Descriptive Phenomenological Research Research Articles

The Saturation of Learning Online during a Pandemic

This research was motivated by many students who experienced boredom during online learning that occurred in Indonesia, including at SMP Negeri 39 Semarang. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning process during the pandemic, the obstacles and causes of students experiencing boredom in online learning in class VIII A and VIII I of SMP Negeri 39 Semarang. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological research approach. Sources of data in this study are interviews, observation and documentation. The informants in this study were 4 students as primary and 2 teachers as objects. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model. The results of this study indicate that class VIII A and VIII I SMP Negeri 39 Semarang experience online learning boredom during the pandemic due to various causal factors shown by students, one of which is the learning method that does not vary, learning is monotonous and many school assignments. Based on this, it can be suggested that the implementation of the online learning process should use varied learning methods so that students do not feel bored while studying and can arouse students' enthusiasm in participating in online learning.

Caregivers' perception of teenagers' dignity in end of life stages: A phenomenological study.

Introduction: Maintaining patient dignity in a caregiving environment is one of the most important moral responsibilities for caregivers. Nonetheless, there are vulnerable groups, specifically teenagers, who in their final stages of life are prone to their dignity being threatened. Moreover, dignity is an abstract concept and there is no studies done on teenagers' dignity in the final stages of life available in Iran.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the caregivers' experiences regarding teenagers' dignity in the final stages of life.Research design: This study is a descriptive phenomenological qualitative research project. The data was collected using deep individual and semi-structured interviews as well as taking notes. The Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze the data.Participants and research context: 22 caregivers working with teenagers in the final stages of life in a public health centers in Iran who had the criteria to enter the study were selected using a purposeful sampling method and invited to join the study from August 2018 to June 2019. The sampling continued until data saturation.Findings: The findings of the present study were presented in the form of three main themes including "private," "respecting individual identity," and "attention to teenagers' needs" and an additional eight categories.Ethical Considerations: The study's protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and all ethical principles were followed throughout the study.Discussion and conclusion: Based on the present study from the caregivers' point of view, teenagers in their final stages of life required to be cared for and taught in an environment that their privacy was maintained and their individual identity was respected as well as getting attention from the caregivers and companions. In such situations, the teenagers felt calm and their dignity was maintained; therefore, providing a cultural, professional, and organizational setting where all the components of maintaining dignity in teenagers are supported and prioritized is necessary.

Level of Acceptability to Sinugbuanong Binisaya as the Medium of Instruction in General Santos North District, General Santos City Division

This study aimed to determine the level of acceptability to Sinugbuanong Binisaya as the medium of instruction in selected elementary schools in General Santos North District, General Santos City Division School Year 2017-2018. The researcher employed descriptive phenomenology research to generate data on the level of acceptability relative to teachers’ practices, beliefs, and management using Sinugbuanong Binisaya as the medium of instruction. The respondents were 66 Grades 1 to 3 General Santos North District teachers, General Santos City Division. A Focus Group Discussion was conducted to determine issues and concerns relative to acceptability of Sinugbuanong Binisaya as the medium of instruction. Findings of the study revealed that the demographic percentage of respondents according to the number of years in teaching rarely indicate that most of the teachers teaching the MTB-MLE were used with the K to 12 curriculums in which Sinugbuanong Binisaya was used as the medium of instruction since the said curriculum was implemented for 6 years now. The acceptance of the teachers in the implementation of the language policy revealed that 100 percent of the teachers as the primary implementers of the MTB-MLE are not attained because of the transition period from the bilingual education to the mother-tongue based education as part of the k to 12 curriculum reform of the Department of Education. Some problems encountered by the teachers in implementing mother tongue - based instruction include absence of books written in mother tongue, lack of vocabulary, and multicultural/ multilingual differences affect teaching in MTB. Moreover, learners’ performance in English was affected by the implementation of the new K to 12 curriculums.

Reforming Students’ Perceptions on Inclusive Education (IE)Through DepEd Order 72 s. 2009

This study is action research on changing the perceptions of students towards Inclusive Education (IE) through the DepEd Order (DO) 72 s 2009 for there is a misconception about Inclusive Education. A qualitative research design and a descriptive phenomenological research approach were used in the study. It was conducted at the Senior High School (SHS) of Davao City National High School (DCNHS). The fifteen (15) participants are officially enrolled Grade 11 students that were selected based on pre-selected criteria through purposive selective sampling. To obtain the data, there were in-depth interviews with the participants where questions were asked and their answers were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative thematic analysis was used as a technique for interpreting the data and synthesizing it into themes to facilitate understanding of the perceptions of the participants. The results of the study showed that the students perceived Inclusive Education as the merging of strands and tracks, the mixture of multiple intelligences, the end of discrimination, and a learning environment for children with or without disabilities. To address the problem of misconception about the IE system of the school, the study recommended the DepEd Order 72 s 2009: Inclusive Education as Strategy for Increasing Participation Rate of Children as a basis for implementing the IE program. Proper orientation and dissemination of information among stakeholders should be done which includes the visions and goals, importance, benefits of the program, policies, strategies, as well as the education system reconstruction from an exclusive to an inclusive system.

The Influence of Tattoos on Health Care Experiences.

Background Tattoos are an artistic, visible reflection of an individual's personality and life. According to Goffman and subcultural identity theory, the population with tattoos wants to be different from mainstream society. Method A qualitative descriptive phenomenological research process was used. Results Twelve participants described deep personal identity connections to their large, visible tattoos. They experienced positive reactions (n = 2, 16%), no reaction/acknowledgment (n = 7, 58%), or negative reactions (n = 3, 25%) from health care providers. Conclusion Comments made by health care providers tend to be remembered regardless of the context and can contribute to health and care disparities. Participants who received negative reactions to their tattoos switched providers. Those who received no reactions could have felt insignificant. Ongoing culturally sensitive education is important. Tattoos can start meaningful conversations that allow health care providers to gain valuable insight. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(4):178-184.].

Giving an account of patients' experience: A qualitative study on the care process of hip and knee osteoarthritis.

IntroductionDespite the publication of clinical practice guidelines, the quality of the care process as experienced by patients with osteoarthritis (OA) appears suboptimal. Hence, this study investigates how patients with OA experience their disease and care process, highlighting potential elements that can enhance or spoil it, to optimise their quality of care.MethodsA qualitative study based on semi‐structured interviews. Patients with hip and knee OA in Italy were interviewed. The interview guide was created by a pool of health professionals and patients. The interviews were analysed through a theme‐based analysis following a philosophy of descriptive phenomenological research.ResultsOur analysis revealed seven main themes: (1) Experiencing a sense of uncertainty, as interviewees perceived treatment choices not to be based on medical evidence; (2) Establishing challenging relationships with the self and the other, as they did not feel understood and felt ashamed or hopeless about their condition; (3) Being stuck in one's own or the health professionals' beliefs about the disease management, as a common thought was the perception of movement as something dangerous together with a frequent prescription of passive therapies; (4) Dealing with one's own attitudes towards the disease; Understanding (5) the barriers to and (6) the facilitators of the adherence to therapeutic exercise, which revolve around the therapy cost, the time needed and the patients' willingness to change their life habits and (7) Developing an uneasy relationship with food since the diet was considered as something that “you force yourself to follow” and overeating as a way “to eat your feelings”.ConclusionThe lack of clear explanations and a negative attitude towards first‐line nonsurgical treatments (mainly physical exercise), which are considered as a way to fill the time while waiting for surgery, underlines the importance of providing patients with adequate information about OA treatments and to better explain the role of first‐line intervention in the care of OA. This will enhance patient‐centred and shared decision‐making treatments.Patient ContributionPatients with hip and knee OA participated in creating the interview and contributed with their experience of their care process.

Nurses as the leading fighters during the COVID-19 pandemic: Self-transcendence.

BackgroundThe Covid 19 pandemic has led to and continues to pose challenges for healthcare systems globally, especially in intensive care units. This research was conducted to examine the self-transcendence of the leading fighters, intensive care nurses, during the Covid 19 pandemic.MethodsThe descriptive phenomenological research method was used in the study. The research was carried out between June and December 2020 with the nurses who care for Covid 19 patients in the Covid 19 intensive care service in different provinces of Turkey. The research was completed with 25 participants. A semi-structured interview form prepared based on the Theory of Self-Transcendence (vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being) and based on the literature was used to collect data.Ethical considerationsEthical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Results: The nurses in the study were found to experience vulnerability due to “administrative loneliness,” “inability to give care,” “fear of being a source of infection,” and “loneliness of patients.”ConclusionsIt has been found that “improvement in nursing roles and skills,” “being proud for oneself and the team,” “understanding the value of life,” and “feeling like a superhero due to the responsibilities shouldered during the pandemic” support nurses’ self-transcendence, which contributes to physical and mental well-being.

Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lebanon: a phenomenological study.

Lebanon has the fastest growing older adult population in the Arab region but few social resources to address their needs. No studies have explored the experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Lebanon. Exploring the experiences of individuals living with COPD in Lebanon. Using a descriptive phenomenological research design, qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with COPD patients living in Lebanon, between May 2019 and September 2019. Fifty participants agreed to be interviewed. The majority were men (56%) and had moderate COPD (40%). Mean age was 71.5 (standard deviation 9.0) years. We found that COPD affects three dimensions of patients' lives: educational, organizational and psychosocial. The results highlight the need for multidisciplinary strategies to address the needs of people with COPD in Lebanon, including their caregivers. Strategies include patient education and the development of new methods to facilitate and promote partnership between health care professionals, COPD patients and their caregivers.

Bereavement in political conflict: Ideological meaning-making and dialogue

In this research article we explored the dialogical mechanisms of ideological meaning making in the aftermath of traumatic loss, via descriptive phenomenological qualitative research. Thirty-three individuals who lost a close family member in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were interviewed regarding the dialogues they had about their ideology in the aftermath of their loss. Analysis identified four types of dialogues that assisted in ideological meaning making: dialogue with political figures, dialogue with and through the media, dialogue with the deceased, and dialogue with radicalized bereaved individuals. Applications of our findings to the constructivist theory of bereavement are discussed.

Qualitative Analysis of Quality of Life of Frontline Health Care Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic in Lagos State

Frontline health care workers seem to be the most affected category of people during any pandemic. Therefore, the study assessed quality of life of frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Lagos State. This study adopted descriptive phenomenology research design. An interview guide was used to determine quality of life of frontline healthcare workers. The sample consisted of 14 interviewees while qualitative data collected were subjected to thematic analysis. The result of findings revealed that frontline health workers experienced fatigue, discomfort, helplessness, fear and concern for COVID-19 patients, and traumatic experiences. Findings further revealed that there was too much workload at a time because of the increased COVID-19 patient compared to the available volunteers, fear of contracting the virus, the joy of seeing their patients getting well and reuniting back with their families. It was recommended among others that the welfare of health care workers should be put as priority in Lagos State and Nigeria in general as this may discourage brain drain causing limited number of frontline healthcare workers available during outbreak of infectious disease.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TERTIARY PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN QUARANTEACHING

The inclusion of physical education in the curriculum in the new normal, and with the mandate on the adoption of flexible learning at the tertiary level caused by the Covid-19 pandemic forced physical educators to do quaranteaching or teaching in the quarantine. This study described the lived experiences of physical education (PE) teachers in quaranteaching utilizing Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological qualitative research design. A total of seven PE teachers from two universities participated in this study which achieved data saturation. Anchored to Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach and guided by different philosophies, data were analyzed and presented in two prong clustering. The results revealed that tertiary PE teachers experienced difficulties and yet learnt to innovate in terms of teaching the course, assessing, monitoring, and giving feedback to students, dealing with the internet and technology, and handling physical and cognitive situations. It is recommended that tertiary PE teachers undergo pedagogical and technological trainings and workshops especially in the utilization of different learning platforms to help them improve their pedagogy and in the innovative use of digital tools and technologies to teach PE in the new normal. digitaliness Purpose - The sudden shift from face-to-face to online learning compelled educators including physical educators to teach PE in the midst of quarantine, with no face-to-face interaction. This study described the experiences of tertiary PE teachers in teaching PE in the quarantine. Methodology - The study utilized the descriptive phenomenological qualitative research design by Edmund Husserl. The participants were seven PE teachers from two state universities in Cebu, Philippines, selected through purposive snowball sampling. Data gathered were analyzed through Colaizzi’s approach of data analysis and presented in two prong clustering. Findings - The study revealed that the experiences of tertiary PE teachers in teaching PE during quarantine can be described under two classifications. They experienced difficulties and yet learnt to innovate in terms of teaching the course, assessing, monitoring, and giving feedback to students, using the internet and technology, and handling physical and cognitive situations. Significance - The study has provided a better understanding of PE teachers by revealing their challenges, struggles, needs, strengths and weaknesses in quaranteaching. Results of the study could serve as a basis for implementing trainings, workshops and webinars related to pedagogy and technology enhanced learning to assist PE teachers in teaching in the new normal.

Called upon to serve and to care: A phenomenological study on students’ experiences in community extension services

Community service is an activity done to help selected communities in a way that will help ease the everyday living of people residing in a particular community. It is also an experience that will allow the students to enhance their own development by contributing their skills to the community. Students do not stop learning inside the four corners of the room thus, those who participated in this kind of community service projects made them become aware of social-economic realities which resulted in having a greater sense of awareness and civic responsibility. In this descriptive phenomenological research study, the researchers sought to understand how community extension service involvement shapes the students’ general collegiate experience by gathering data through their experiences. The data collated for this study consisted of 10 major activities hosted by World Citi Colleges from the year 2016–2019 in cooperation with the Community Extension Service Organization (CESO) and the participation of the different college programs. The researchers collated all the reflection essays of the students who volunteered to participate which contain their learning's and insights and these were analysed and used content analysis to synthesize the ideas to be able to formulate a theme exhibited using a framework. Based on the data collected, the researchers propose the C.A.R.E. model that emerged from experiences of the students which describes how community extension service involvement shapes the students’ general collegiate experience. The core categories are commitment to service, appreciation of life, realization of be-attitudes, and enhancement of skills.

Experiences of Nurse Managers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Selected District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

The South African health care system was hard hit by the second wave of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which affected nurse managers as healthcare facilities became overwhelmed due to an increased workload emanating from the overflow of admissions. Therefore, this study sought to explore and describe the nurse managers’ experiences during COVID-19 in order to identify gaps and lessons learnt. A descriptive phenomenological research approach was used to explore the experiences of ten nurse managers who were purposively selected from different units of a selected district hospital. Data was collected through telephonic unstructured individual interviews and analysed using Colaizzi’s seven steps method. The study revealed that nurse managers experienced human resource related challenges during COVID-19, worsened by the fact that vacant posts were frozen. It also emerged that there was a shortage of material resources that affected patient care. Nurse managers also indicated that COVID-19 brought a lot of administrative duties plus an additional duty of patient care. Also, nurse managers who had previously contracted COVID-19 experienced stigma and discrimination. The government needs to address resource related challenges in rural public hospitals and provide continuous support to nurse managers, particularly during a pandemic like COVID-19.

İLKOKULLARDAKİ MÜLTECİLERİN EĞİTİMSEL BAĞLAMLARI: İTALYA VE TÜRKİYE KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

This study aimed to investigate refugee pupils' schooling contexts, their social relationships with teachers and native peers in math, social studies, and native language courses at primary schools. The research is a combination of two parts that originated from the observations in Italy to highlight the refugees’ schooling contexts in classrooms, then followed by the part that took place in Turkey in order to make comparisons and address the bullets to learn from each other to make improvements. The data were collected within the frame of a descriptive phenomenological research design. Results were analyzed in general and in terms of the aforementioned courses and determined the refugees’ and teachers’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats known as SWOT. One of the notable results showed that respecting justice and equality, and peer support were the common strengths in Turkey and Italy. There were further results concerning focusing on the differences and familiarities between these two hotspots.

Lived Experience of Leadership Styles on Employee Job Satisfaction in Selected BPO Companies in the Philippines An Intervention of Behavioral Performance

This study was conducted in the Philippines, the world's Business Process outsourcing capital. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the lived experience of leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in selected BPO firms. This research report used a qualitative method based on descriptive phenomenology research design to analyze BPO personnel lived leadership experience, specifically front-liners and managers’ experience from Taguig City, Makati City, Pasay City, and Pasig City within Metro Manila. We used an open-ended questionnaire to collect data from respondents. Five major themes emerged: (1) strengths development, (2) Communication and Innovation (3) Trust and respect (4) Delegation and Employee empowerment (5) Reward and Correction. According to the study's premise, most BPO companies in the Philippines practiced a combined transformational leadership and transactional leadership style. To keep employees happy, managers and BPO businesses can adopt a variety of leadership styles. The most popular and researched leadership style is transformational leadership, which stresses intrinsic motivation and employee development. Transactional leadership is task-oriented and focuses on the needs of the followers. Laissez-faire managers, on the other hand, stay out of the way. Job satisfaction is a pleasant or good emotional state caused by job evaluation. Workplace happiness is unaffected by transactional leadership remedial actions. The results show that employees are satisfied when their leader develops their skills, communicates and encourages innovation, builds trust and respect for others, delegates and empowers employees while recognizing top performers, and respectfully corrects mistakes. However, a definite correlation between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction requires more investigation.

Colaizzi's Methods in Descriptive Phenomenology: Basis of A Filipino Novice Researcher

Descriptive phenomenology is a common methodology employed in social science research to investigate and describe people's lived experiences. It is both a philosophy and a scientific technique, and it has undergone several modifications as it expanded from the original European movement to encompass the American movement. This paper discussed and explained the process in applying Colaizzi’s method in descriptive phenomenological research under the field of education. This paper used a published research study, which the process of Colaizzi was utilized to give enough help in sorting, organizing, analyzing and presenting the narrative dataset. The main objective of using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenology method was to generate an exhaustive description of the phenomena addressing the challenges of student moms in the midst of pandemic. Descriptive phenomenology is particularly beneficial for correctly describing the problems of student moms, and the result may be applied as the voice of this group of students during pandemic. This can be a basis of School Institutions in crafting policies as well the National Government.

The stress of the midwife: Experiences of advanced midwives working in obstetric emergency units in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Obstetric emergencies account for the majority of causes of maternal deaths. The major causes of maternal and neonatal deaths in obstetric emergencies include bleeding, pregnancy-induced hypertension, cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, poor progress, placenta abruptio, placenta praevia and amniotic fluid embolism. These adverse labour and birth events cause emergency situations and trauma for the nursing staff involved. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological research design was used to explore and describe the lived experiences of advanced midwives regarding the management of obstetric emergencies in Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) of Gauteng Province, South Africa. An interview guide was prepared with a major question which was followed by probing questions based on the participant's responses. Semi-structured, face-to-face individual interviews were used to collect data from thirteen (13) advanced midwives who were purposively selected and had been working in the Midwife Obstetric Units for two years or more after obtaining their qualifications. The Midwife Obstetric Units were selected based on the records of their birth statistics. The seven Collaizi's procedural steps were utilised for data analysis. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness of the study were observed within the naturalistic paradigm comprising criteria of credibility; transferability; dependability; and confirmability. Three themes with sub-themes emerged from the current study, namely: psychosocial stress; advanced midwives' workload; and lack of professionalism. In conclusion, it was evident that advanced midwives experience psychosocial stress because of unconducive working environments which are not adequately resourced, and high expectations from patients and their families. Management should support advanced midwives with the necessary resources that will enable them to perform their duties effectively and minimise their levels of stress and trauma.

The Influence of Teacher-Student Relationships on Mathematics Problem-solving

Literatures revealed that the cognitive and affective components are the factors affecting problem solving. In this article we identified factors considered by the students in learning mathematical problem solving. Using a descriptive phenomenological research we identified the lived experiences of forty-five (45) students in solving a mathematics problem. Following the Colaizzi method for data analysis, four themes emerged: emotions and self- efficacy as affective factors, and group learning activity and teacher- student relationship as social factors. Sixty items from these four themes were further explored in using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for a new set of 200 students. These four-factor structures of the students experiences in mathematics problem solving explained 66% of the variance in the pattern of relationships among the items. All four-factor structures had high reliabilities (all at or above Cronbachs α > .904). The study exemplified that teacher- student interaction relationship during learning activities, which is a social factor, provides the highest correlated factor that influences the mathematical performance of the students.

UNCOVERING LEARNERS’ EXPERIENCES TO NEW NORMAL EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS OF ASYNCHRONOUS INSTRUCTION IN GE 5: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY COURSE TEACHING

<p>The new normal education policy in response to the pandemic crisis pushed institutions to shift from traditional face-to-face to asynchronous instruction that posed challenges particularly to science courses in higher education. The purpose of this study was to understand the learning experiences of the students and the implications of asynchronous teaching instruction in the Science, Technology, and Society course. This study utilized a convergent parallel mixed method of research employing descriptive-comparative and descriptive phenomenological research designs. There were 100 respondents for the quantitative part and 12 participants for the qualitative part. Based on the quantitative findings, the overall implementation of asynchronous instruction in the course was "excellent." Specifically, the level of implementation was "very satisfactory" in terms of Content and Course Evaluation, while "excellent" in terms of Instructional Design, Student Assessment, and Technology. There was no significant difference in the level of implementation of the course asynchronous instruction when analyzed by specialization. Moreover, based on the qualitative analysis, the learning experiences of students in asynchronous instruction were both positive and negative that implied two-way learning experiences. The general recommendation gleaned from the students was science, technology, and society asynchronous delivery improvement that covered teacher improvement, SIM improvement, and assessment tool improvement. The general recommendations of this study were improving asynchronous instruction delivery through teachers training proposals, modification of self-instructional materials, increasing the awareness and effective use of the varied assessment tools in sustaining the needs and interest of students in studying the course, creating a safe learning environment for the students, and conducting future researches to reveal significant factors which affect the learning experiences of students and the other points that the current researchers have not yet explored.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0893/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Nurses’ experiences of providing care to patients with COVID-19 in the ICU in Wuhan: a descriptive phenomenological research

ObjectivesThis phenomenological study aimed to examine intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19, and understand better their everyday experiences of patient’ management in the ICU.DesignA...