Descriptive Exploratory Study Research Articles

Humanização em neonatologia na perspectiva dos enfermeiros

Objective: To know the perception of nursing professionals about the applicability of the National Humanization Policy in the neonatology sector. Methods: This is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out through interviews with 20 (twenty) nurses working in neonatology environments in a maternal and child reference hospital in the North region. The analysis took place through Content Analysis, with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ software through Reinert's method. Results: Through the study, six categories were defined in line with the proposed objective: humanized practices in neonatology, humanization in the institutional and professional context, the relevance of humanization in the neonatal context, advances and obstacles of humanization in neonatology, kangaroo method as a guide for humanized care to the newborn and the policy of humanization in comprehensive care. Conclusion: It was observed that nurses perceive the changes that have occurred in care, arising from the National Humanization Policy within the neonatal environment, from the institutional to the professional context, effected through the provision of care for both the newborn and his family, in addition to creating a welcoming environment. However, it still presents its daily challenges in the routine of care.

Avaliação do Programa de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável na Atenção Primária: pesquisa de métodos mistos

Abstract This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program’s implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study.

to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.

Evaluating the Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Care: a mixed methods research.

This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program's implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Divergence between economic growth and stock market performance in India: implications for investor education and financial well-being

Amidst declining trends of Indian macroeconomic indicators during COVID-19 period, certain indicators, which can be takes as proxies of investors' behaviour, sentiments and biases, were discerned in Indian securities markets. The study provides significant insight into sentiments and biases of a particular segment of retail investors trading in uncertain times of COVID-19, whose investment behaviour may have serious impact on their financial well-being in the long-term. This exploratory-descriptive study uses data collected by various regulators and government sources in India and abroad to evaluate the behaviour of investors in the backdrop of macroeconomic trends during COVID-19. After analysing the trends of investor participation, trading behaviour and general sentiment in the Indian capital markets and evaluating the implications of these investor-related behaviours on the financial well-being of individual investors, a comprehensive and segmented approach of financial literacy has been recommended to safeguard financial well-being of investors.

Nurse prescriber's understanding of their antimicrobial stewardship role: a qualitative study.

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is an infectious disease threat to public health globally, and antimicrobial stewardship among healthcare professionals is one key way to address this potential problem. Registered nurse designated prescribers are the newest group of health professionals to gain prescribing authority in Aotearoa New Zealand, yet little is known about their understanding of their antimicrobial stewardship role. Aim The aim of this study was to explore registered nurse designated prescribers' understanding of their antimicrobial stewardship role through their prescribing practices and approaches to clinical reasoning. Methods This exploratory descriptive qualitative study used individual semi-structured interviews with six registered nurse designated prescribers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results Four themes were identified: antibiotic prescribing practices and antimicrobial resistance; clinical indicators for prescribing antibiotics, with the sub-themes of history taking, presence of infection and bacterial versus viral infection; patient education; and safety and monitoring. These themes provide insight into registered nurse designated prescribers' understanding of their antimicrobial stewardship role and prescribing of antibiotics. Discussion This research found that the registered nurse designated prescribers had an awareness of the importance of their antimicrobial stewardship role in relation to antibiotic prescribing and reducing antimicrobial resistance. Education about antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship for this professional group can be effective, but further research is needed to understand their ongoing educational needs.

Usability evaluation of the Agente Escuta application: translational research.

To evaluate the usability and satisfaction of users with the interface of the 'Agente Escuta' application, in addition to identifying problems and possibilities for improvement. Descriptive exploratory translational study, characterized by a usability test with a quantitative and qualitative approach, subdivided into three stages: (I) prior evaluation of usability by 10 judges, including students, primary care professionals, professors and researchers in Information Technology and Speech Therapy; (II) evaluation of the application by the target audience, that is, community health agents from six municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte; (III) evaluation of the satisfaction of the agents who used the application in their work routine. The System Usability Scale and the Net Promoter Score were used, in addition to a qualitative evaluation of the opinions. Usability was rated as excellent by judges, regardless of category. In the evaluation by community health agents, usability was considered good and there was no effect of the city of origin. It was found that the perception of the judges and the target audience were different, with a lower score for the participants in the second stage. However, most would give positive publicity to the product. The heuristic with the highest score was ease of memorization and participants in the third stage were interested in continuing to use the tool in practice, even after the end of the study. The Agente Escuta prototype showed good usability and satisfaction and aspects that could be improved in future solutions were identified.

Síndrome de Cri Du Chat (síndrome do miado de gato) e a inclusão escolar

This study offers reflections on the inclusion of children with Cri Du Chat Syndrome (CCS), a rare condition of genetic origin. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the inclusion of children with CCS in schools and describe the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and main symptoms of the condition, along with the main difficulties students with CCS might face; to assess the knowledge teachers have about CCS and potential teaching resources they may use. METHOD: A digital survey questionnaire was used in this qualitative exploratory descriptive study. RESULTS: Only 14.8% of the 27 teachers who responded the questionnaire had knowledge about CCS and had worked in a classroom with adapted pedagogical practices. CONCLUSION: A very small portion of teachers had knowledge about CCS and most had never been in contact with individuals with the syndrome, either in a classroom or during training. A path has to be developed for the inclusion of children with CCS, through a process based on knowledge, affection, love, and respect for differences.

O que é ser uma pessoa idosa que apresenta queixas de memória: a percepção de mulheres atendidas em um Centro de Reabilitação Física

Abstract Objective To understand what it is like to be an older person with memory complaints from the perspective of women seen at a Physical Rehabilitation Center. Method A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted involving a population of older women aged >60 years who had impaired cognitive function, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and subjective memory complaints was carried out. A questionnaire was applied to characterize the participants and an audio-recorded semi-structured interview based on a guiding question was conducted. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis. Results The age of the 19 participants ranged from 62 to 84 years, with mean of 72.37 (±6.72) years. Reading and analysis of the discourse produced in response to the guiding question revealed two categories: (1) feelings the older women experienced due to memory complaints; (2) daily life situations affected by memory complaints. Conclusion Being an older woman with memory complaints was reported as challenging, promoting changes in daily life, impacting situations that used to be routine, and requiring readjustments both for the older individual with memory impairment and those around them.

Frequency and Causes of Traumatic and Non-traumatic Spinal Injury Reported at Two Major Tertiary Care Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Introduction Spinal cord injury,due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes, is a medically challenging and life-disrupting condition. The injury disrupts neural signaling and is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment that can reduce long-term effects like paralysis or partial disability of the body. It has costly consequences both for individuals and families because it causes not only physical disability but dependency on others. The main objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of spinal injuries, their nature, and their causes. Materials and methods A descriptive exploratory study was conducted in the neurosurgery wards of two major hospitals of Peshawar, Lady Reading Hospitaland Hayatabad Medical Complex. Necessary permission was taken from the administration of both hospitals before starting data collection. The duration of the study was three months, from October to December 2014. A total of 768 patients were retrieved from the ward records for2013, from which a 50% random sample was taken (384 patients) while incomplete patient records were excluded. The data were transferred and recorded on a pre-constructed proforma covering all the required variables of the study. Finally, the data were transferred to SPSS 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago) for analysis of descriptive statistics. In addition, comparisons were done by gender, hospitals, types of injuries, and causes of injuries. The chi-square test was used to compare groups for significant differences in frequencies, keeping p ≤0.05 as significant. Results Major factors for spinal cord injury were traumatic and non-traumatic. This study revealed that out of the total patients, 35% faced trauma as a cause of spinal disorder out of which 42%, 29%, and 21% were sudden falls, road traffic accidents (RTAs), and weight lifting, respectively. While non-traumatic causes were 52% mostly due to congenital anomalies (24%), stenosis (23%), and tumor (12%). Levels most commonly involved were lumbar (42.3%) followed by patients involving multiple levels (32.52%), L5-S1 (20.87%), thoracic (2.42%), and cervical (1.92%). Conclusions The traumatic injury was the leading cause of spinal cord injury in the present study where RTAs and falls contributed the most. Congenital abnormalities and spinal cord stenosis were more frequent among non-traumatic spinal cord injuries. The surgical approach was the only way of management practiced for spinal cord injuries in both of the tertiary care hospitals.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Perceptions of Pakistani Nurses about Nursing Workforce Migration: Analysis and Policy Implications

Background: The interaction of numerous factors leads to nurse migration. The poor national nurse production rate and the high incidence of migration of Pakistani-Educated nurses are the two main causes of Pakistan's extremely low nurse-to-patient ratio. Objective: This study intends to explore the perceptions of Pakistani nurses about the migration of the nursing workforce. Methods: This qualitative descriptive exploratory study used purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with three groups of Pakistani-educated nurses: those who have migrated, those who are working professionally and have established their careers in Pakistan, and those who are student nurses pursuing nursing education in Pakistan from January to April 2019. The interviews explored the nurses' perceptions of migration as a nursing workforce. Six analytical methodologies were used to analyse the forty-one IDIs that were performed. Results: Inductive analysis of qualitative data resulted in three main themes and nine sub-themes i.e. motivation for migration, contextual transition, and adaptation to the new environment. These themes were constructed from the image of nursing, work environment, scope of nursing, quality of life, beginning again, obscured individual identity, contrasting healthcare system, capacity building, acclimatization, and settling. Conclusion: We found that Pakistani-educated nurses are highly motivated to migrate. The most frequent causes of nurses' intention to migrate were wage disparities, political upheaval in Pakistan, working circumstances, lack of opportunities for professional development, active recruitment, and personal safety. The findings can inform the policy of professional organizations and government agencies to decrease the brain drain.

A identidade da enfermagem obstétrica no centro de parto normal

Abstract Objective to understand obstetrical nursing identity in the area of its performance in a Birth Center. Method a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out between March and August 2022 with 09 nurse-midwives from the Centro de Parto Normal Haydeê Pereira Sena, Pará, Brazil. Content analysis and discussion based on Claude Dubar’s identity were used. Results two categories emerged: Professional identity: a matter of social construction, which portrays the social scope of identity construction through experiences as a student and as a nurse and their relationships in the work process; and The identity of obstetrical nursing in the field of its performance in a Birth Center, favoring humanization, scientific evidence for women’s autonomy, which is only provided by the birth center’s structuring policy, and coping with other professional classes, to guarantee and legitimize nurse-midwives’ work. Conclusion and implications for practice understanding nurses’ professional identity in the birth center is the central point to ensure their appreciation and their performance with respect, legitimizing their right, because, with a solid identity, greater quality and changes in the hegemonic obstetric model are guaranteed.

Cotidiano de pessoas que vivem com VIH em Bissau, Guiné-Bissau: perspectivas, desafios e vulnerabilidades

ABSTRACT Objective to understand perspectives and challenges in the daily lives of people after the discovery of living with HIV in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, considering different contexts of vulnerability. Method an exploratory-descriptive study conducted through semi-structured interviews with sixteen people living with HIV attending a hospital in the city of Bissau. We used the thematic content analysis technique. Participants’ reports were analyzed following two empirical categories: Discovery, impacts and challenges of living with HIV; and Experience with antiretroviral therapy: new beginning and perspectives. Results the results indicate that the challenges start with the disclosure of diagnosis, which arouses a diversity of feelings and behaviors. Stigma and discrimination encourage the adoption of confidentiality about serological status, which increases the fragility of emotional support in coping with seropositivity. Antiretroviral therapy was seen as a hope for coping with the disease. Social vulnerability was the dimension that stood out the most, and human rights violations involving people living with HIV were verified. Conclusion and implications for practice the study makes it possible to understand the perspectives, challenges and vulnerabilities of people living with HIV. Living with HIV deserves special attention from health professionals who work in the care of these people, highlighting as a contribution the relevance of comprehensive health care, in which ethics and subjectivity are present.

PERCEPÇÃO DOS ENFERMEIROS SOBRE TELECONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA

ABSTRACT Objective analyze the nurse’s perception about nursing teleconsultation in Primary Health Care through the workflows characterization, potential, challenges and teleconsultation in nursing feasibility. Method exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected, between the months of May and June 2021, with 19 nurses from four health districts of a capital in south of Brazil, using digital questionnaire. Data were systematized in Microsoft ExcelⓇ and analyzed following the criteria of the Discourse of the Collective Subject. This process was carried out with the support of the DSCsoftⓇ Program. Results the results were organized into five thematic categories: Nursing teleconsultation flow in Primary Health Care; Teleconsultation process; Instruments used during the teleconsultation; Potentialities and challenges identified during the teleconsultation in the Primary Health Care; and, Applicability: services that can be resolved through teleconsultation. Among the challenges are the inherent problems of communication and internet connectivity and the distrust of users in relation to this new consultation modality. Conclusion telecare in nursing is a recent technological innovation, with several challenges as: the possible failure in communication between the professional and the user; internet connection problems; lack of ability to travel from new tools; lack of privacy and excessive noise and distrust of users about the service provided. With the teleconsultation, there was an extension of the users' access to the health services, there was greater agility and efficiency in the services provided to the population.

Contribuições do projeto universitário intergeracional em tempos de pandemia. Uma inovação educacional

The COVID-19 situation naturalized the emergence of new teaching practices, and the use of educational technologies, in a context of transformation of the participation of seniors. The objective of the work consists in the evaluation of an intergenerational experience that occurred in the pandemic through the use of new technologies. An exploratory descriptive study was carried out using a questionnaire as an instrument, created ad hoc, with open and closed questions, with the aim of evaluating, through the opinion of 108 participants, a virtual intergenerational experience was evaluated between students of the social education degree and older people from social centers, to find out their needs, and offer a resource incorporated from the classroom. This is not just a theoretical difference. This situation is having repercussions on policies, but also on the way of attending to the educational and cultural needs of the elderly, which are clearly being diminished due to the coronavirus.

Need of the hour: Student-centered Learning in undergraduate Medical Curriculum

Background: Student-centered learning is becoming more prevalent in medical education, especially during large-group lectures. The variety and abundance of active learning techniques used in first-year MBBS large group format were investigated. Aim: To investigate the relationships between student-centered learning and the characteristics and distribution of student-centered teaching approaches in large group settings. Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study in which by means of purposive sampling 25 faculty members who were involved in teaching in large and small groups were identified, out of these 25 faculty members, 15 members were chosen for interviews by convenient sampling. Retrospective curriculum evaluations and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The authors tested a taxonomy of student-centered learning strategies and linked those strategies to the characteristics of education. Results: Over the course of six modules in the first year, teachers used 13 different strategies for active learning. 996 out of 1190 hours of large group teaching included a minimum of one active learning element. 83% of the curriculum's hours in the first year of MBBS had an active learning component. Practical implications: Many small group-learning approaches are included in active learning, and they may help undergraduate students achieve a higher level of cognitive skills through group engagement. Different kinds of small-group learning have been shown to be successful in fostering higher academic accomplishment, more positive attitudes toward learning, and enhanced persistence. Conclusions: The frequency and diversity of active learning elements incorporated into the first-year MBBS curriculum show how acquainted faculty are with these techniques and how supportive they are of interactive teaching culture. This research has stimulated discussion about instructional strategies and aided the transition from teacher-centered to learner-centered teaching. Keywords: Student-centered learning, active learning, interactive studies, critical thinking, game-based.

Utilizing Item Response Theory Approach for Calibrating Items in the Final Assessment of Islamic Cultural History Subject

Purpose –The aim of this exploratory descriptive study with a IRT approach is to evaluate the quality of items used in the final assessment of 10th grade Islamic cultural history subject at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Bantul Yogyakarta.
 Design/methods/approach–Data was collected through documentation of student responses at the end of the year assessment. Student response data were analyzed using the item response theory approach.
 Findings – Based on the analysis of 25 questions on the Islamic Cultural History subject at MAN 2 Bantul, the study concludes that the instrument fits the 1 PL model (Logistics parameter), as indicated by the results of the model fit test. The parameter analysis of item difficulty level with the 1 PL model reveals that 7 items fall under the very easy category, 5 items under the easy category, 9 items under the medium category, and 4 items under the very difficult category. Notably, none of the items fall under the difficult category in this 1 PL model.
 Research implications/limitations –The findings on the distribution of item difficulty levels could guide educators in revising and improving the quality of assessment tools, ensuring that the questions are well-balanced and challenging enough to effectively evaluate students' knowledge and skills. Moreover, the absence of items falling under the difficult category in the 1 PL model suggests a need for more rigorous and challenging items to enhance the validity and reliability of the assessment instrument.
 Originality/value–The research value of this study lies in its contribution to the development of a valid and reliable assessment tool in the field of Islamic cultural history subject.

Efek Pendidikan Kewirausahaan terhadap Sikap Wirausaha Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi : Moderasi Self Efficacy

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education with self-efficacy moderation on student entrepreneurial attitudes. This study is a descriptive exploratory study with 35 biology education students as subjects. The research instrument used was a closed questionnaire with degraded attitude answers according to the Likert scale and had been validated by experts. Analysis of the research data used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the study show that: 1) student perceptions of entrepreneurship education have an average of 3.15 in the good category, self-efficacy is 3.12 in the good category, and entrepreneurial attitude is 3.06 in the good category; 2) there is an effect of entrepreneurship education with self-efficacy moderation on student entrepreneurial attitudes with an F value of 93.109, and a significance value of 0.000 which is less than the alpha testing value of 0.05 (> 0.05); and 3) entrepreneurship education with self-efficacy moderation influences student entrepreneurial attitudes by 73.8%, and the rest is influenced by variables or other factors.

Faculty Perspective on the Challenges Faced During Implementation of Integrated Curriculum

Background: Curriculum is a dynamic thing that has evolved over the years to ensure the competency of health care professionals. Due to guidelines issued by international accrediting agencies, University College of Medicine & Dentistry implemented an integrated modular curriculum in 2015 that is coordinated and coherent. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the difficulties that the faculty faced while implementing an integrated curriculum for the undergraduate dental program (BDS) at the University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Methods: This descriptive exploratory study was conducted from September 2020 till January 2021 at University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Thirty-five faculty members were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed thematically after being transcribed. Results: Six themes emerged from the analysis of interviews. These themes were: working environment, distribution of workload, communication, faculty development and retention, evaluation and leadership. Conclusions: Integrated curriculum may be the need of the hour; however, its implementation comes with a set of challenges, which include a non-conducive working environment, uneven distribution of workload, absence of a sound faculty development and retention program, or absence of adequate resources. These factors may hinder the implementation of the integrated curriculum.

ParsBERT topic modeling of Persian scientific articles about COVID-19

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has indisputably impacted every aspect of human life, and a host of studies have investigated its different aspects. This paper models the contents of Persian literature on COVID-19. MethodThis is a descriptive-exploratory study in which 815 articles were collected from the Magiran database. The articles were published before March 2022. The abstracts and titles were used in the modeling. The modeling was performed by combining the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm with ParsBERT. FindingsTopic modeling indicated ten major topics, including medicine, psychology, humanities, politics, management, biology, economics, culture, engineering, and religion. The articles under the category of medicine had the largest cluster (42.3%), while engineering and religion had the smallest clusters (1.1% each). ConclusionThe found topics in the created clusters have structural relationships. The COVID-19 effect on physical and mental health (medical and psychological topics) is the most crucial factor. These clusters provide evidence that COVID-19 affects all facets of human society at three levels: the individual, family, and society. Aside from the ten critical clusters in the humanities field, the utmost disorder is related to teaching and learning. For the first time, this research has presented a model of scientific communication in the field of COVID-19 based on the data collected from a Persian database – Magiran.