four mindsets of language characteristics, named "opposition and questioning", "active engagement", "negative rumination", and "focus on death". Psychological descriptions of the mindsets were also obtained through correlation analysis with the LIWC2015 categories and indicators. The four mindsets effectively distinguished the callers with different levels of suicide risk. The psychological characteristics of people with various suicide risks can be described and differentiated via the closed-word categories and composite indicators. These results provide useful information for practitioners and researchers.

The objective:a study of psychological features of women is with the combined forms of infertility.Materials and methods. By us 156 women were inspected, sufferings infertility, that appealed to the clinic of assisted technologies in treatment of infertility. All patients were inspected and on the basis of abnormal clinical-and-psychopathological an inspection on the criteria of International classification of diseases of a 10 revision was found out that a 81 woman suffered bordeline psychical disorders. A control group was made by 52 fertile mentally healthy women. In a group researches entered a 81 woman with bordeline psychical disorders which appealed for the contacted of assisted reproductive technologies with the second infertility. To all patients it was conducted complete clinical-and-laboratory inspection on a chart, accepted in the clinic of assisted technologies in treatment of infertility. For the estimation of psychological status of patients studied the followings indexes: Lazarus and Folishan test; index of vital style; a Leongard questionnaire and Beсk depression inventory.Results. More frequent all the women of the investigated group remembered a surprise, concern, anger, loneliness, offense, depression, inadequate conduct at the estimation of feelings, when first ran into a question about absence of offensive of pregnancy. Question which belongs more frequent all: «Why I?», «Why with me so did it happen?». Counted the more than half of women, that pregnancy all the same would come independently, and did not apply for treatment many years. From it spoke to the doctor in age more senior 35 years 37,0% women of the investigated group. Adequate position in relation to treatment modern methods registered in the group of patients 25–30 years in 12,0% patients. A tendency is traced, that in the investigated group the more than half of patients freely discusses the problems of infertility with a partner, practically all feel support of partner, half mark mutual relations warm, satisfaction in sexual contacts in the more than half of all women. A cross-correlation analysis was rotined by positive influence of positive relation in families and offensives of pregnancy.Conclusions. Combination of a few factors assists development of bordeline psychical disorders, such as a non-adaptive conduct, which was instrumental in strengthening of internal tensiondisfunction of the vegetative nervous system, that appeared in vegetative violations. Protracted internal tension resulted in development of high level of alarm, extrass of corticosteroids in future to the immunodeficient state, that was instrumental in intensifying of chronic somatic illness. Coping strategy «escape in illness» resulted in development of psychosomatic diseases the primary objective of which was avoidance of treatment. The got results must be taken into account at development of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures.Keywords: infertility, combined forms, psychological status.

Character shaping and theatrical costume design complement each other in theatrical performance. Character shaping requires consideration of the character's background, personality traits, and goals, and showcases the character's characteristics through techniques such as dialogue, body language, and psychological description. Dramatic costume design should reflect the personality of the characters, conform to the theatrical style and historical background, and reflect the development of the characters in the plot. By selecting appropriate materials, colors, and designing clothing styles, as well as cleverly matching accessories, theatrical costumes can enhance the effect of character shaping. The interaction between characters and clothing is reflected in clothing strengthening character characteristics, assisting in expressing character emotions, and creating a suitable plot atmosphere. By integrating character shaping with theatrical costume design, the connotation of characters can be better interpreted, and the overall expressive power of drama can be enhanced.

In the concluding section of the Book One of the Treatise, Hume confronts radical scepticism about the standards of correct reasoning. According to the naturalistic interpretations, Hume resolves this scepticism by appealing to some psychological facts. A common criticism of this interpretation is that the alleged naturalistic epistemic norm seems to be merely Hume’s report of his psychology, and it remains unclear why this seemingly mere psychological description can provide a principled reason to overcome his scepticism. In this paper, I will argue that Hume’s discussions of the “indirect passions” and social identity provide a constitutivist ground for the naturalistic epistemic standards in the “Conclusion”: being the object of the indirect passions constitutes what kind of person one is, and being the kind of person (philosopher in Hume’s case) gives non-optional reason to pursue certain kinds of reasoning.

In this study, I aims to examine how the author gave the setting of mystery novels to the daily life of ordinary protagonists, and how he replaced the physical tricks of conventional mystery novels with psychological tricks by analyzing “White Darkness” by Matsumoto Seicho. First, space movement in “White Darkness” is depicted in the form of travel. In the work, the protagonist is depicted enjoying the trip by visiting nine regions in person on four means of transportation to induce the reenactment of the crime. The scenery depicted emotionally from Nobuko's perspective is combined with specific figures such as "1,000m above sea level" to embody the reader's sense of reality. Second, the psychological description of the protagonist in "White Darkness" acts as a narrative trick. The artist describes the situation in which the protagonist who lost his husband feels a feeling of affection for the opposite sex for his husband's cousin from the first-person perspective of Nobuko. However, the artist changes the part where the affinity for Shunkichi is cut off to a third-person description of Shunkichi looking at Nobuko. It can be seen that the artist's attempt to melt the reader's psychological elements with a trick was inherent as the artist made the reader fall into illusion through a clever narrative trick.

In his famous book, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint’, Franz Brentano recovers intentionality as an essential foundation of empirical psychology known as descriptive psychology. For him, intentionality is the property of consciousness or mind which is the modern equivalent of the Scholastic term, intentio’ whereby it refers to or intends an object. In the enquiry on Brentano’s concept of intentionality, the notion of the intentional (or mental) inexistence of an object undoubtedly occupies the central position. The expression, ‘inexistence’ which is his translation of the medieval Scholastic term, ‘inesse’ meaning ‘being-in’ or ‘indwelling’ refers to the inherence of property in a substance, e.g., the manner in which redness resides in the red rose or knowledge resides in the knower. Here, the concept, in’ does not have spatial connotation but it expresses dependence. Thus, the intentional object can be regarded as the real object as thought by the mind but not as a special object with inexistence. He, no doubt, enriches the concept of intentionality by providing a clear-cut criterion for distinguishing thought from non-thought, mind from non-mind, the philosophical from the non-phylosophical on the basis of an intelligible distinction between the intentional and non-intentional. In a nutshell, the term intentionality in a philosophical sense indicates an act’s being directed at an object. The aim of the paper is to examine Brentano’s concept of intentionality as propounded in ‘Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint’.

The character in the novel (The Hedgehogs on a Hot Day) by the author (Falah Rahim) played an important role; it was the beating heart of the novel as it created the events and gave vitality to time and place. The author utilized all techniques well and artistically in drawing the characters, striving to make them lively and lifelike, not cartoonish figures moved at the author’s whim. The main character is the narrator (Salim Kadhim), who narrates in the first person, tilting the novel towards an autobiographical approach. As for the secondary characters, some were supportive while others opposed and struggled against the main character. The author was able to clarify the dimensions of the character in the novel through external features, psychological descriptions, as well as their thoughts, beliefs, and social backgrounds. The author presented his characters in two ways: the first is reporting, which depends on drawing the character from the outside, such as appearance and clothing; the second is revelation through what others say about a character, as well as dialogue—both the external dialogue, which is the best means of introducing the character, and the internal dialogue, through which the character reveals all their feelings and emotions, and discloses their behavior and actions in response to events in reality.

<i>Causation with a Human Face: Normative Theory and Descriptive Psychology</i>

This study investigated the correlation between variables affecting extensive reading measured through six indicators: Content, Communicative achievement, Organization, Language use, Vocabulary and Mechanics. This study also examined the correlation between variables in the reading strategy category through four indicators: Description of appearance, Psychology, Expression and Action. There were 100 participants consisting of 40 males and 60 females from the State University of Yogyakarta in this study. This correlational study identified close associations between independent and dependent variables. ANOVA and Independent T Test were also performed. The results of this study showed that Content indicator shared fairly strong correlations with Organization, Language use, Vocabulary, and mechanics. However, it did not have share significant correlation with the Communicative achievement indicator. The Communicative achievement indicator strongly correlated to Organization, Language use, Vocabulary, and mechanics. Furthermore, Organization strongly correlated with Language use and Vocabulary indicator, while Description of appearance strongly correlated with psychology, expression, and action. Psychology shared fairly strong correlation with the Expression indicator, yet it did not correlate to the Action, yet Action and Expression shared strong relationship.

Abstract In the studies of classical Chinese poetry, the comparison between Li Bai and Du Fu is an everlasting topic, yielding many qualitative interpretations, among which a widely known but disputable one is Li’s positivity versus Du’s negativity. With the development of digital means, distant reading has become possible, and the sentiment issue can be further explored in quantitative ways. This research conducts a corpus-based sentiment comparison of Li and Du with a self-constructed sentiment dictionary. The Complete Collection of Tang Poems is used as a representative of Tang poets, and sentiment comparisons are made at the levels of poems, verses, and characters, as well as key characters extracted with the log-likelihood measure. Analyses show that (1) among Tang poets, Du is more negative at all of the above textual levels, while Li is only more positive at the key character level, proving the importance of key characters in readers’ perception of sentiment; (2) Li and Du both stand out among Tang poets with a negative depiction of the dark reality and a positive expression of grand ideals; and (3) Li’s positivity is largely embodied in his depictions of color, light, and temperature, while Du’s negativity is closely related to his psychological description. To conclude, this research has not only determined the sentiment difference between Li and Du but also located its sources in texts with a novel key character-based sentiment analysis approach. Keywords:

A need is in some sense a desire to own something, and an interest is a desire to get to know it. A persons orientation to professional development is manifested primarily in interests related to cognitive activity and the development of professional skills. It is also important that personal characteristics match the type of activity that the young person is interested in under the influence of various social and cultural factors. In the process of professional education, which is an important condition for professional success in the future, in order to successfully acquire professional knowledge and skills, it is necessary to create conditions to provide the opportunity for a person to change his choice and character traits in stages. The article describes the psychological description of the problem of the manifestation of professional orientation in the system of personal needs. KEYWORDS: personality, personality orientation, needs, individual-psychological characteristics, motive, motivation, interest, ability, professional orientation, skills, social factors, cognitive processes, professional success, age characteristics, professional prognosis.

Healthcare workers (HCw) are at the forefront of treating infectious diseases. The excessive workload on Covid-19 HCw adds to the level of fatigue and psychological burden that existed before the Covid-19 pandemic. HCw knowledge of the likelihood of infection can affect their mental and physical stress levels, so they will experience common symptoms including trauma, fear, anxiety, and insomnia caused by excessive fear of infection. This study aims to summarize most research articles that discuss the description and influence of psychology on health workers throughout Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a systematic method of qualitative review (meta-synthesis). High levels of stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were found in Indonesia. The results also showed the influence of gender, education, and contact with patients on the incidence of psychological problems in health workers. Providing positive support and preparing psychiatric personnel in hospitals and/or other healthcare settings can reduce the impact of psychology on healthcare workers.