Descriptive Phenomenology Research Articles

Implementation of School Based Management to Improve Education Quality (Case Study in Special Schools)

School-based Management is the most appropriate alternative concept for the concept of granting authority to schools by making it easier to implement educational services that accommodate children with special needs. This study aims to describe school-based management including the application of school autonomy; organizing creative and fun active learning; fostering community participation, and education-al quality achievements. descriptive qualitative phenomenology with a case study design in SLB-A Negeri 3 Martapura, Banjar Regency. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that schools implemented school autonomy in implementing school regulations regarding the discipline of all school members. innovative learning is PAKEM learning that applies the strategy and role of the teacher in learning. Fostering community participation through developing school plans, establishing regulations, and solving problems. The quality of education consists of academic and non-academic achievements. The advice given to school principals is expected to maintain and further increase the involvement of teachers, parents, and the community in formulating school policies and programs.

Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia

The objective of the study was to investigate the Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia. Globalization theory by Greg Richards and the use value theory by Marx was linked with this study. A mixture of methods comprising of descriptive cross-sectional survey, phenomenology and ethnographic research designs was employed to assess the effect of commoditization of traditional cultures among the Himba people through tourism. The study employed two principal data collection techniques: questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used. Purposive sampling was used as a non-probability sampling method in the sampling of key informants such as tour-guide, local leaders and museum employees. The study took place in two sampled villages in the Opuwo rural constituency, namely, Ohunguomure Village and Okatutura ka Vinjange, which form the major cultural tourist destinations. The sample size of this study was 98. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was applied to close-ended questions, and the data were analysed in terms of frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions and interviews were analysed thematically. The study concludes that commoditization of culture is diluting culture and destroys the originality of the culture. The study recommends the need for this Ministry to have a component or department that specifically works towards the issue of commoditization of the Himba culture in the Kunene Region.

Living at the boundary between life and death: A qualitative study of how patients' lives are impacted by the implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

To examine the effect on patients' lives of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and their experiences of worry about death. A descriptive phenomenological design. Participants with implantable cardioverter defibrillators were recruited through purposive sampling with maximum variation in Antalya, Turkey. Data collection included individual semi-structured interviews conducted between September 2018 - May 2019. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed by Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology method. Twenty-six individuals with implantable cardioverter defibrillators participated in the study. Analysis of the data resulted in three themes and 10 subthemes. The first theme was the physical impact of the device on the body with the subthemes changes in physical functioning and like part of the body; the second theme was social impact in daily life and adaptation to restrictions with the subthemes necessary for life, restrictive behaviours of day-to-day life and Seeking social support and the third theme was the emotional impact of the experience of shock and worry about death with the subthemes inevitable truth, living at the boundary, every shock is like you are going to die, advancing on an uncertain path, and trust in life insurance. It was found in this study that the implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators affected patients physically, socially, and emotionally in many ways. It is thought that this study will raise the awareness of health professionals and will support a holistic approach, increasing the quality of care. Although the implantation of the cardioverter defibrillator is greatly effective in protecting against sudden cardiac death, for patients it brings with it many physical, social, and emotional problems. This study can contribute to health professionals planning individual education in coping with changes, an increase in group-based counselling to support the sharing of experience, social networks, and monitoring programs to improve care.

POLA KERJASAMA GURU DAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA KELAS VII C SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MTS PAB 1 HELVETIA

This study aims to analyze: (1) the pattern of cooperation between teachers and parents in improving students 'religious character, (2) supporting factors for teachers' efforts in improving students 'religious character, (3) inhibiting factors in improving students' religious character. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenology approach. The results of this study indicate that finding the communication patterns of teachers and parents is carried out with secondary communication patterns or two-way or reciprocal communication patterns (Two way traffic communication). Besides, this study also found two things, namely supporting factors and inhibiting factors that affect the cooperation of teachers and parents. Supporting factors consist of: 1) Awareness of the teacher's responsibility in teaching students, 2) Awareness of the responsibility of parents in giving and guiding their children to have a religious character, (3) a strong willingness of students to learn and change be better, (4) Between teachers and parents have attention and time to communicate, (5) Between teachers and parents of students get online media that is easy and comfortable to communicate, (6) A harmonious relationship between teachers, parents and pupils. While the inhibiting factors consist of (1) Lack of awareness of the teacher's responsibility (2) Lack of awareness of the responsibilities of parents in giving and guiding their children to have a religious character.

Workplace violence among Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study.

AimThe primary aim of this qualitative inquiry is to explore the experiences of Registered Nurses working in Saudi Arabia, which was a guide to answer the question, “what are the lived experiences of Registered Nurses working in a selected government hospital in Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia towards workplace violence?”BackgroundWorkplace violence is a social phenomenon that needs a widespread campaign to eradicate. Incidence from all over the world continues to grow in number, especially among Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia.MethodsDescriptive phenomenology. Purposive‐convenience sampling was used in selecting 21 Registered Nurses as participants for individual in‐depth interviews. Data were gathered over an 11 month's period from September 2017 to August 2018. We used Colaizzi's method for analysing the data. COREQ criteria were adapted in reporting the results of the study.ResultsThree themes had emerged from the experiences of the participants: “co‐workers become unjust and violent”; “socio‐cultural divergence towards healthcare workers”; and “violence from outside influences affecting the workplace.”

Fathers' lived experiences of caring for their preterm infant at the neonatal unit and in neonatal home care after the introduction of a parental support programme: A phenomenological study.

AimTo describe fathers’ lived experiences of caring for their preterm infant at the neonatal unit and in hospital‐based neonatal home care after the introduction of an individualised parental support programme.MethodSeven fathers from a larger study were included due to their rich narrative interviews about the phenomenon under study. The interviews took place after discharge from neonatal home care. The theoretical perspective was descriptive phenomenology. Giorgi’s outlines for phenomenological analysis were used. Findings The general structure of the phenomenon was described by the following four themes: The partner was constantly present in the fathers’ minds; The fathers’ were occupied by worries and concerns; The fathers felt that they were an active partner to the professionals and Getting the opportunity to take responsibility. The fathers were satisfied with the support and treatment during their infant’s hospitalisation. However, there were times when they felt excluded and not fully responsible for their infant. The fathers prioritised the mother, thus ignoring their own needs. Furthermore, they worried about their infant’s health and the alteration of their parental role. Neonatal home care was experienced as a possibility to regain control over family life.ConclusionThe general structure of fathers’ experiences highlights the importance of professionals becoming more responsive to fathers’ needs and to tailoring support to fathers by focusing on their individual experiences and needs.

Parental perspectives on promoting physical activity for their children surviving cancer: A qualitative study

ObjectivePhysical activity is vital for the healthy development of pediatric cancer survivors. We aimed to explore parental perception on the importance, the barriers to and facilitators of participating in physical activity for their children surviving cancer. MethodsA qualitative study, using a descriptive phenomenological approach, was conducted. Purposive sample of parents of pediatric cancer survivors aged 9–16 years and had completed treatment at least six months previously were participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews conducted by two trained research nurses. Data analysis followed Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenology method. ResultsTwenty-eight parents (64.3 % female) of pediatric cancer survivors were interviewed. Most parents lacked awareness and knowledge regarding the importance and benefits of physical activity in their child’s survivorship. Major barriers identified were parental concern about their child performing physical activity, time constraints and lack of recreational facilities and activity provision. Parents reported that parental support, family involvement and child’s interests and enjoyment appeared to be crucial facilitators of survivors’ physical activity. ConclusionThis study identified the barriers to and facilitators of engaging in physical activity of pediatric cancer survivors from the parental perspectives. Practical implicationsThe findings of the study is important for the development of health education to promote regular physical activity among pediatric cancer survivors.

A qualitative inquiry comparing mindfulness-based art therapy versus neutral clay tasks as a proactive mental health solution for college students

Objective College students experience unprecedented levels of stress and anxiety, impacting their desire to perform well and live a balanced life. Mindfulness-based practices along with art therapy techniques have been demonstrated to improve psychological and physiological impacts of stress and anxiety among college students. Participants: 12 undergraduate college students participated in pre and post-test interviews following their engagement in either mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) or a neutral clay task (NCT) using a 5-week online format. Methods: Descriptive phenomenology and artful inquiry were used to elicit participants’ perspectives. Results: Both MBAT and NCT elicited relaxing and calming effects, but MBAT provided more proactive and direct benefits, with participants reporting that they could identify and move through stressors. While NCT participants described their experience as fun or playful. Conclusions: These findings offer notable support for implementing online and accessible mental health strategies such as MBAT and NCT into college settings.

An Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study in an Indonesian Hospital

Patients experience first-hand quality services from nurses who are directly responsible for their welbeing. However, patient dissatisfaction with nursing services remains a problem in most developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to explore patient satisfaction with nursing care services in an Indonesian hospital. A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenology method was employed. Also, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 informants, and thematic analysis was adopted to analyze the data. The results of this study are described in the following themes and sub-themes: (1) hospital existence in public eyes: a) service commitment b) accessibility; (2) patients' background: a) religious aspect, b) cultural influence on perceiving health and sickness. Hospital management needs to enhance the quality of nursing services through sustainable education programs and continuous training. These are important to improve nurses' cognition and skills, and further to ensure patient satisfaction and hospital quality.

Lived experiences of human immunodeficiency virus and hypertension in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

BackgroundGlobally, the healthcare system is burdened with the rise in communicable diseases compounded by the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases. South Africa in particular experiences a quadruple burden of diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hypertension are amongst the burden of diseases reported.AimThis article aims to explore and describe the lived experiences of people living with HIV (PLWH) and hypertension in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.SettingThe study was conducted in the Sakhisizwe sub-district within the Chris Hani health district of the Eastern Cape.MethodsA qualitative study design using Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology underpinned this study. Purposive sampling method was used to select participants. Information was gathered using semi-structured interviews from nine participants who met the inclusion criteria. The interviews were recorded on an audiotape and conducted in isiXhosa, and these were verified through back and forward translation to English. The transcribed interviews were coded manually, and underpinned by Giorgi’s phenomenological data analysis steps.ResultsThis study yielded four themes that described the journey towards a new normal experienced by participants. These themes were (1) overcoming illness-related stigma, (2) sources of support, (3) self-love: taking ownership of the diseases and (4) creating transforming behaviours and self-care strategies.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the central theme that emerged from the lived experiences of participants with HIV and hypertension was a process of finding a new normal for their lives. This process had several enabling and inhibiting conditions that enabled participants to develop self-acceptance and find strategies to transform behaviours to better live with two chronic illnesses.

Young adults’ transition to a plant-based diet as a psychosomatic process: A psychoanalytically informed perspective

This study examined transition to a plant-based diet by young adults and the challenges and conflicts this brings. Interviews were conducted with nine young adults in Sweden and the answers were analysed guided by a psychological method from descriptive phenomenology. The results indicate that the transition to a plant-based diet is a process comprising five dimensions: 1) Exploring new ways of living based on health anxieties, 2) regulating conflicting emotions through differentiation, 3) transforming traditional models into new alternatives, 4) confirming new skills and abilities and 5) integrating experiences and emotions into a whole. These five dimensions reflect how transition to a plant-based diet is experienced physically and emotionally. The results also indicate that plant-based meals and ingredients used in the new diet are loaded with symbols and conflicting emotions. Psychoanalytically informed theory, especially object relation theory, was used in discussing what can happen to the mind during the transition. In a wider perspective, this study provides insights into how a dietary transition can bring stability to the life of young adults and help them endure and master their situation. More research is needed to assess the role of mental health in transitioning to a plant-based diet and to draw more general conclusions, an area where psychodynamic theory can provide insights.

Pediatric brain tumor survivors' lived experience of engaging in a musical training program which promoted their psychological well-being: a qualitative study.

Musical training has been found to promote psychological well-being and quality of life among pediatric brain tumor survivors. Yet, the essential elements of musical training that influence its efficacy remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the lived experience of engaging in the musical training program from the perspectives of pediatric brain tumor survivors, their parents, and interveners. We employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Twenty pediatric brain tumor survivors (aged 8-15years) who had undergone musical training in a previous trial were selected, along with their parents (13 mothers and 7 fathers) and 7 interveners, to participate in individual semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted according to Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenology method. Five main themes emerged from the interviews: overcoming difficulties encountered during the initial phase of the musical training program, improved psychological and emotional well-being, facilitation of participation in musical training program, appreciation of the benefits of joining the musical training program, and expectation of future musical training program. The musical training program improved the psychological and emotional well-being of pediatric brain tumor survivors by promoting positive mood, facilitating emotional management and expression, and enhancing self-confidence. In addition, learning in a supportive environment is crucial in facilitating survivors to overcome adversity during their learning process. This study addressed a literature gap by exploring how a musical training program promoted psychological well-being among pediatric brain tumor survivors. The study findings inform the importance of tailoring musical training program based on survivors' learning abilities and needs.

Rehabilitation psychological experience of the elderly within 6 months of initial disability: a qualitative study

Purpose To explore the rehabilitation psychological experience of the Chinese elderly within 6 months of initial disability, understand and analyse their real feelings and thoughts to help caregivers in providing support. Materials and methods We adopted the descriptive phenomenology method to purposefully select elderly with initial disability within 6 months from neurorehabilitation departments of 2 hospitals in China, who were able to cooperate with researchers to conduct interviews. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews and analysed using Colaizzi’s analysis method. Results fifteen participants with an average age of 73.7(±9.0) years and an average disability time of 3.2 (±1.5) months were interviewed. Four themes were identified: (1) the discomfort of losing the sense of self; (2) feeling trapped over unmet needs; (3) ambivalence towards rehabilitation; (4) expectations and hopelessness for the future. Traditional Chinese thoughts such as family concepts played an important role in the generation of complex emotions. Conclusion The elderly had the desire and motivation to recover and return to the families and society. However, due to personal, family and social factors, they still felt ambivalence towards rehabilitation, self-worth and life, which hindered rehabilitation. Therefore, carers should focus on the elderly’s psychological states, taking corresponding measures to satisfy their complex demands and motivate long-term recovery. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Chinese elderly with initial disability often had a strong sense of ambivalence towards self-worth, rehabilitation and life, among which the influence of the traditional Chinese family concept counts. Health care personnel should improve the positive coping ability of the elderly to promote their harmonious coexistence with disability, rebuild their personal values, develop their rehabilitation potential. Health care departments need to provide support to the elderly and their families to maximize the positive role of the family in the rehabilitation process of the elderly. In order to alleviate the discomfort of disabled elderly in rehabilitation and enhance compliance, there is a need to improve the hard environment (rehabilitation technologies, etc.) and soft environment (rehabilitation concept and service quality, etc.).

Long-term relapse prevention strategies among poly-substance users in Ghana: New insights for clinical practice

In spite of several decades of research and treatment efforts, the rate of relapse to substance abuse remains high, averaging about 75% within a 3- to 6-month duration after treatment. Recent research has focused on exploring contextually relevant relapse prevention approaches. This study explores relapse prevention strategies utilized by individuals to support their abstinence efforts four years after treatment for poly-substance use disorders in a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit in Ghana. Using a qualitative exploratory approach (descriptive phenomenology), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals previously treated for poly-substance use disorders. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically with an inductive approach. Participants employed a multitude of factors and strategies, including finding a sense of purpose and meaning in life, religious and spiritual engagements, family and social support, and self-initiated schemes to maintain long-term sobriety. Clinicians should collaborate with and thoroughly explore personal, familial, and contextual factors and strategies that support the abstinence efforts of individuals recovering from poly-substance use disorder.

The lived experience of a NICU father: A descriptive phenomenological study

The birth of an infant requiring admittance to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may produce heightened stress for parents. Despite a plethora of research examining the mothers' experiences during this time, limited research is available regarding the fathers' experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of fathers whose child was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study was built on the philosophical principles of Descriptive Phenomenology, which aims to accurately describe fathers' lived experiences. Six fathers were purposefully recruited for their emic understanding of having a child in the neonatal intensive care unit. Fathers completed audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis, using Colaizzi's method, revealed five themes: horrible storm, piece by piece, “I'm the father”, the gift of support, and little fighters. The results of this study will help health care professionals in the development of interventions that promote family-centered and developmentally supportive care.

PERAN PEMUDA DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA PARIWISATA HALAL DI DESA SETANGGOR

The process of building the image of Halal tourism is inseparable from the participation of youth in providing Halal hospitality services to tourists based on Islamic values that are believed by the wider community as their local characteristics (authenticity). This study aims to reveal the role of youth in building the image of Halal tourism in terms of the perspective of producers (suppliers) or people who present local service products according to Islamic values that are believed to be. This study uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology approach. Data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with 5 tourism activists including 2 adult groups such as; Pokdarwis Chairperson, Pokdarwis treasurer, and 3 youth groups involved in the Sekartije pokdarwis management. The results show that young people who are members of Pokdarwis Sekartije Desa Setanggor as destination managers have started to have awareness to maintain and realize the image development of Halal tourist destinations by making it easier for tourists to get Halal tourism products and service facilities in Setanggor Village, which are supported by Halal habits (Halal practice) that have become the needs of the villagers.

The Paradox of Being a Probationer: Tales of Joy and Sorrow

Probation is a form of community-based correction; once the probationers are released from jail, they face paradoxical challenges to their personal and social life. This study investigated the paradoxical facets of being a probationer during their probation period. Through purposive sampling, the study identified 17 probationers from Ozamiz City who participated in an in-depth interview and focus group discussion using researcher-made guide questions. The responses were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenology. Four central themes emerged from joy and another three from sorrow, a namely new lease on life and freedom, friendship and camaraderie with coprobationers, love, and support of family, acceptance and understanding of community and co-workers. While for the sorrow, the themes of the stigma of being a probationer, traumatization of children/family, insecurity and anxiety. The findings asserted that the attachment to their families and other support system is most important in facing hard challenges. With this, the researcher encouraged the probationers through the supervision of the probation officers to strengthen the family ties and other support systems, which will contribute to the overall process of probationers' rehabilitation and reformation.

“I am tired of the disease and eating too many medicines”: seeking adolescent’s lived experiences about chronic renal disease

Background: Chronic renal disease (CRD), results from a range of conditions that cause irreversible damage to the kidneys and is a recognised major medical problem worldwide. CRD in children and adolescent’s is an enervating condition requiring lifelong treatment in order ‘to survive’. Several researchers have criticised the research on children with CRD as most of these studies rely on standardized tools which seem to be grounded in objectivity and quantification.Methods: In this milieu, this Indian study adopts a qualitative approach underpinned by the philosophy of Husserlian phenomenology with descriptive phenomenology as a method. The primary purpose of the study was to delve into the lives of adolescents suffering from CRDs to understand their perceptions about how this challenging condition affects and changes their lives.Results: CRD is a chronic condition that confines the lives of these adolescents by demanding a major shift to more prescribed and restrictive lifestyle.Conclusions: The lives of the adolescent participants conveyed a paradoxical nature in terms of suffering; struggling to cope with the stringent lifestyle changes and yet trying to be adapting to the disease to moving forward in life.

PERCEPTION OF MILLENIAL GROUP BUSINESS CONDUCTORS ON HALAL TOURISM IMPLEMENTATION IN LOMBOK ISLAND

The tourism industry on the island of Lombok has experienced rapid development and made Halal tourism a leading sector. This study aims to examine the perceptions of tourism business actors from the millennial group in implementing the concept of Halal tourism on the island of Lombok. This study uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology approach. The data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews from Muslim tourism businesses which were determined by snowball sampling. The results show that millennial business actors in the tourism sector have good perceptions and positive attitudes towards the implementation of the Halal tourism concept on the island of Lombok. Limited knowledge and understanding regarding Halal indicators and standards is not a big obstacle to applying Halal principles because it is the culture and culture of the people of Lombok.Keywords:Halal Tourism Implementation, Perception, Muslim Millennial Groups, Lombok

Pengalaman Hidup Anak Jalanan Usia Remaja

The purpose of this study is to describe the life experiences of street children in adolescence. This research method is qualitative research using a descriptive phenomenology approach to tell street children aged adolescents' life experiences. This study resulted in 4 research themes, namely factors causing street children, family and community responses to street children, life descriptions of being street children, and the aspirations of street children. In conclusion, the life experiences of street children produce four major themes according to the research results.
 
 Keywords: Street Children, Qualitative, Life Experience, Adolescents