Soil Description Research Articles

Unified state boundary surface model for clay and sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions

A unified state boundary surface that defines the upper limit of the specific volume of saturated clay and sand is first derived. It is extended to unsaturated soils by applying Bishop’s effective stress and using the effective degree of saturation as an independent state variable. Then, a critical state model for unsaturated clay and sand is formulated based on the unified state boundary surface. The model combines a rational soil–water characteristic curve incorporating packing density and hydraulic hysteresis. The model is validated by comparing the calculated results and results of extensive experiments, including one-dimensional and isotropic compression tests, triaxial shearing tests, and soaking-collapse tests under isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions on sand, clay, and mixed soil under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The proposed unified soil model presents a noble and universal framework for the rational description of broad soils’ behavior, in which the state boundary surface plays a central role. The model accurately predicts the compression, shearing, and soaking-induced collapse behaviors of various soil types in saturated and unsaturated conditions.

ЛАНДШАФТЫ ЛЕВОГО СКЛОНА БАЛКИ СОКОЛОВА И ЧАСТИ ВОДОРАЗДЕЛЬНОГО ПЛАТО МЕЖДУ РЕКАМИ АКСАЙ И ТУЗЛОВ, СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНЕЕ П. КЛЮЧЕВОЙ

The paper gives characteristic of the landscapes of the left slope of Sokolovа ravine of the southwestern exposition, the part of the water-shed plateau adjacent to it from the north be-tween the Aksai and Tuzlov rivers which are located to the south of the Klyuchevоy village. We have studied taxonomic levels, qualitatively differing from each other by landscape-forming factors, taking into account the degree of influ-ence of these individual factors and their dif-ferent correlations with each other on the growth of the grapevine plant, the yield of vineyards, the quality of the vineyard and vini-cultural products. Landscape-forming factors at the microrelief level are geology, relief, soil and groundwater. Obtaining the necessary land-scape-forming data was carried out by drilling the wells of the ground to a depth of up to 10 m with a morphological description of soil, geo-logical and hydrogeological profile, with taking soil and groundwater samples for chemical analysis, paying special attention to landscape-forming factors that may be limiting for laying vineyards and to those that create optimal agroecological conditions for vineyards.

Plastics in soil description and surveys – practical considerations and field guide

A growing evidence base has shown that plastics are widely distributed in soils and could have negative effects on soil functions. However, within international standards for soil description, plastics are handled so far as one part of human-made artefacts. With the ongoing plastic crisis, such a simple classification may no longer be sufficient to provide a satisfactory description of plastics in soils. Based on the latest research on plastics in soils, these foreign components can no longer be understood as relevant only for soils in urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas. This perspective therefore aims to suggest a possible approach towards a future and more comprehensive description of plastics in soil characterization. Based on the existing definitions within the international soil description standards, a description concept and a corresponding field guide are proposed. The proposed approach comprises a recent definition of plastics and guidelines for the description of visible plastic residues in soils during field work. Classification approaches are developed for plastics abundance and distribution as well as plastic characteristics. Furthermore, pitfalls during the description, as well as during the extraction of plastics from soils in the field, and further limitations are discussed. Basic soil description during soil surveys or soil mapping, are a strong tool of soil science to derive environmental data sets. The perspective and the field guide presented in this paper are intended to change this circumstance and enable soil scientists to describe plastic residues in soils simple, comparable and adapted to existing standards in future.

Факторы, влияющие на распределение добавочного давления на тоннели метрополитена от наземного строительства

Purpose: To analyze the factors affecting pressure distribution from ground construction on subway tunnel linings. Method: Mathematical modeling by finite element method of a system that includes a soil massif, an interstation tunnel lining and a load from ground building foundation. Results: The type of additional pressure distribution graph from ground construction inviolate massif and in the massif, which stress-strain state is distorted by tunneling, is established. It is found that the change of additional pressure is directly proportional to load change as by depth as well as by distance from foundation axis; this law is preserved at any other parameter change (in inviolate soil massif and in the massif which stress-strain state is changed by tunneling, at various ways of tunneling modeling, at the use of various geomechanical soil models). It is established that the value of additional pressure from ground construction practically doesn’t depend on tunneling modeling method. The difference between the results at soil description via Mohr-Coulomb model and via its modification is substantiated. Practical importance: It is shown the possibility to determine accurately the amount of additional pressure from ground construction on tunnel lining without having information on tunneling method.

Soil chemical variables improve models of understorey plant species distributions

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) assume that all ecologically relevant predictor variables are included. This assumption is frequently violated in SDMs of plant species, as soil variables are rarely included. Here, we used in‐situ, soil geochemical variables along with more commonly used topo‐climatic and remotely sensed variables to create SDMs of understorey plant species. We evaluated whether the potential importance of soil variables is greater than generally described in SDM literature, which predictors are most important, and whether a standard subset of predictors can be used to effectively model all species.LocationNorthern Appalachian Mountains.TaxonVascular, forest understorey plants.MethodsWe fit models for the presence of 41 forest understorey plant species across 158 plots using soil, topographic and spectral predictors.ResultsModels containing all three predictor types performed best. Soil and topographic variables had comparable importance; spectral variables were of lesser importance. The best predictor variable was B horizon carbon to nitrogen ratio (B C:N), followed by topographic position index, elevation and B horizon exchangeable calcium (B Ca). A standard subset of variables did not effectively model all species.Main conclusionsOur results and those of other SDMs that include in‐situ soil geochemical data suggest that soil variables are increasingly important with more detailed descriptions of soils. Soil fertility data, such as B C:N and B Ca, are particularly important in acidic, forest soils where pH is a poor indicator of fertility. Commonly used topo‐climatic variables provide meaningful predictions but are limited by their use of indirect predictor variables, inhibiting transferability and interpretability. The poor performance of a standard subset of variables highlights the uniqueness of each species' niche and the need to have a variety of predictor variables.

Alluvial fan aggradation in low relief, humid‐temperate landscapes, Uwharrie National Forest, North Carolina Piedmont

AbstractWe describe the soils, stratigraphy, distribution and ages of alluvial fans in the North Carolina Piedmont to understand factors contributing to their formation in this low relief, humid‐temperate setting. We find that those contributing factors (i.e., contributing source basin area and rock type; and climate) parallel, but do not precisely mimic those of arid and semi‐arid climate fans. Digital elevation model (DEM) and field observations revealed that about 25% of 209 mapped basin outlets contain alluvial fans. Fans are all < 0.01 km2 in area, with a contributing basin area threshold of ~0.1km2 above which fans are not commonly observed. Fans issuing from basins underlain by more easily weatherable and erodible argillites are generally larger than those that contain more resistant rhyolites. Radiocarbon dates of fan sediments are dominantly late Holocene (13 ages < 3000 ka; two ages between 7000–10,000 ka), with notably no late‐Pleistocene aged fans. We thus infer that fan aggradation is predicated on watershed characteristics – and climates – that favor high sediment supply to discharge ratios. Detailed soil and sediment descriptions from pits located on 15 fans reveal that approximately half exhibit cumulic over‐thickened soil profiles forming dominantly in sheetflood deposits, providing evidence of ongoing, relatively slow deposition. Low iron ratios measured from those fan soils suggests recycling of more developed soils from basin hillslopes. Occasional matrix‐supported debris flow deposits in some fans provide evidence of much less common, rapid (0.5–1 m) fan accumulation. While acknowledging a paucity of detailed climate records in the Piedmont precludes identifying precise mechanistic relationships, our mapping, soils and sedimentologic data suggest that climates favoring modest hillslope erosion without extreme runoff lead to periods of fan aggradation in this transport‐limited landscape. Overall, this work documents significant rock‐type modulated, climate‐driven Holocene landscape evolution in the south‐eastern US Piedmont predating legacy sediment erosion and deposition that has gone largely underappreciated.

Soil connectivity makes university social responsibility practice in Taiwan

This paper describes examples of actions taken for the connectivity between soil and society to inspire soil awareness in Taiwan, particularly by the practices of university social responsibility (USR) including workshops of soil survey education in Taiwan (WOSSET) carried out from 2015 to 2019, the Farmers Academy, soil profiles diagnoses for crop growth, the soil museum, and soil art applications. In the WOSSET, the students learned the skills of soil description, classification and interpretation on the impacts of soil management, suitability classes of crop production and land uses. The students considered the experience from the WOSSET as positive impacts on their professional careers making them “seed-spreaders” for soil connectivity between scientists and the general public by promoting their dedication to future practices of USR. In the program of the Farmers Academy, soil concepts related to soil properties, fertilizer, plant nutrition, compost and soil management have been taught by speakers from university faculties; thus the trained young farmers are able to obtain new knowledge of soil science even through the simple observation of soil profile morphology, which are helpful links among crop root growth, soil management and climate change. Inspired by the visual impact from the visits to soil museum in the university, soil was applied as pigments by artists on artistic practices such as painting and fabric. The actions of soil connectivity enable the general public and students to understand soil functions and soil security as well as construct the knowledge foundation of communication on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Comparative Assessment of Digital and Conventional Soil Mapping: A Case Study of the Southern Cis-Ural Region, Russia

Digital mapping was applied for a key site located at the Southern Cis-Ural region near Ufa city (the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The digital soil map (DSM) was created using the open-source GIS software packages and compared to a conventional (CSM) one. As input parameters, we used standard morphometric values of the topography and field descriptions of soils, including the authors’ data. The DSM was created at the same scale (1:25,000) as the CSM, and soils of different classes were grouped according to the principle of genetic homogeneity and regional agroecological value. Comparing DSM and CSM showed several significant differences in the position, areas, and boundaries of hydromorphic soils and chernozems. The DSM has advantages over CSM at estimating smaller soil areas (areals) and their boundaries, in particular, on elevated topography elements (hills and steep slopes) and upper links of the erosion network (small dry valleys, hollows, and gullies). On the other hand, fluvial soils are mapped rather poorly by the digital approach, and CSM is more appropriate for such soils’ areals. The highest discrepancy is confined to the areas of eroded soils and fluvisols (15% and 12% of total area, respectively) due to significant differences in DSM and CSM approaches for such soil groups. We suppose that the digital method is effective and suitable for the Cis-Ural region, despite 57% soil taxa (types) prediction accuracy and the complexity of the territory by its ruggedness, erosion, and suffusion processes. The implementation and further use of digital mapping methods increase the quality of work, reduce its cost and terms in the region.

SOIL PROPERTIES IN SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) STANDS IN TERVETE NATURE PARK IN LATVIA

A research of soil properties was carried out in 2020 in the area of unique old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Tervete Nature Park in Latvia. The oldest tree stands reaches age of 180 till 260 years. These are the oldest pine stands in Latvia and in Baltic countries still growing in nowadays. As in the vicinity of Tervete there is a pronounced moraine undulating relief, and the sediments are formed by moraine loam of various thicknesses, then part of the pleasant conditions for pine is already provided in the soil. But still the soils in pine stands of Tervete are poorly studied. In July of 2020 there were soil description in 8 pine stands provided to get the information of most important soil parametres: genetic horizons, texture, percentage of clay content, soil structure, colour, pH, carbonates, percentage of organic matter, sum of adsorbed bases, content of P2O5 mg kg-1 of soil. The results of soil analyses were compared to tree stand characteristics. The soil types Cambisol and Arenosol were represented in researched stands. Although the content of calcium carbonates has been considered as an prerequisite of soil fertility, only the part of stands had the carbonates abundant in the soil horizons up to 80 cm. The development of Scots pine stands was found to be equal both in sites with the sand and clay content dominating in the soil.

ASSESSMENT OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF SOIL FROM LOAD MICROPILE TESTS

Design and evaluation of the bearing capacity of micropiles are based on shear strength parameters of the soil within which a micropile is installed. These parameters are mostly received from laboratory tests or as an expert evaluation relying on soil description, classification and collected experience. This paper presents an approach that determines cohesion and angle of internal friction from diagrams of displacement on load, these being obtained by compression and traction load tests of real micropiles installed in the known soil. Furthermore, the diagrams are interpreted by the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and the desired values of shear strength are thus derived by using it.

Experimental Study of Silty Soil Using Gypsum and Cement on California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

Merauke Regency is a lowland area, with soft soil conditions that dominate and urgently need to be stabilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of a mixture of cement and gypsum as a stabilizing agent. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. The tests carried out are physical and mechanical properties testing. Laboratory CBR is used to determine the value of the increase in CBR on the original soil and soil that has been mixed with cement and gypsum variations. Based on the results of testing the physical properties of the grain fraction for silt of 85.88%, in the calcification using the AASHTO method this soil is included in group A-5 with a description of silt soil with high plasticity. From the results of the tests carried out the CBR value on silt soil is 2.62% while the CBR value of stabilized soil with a percentage of 100% silt + 2% cement + 4% gypsum is 23.54%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 8% gypsum that is 24.41%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 12% gypsum ie 27.02%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 16% gypsum ie 30.51%; and 100% silt + 2% cement + 20% gypsum that is 31.38%. From the CBR value, it can be concluded that the variation increased with each addition of cement and the percentage of gypsum.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ КАМЧАТСКИХ ПОЧВ И НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ИХ СОХРАНЕНИЯ

The characteristics of four soils of the Kamchatka Peninsula that are mostly needed protection are presented in the article. Reference plots have been allocated for two of them, which are proposed for inclusion in the Red Book of Soils of Russia. Their morphology is described; photos of soil profiles, cartographies of their location are given. One of the sites characterizes ochre typical soil which is zonal for the region, the other – a rare soil on diatomite deposits. A plot located in the area of the village Sosnovka (Yelizovsky district) which earlier was the basis for the most complete description of the first soil was proposed as a reference for it. The reference for the second soil is a small relief lowering, located at the southern tip of Sredinny Range in the valley of the Plotnikov River, representing the only location of this soil on the peninsula. Each site proposed for protection is recommended to be given the protected status of a ‟Natural monument” of regional significance.

ЛАНДШАФТЫ ЛЕВОГО СКЛОНА БАЛКИ БОЛЬШАЯ МИШКИНА, ЮЖНЕЕ П. КЛЮЧЕВОЙ

The paper gives characteristic of the landscapes of the left slope of the Bolshaya Mishkinа ra-vine of the southwestern exposition, which is located to the south of the Klyuchevоy village. We have studied taxonomic levels, qualitatively differing from each other by landscape-forming factors, taking into account the degree of influ-ence of these individual factors and their dif-ferent correlations with each other on the growth of the grapevine plant, the yield of vineyards, the quality of the vineyard and vini-cultural products. Landscape-forming factors at the microrelief level are geology, relief, soil and groundwater. Obtaining the necessary landscape-forming data was carried out by drilling the wells of the ground to a depth of up to 10 m with a morphological description of soil, geological and hydrogeological profile, with taking soil and groundwater samples for chemical analysis, paying special attention to landscape-forming factors that may be limiting for laying vineyards and to those that create optimal agroecological conditions for vine-yards.

S-map parameters for APSIM

Agroecosystem models have become an important tool for impact assessment studies, and their results are often used for management and policy decisions. Soil information is a key input for these models, yet site-specific soil property data are often not available, and soil databases are increasingly being used to provide input parameters. For New Zealand, the digital spatial soil information system S-map provides geospatial data on a range of soil characteristics, including estimates of soil water properties. We describe a protocol for how properties from S-map can be used as input parameters for the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) framework. Finally, we investigate how changes in the physical description of soil layers, and soil organic matter pools, affect the various outputs of APSIM.•This paper presents a description of how information from S-map, a digital soil map of New Zealand, can be used for building a soil description for APSIM.•A sensitivity analysis shows the effect of soil layering and the set-up setup, size, and distribution of SOM pools on model outputs, including plant growth and N leaching

Redoksimorfne značajke kao pokazatelji režima vlaženja tla

Soil water regime, as one of the key components of soil fertility, refers to the quantity, retention, and movement of soil water. Rather than through expensive and/or time-consuming measurements, it can be assessed from the field-observable morphological properties in the soil profile. Excessively wetted soils have a specific morphology, and are therefore often referred to as hydromorphic. Their morphology is caused by various soil redoximorphic features (RMFs), resulting from the reduction, translocation, and oxidation of iron and manganese oxides. Hydromorphic soils largely comprise Gleysols and Stagnosols (along with Gleyic Fluvisols) that are excessively wetted by groundwater, precipitation and/or flooded water. Their morphology is often described/analyzed with different terms/criteria in line with their global distribution. This complicates the comparison and classification of such soils and thus their use or reclamation. This review paper describes and compares common RMFs and explains their formation. It then proposes the revised Croatian terms for these features, which are in line with the terms used in the international soil classification systems of WRB and/or Soil Taxonomy. Furthermore, the criteria/rules used for diagnosing RMFs when classifying hydromorphic soils are critically reviewed. Finally, it is shown that a methodologically sound RMFs description can provide a quick insight into the crucial soil water regime parameters, such as location and duration of soil saturation, the origin of the excess soil water, recentness of excessive soil wetting, etc. However, depending on the research objectives and/or actual soil conditions, field soil description cannot always fully replace continuous field monitoring of the soil water regime and/or laboratory and micromorphological soil analyses.

Seismic risk assessment of supporting structures and process piping for accident prevention in chemical facilities

The seismic risk assessment of supporting structures and process piping elevated on supporting structures plays an important role in accident prevention inside process plants. Process piping is an essential yet complex network of pipes that is used inside petrochemical facilities for connecting equipment items. Even though the seismic vulnerability of process piping and supporting structures is high, as demonstrated during past accidents, the risk assessment has hitherto relied on generalized and obsolete fragility models, e.g. from HAZUS, without addressing specifically the idiosyncrasies of dynamic coupling, soil effects or source conditions. To this effect, the present study addresses the risk assessment and accident scenarios due to earthquake of a realistic process unit in a refinery. By virtue of a recent update of seismic hazard maps in the region of interest, the seismic performance of the unit should be investigated. The methodology includes five main steps that pertain to structural modelling accounting for soil effects, hazard identification, dynamic analyses and description of seismic demand – intensity relationship, fragility derivation and risk estimation as well as analysis of the accident's consequences using JRC's in house tool, ADAM. Overall, the steel structure was considerably more vulnerable than piping. Also, soil deformability and source conditions caused higher uncertainty and increased the risk. The derived fragility curves and risk estimation are tailored to a process plant that can commonly be found in modern oil refineries, and the proposed analytical framework can be easily implemented in a quantitative risk assessment for the most vulnerable equipment, at least, which is necessary for risk reduction and consequence mitigation inside chemical facilities.

Wood profiling by non-targeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry: Part 2, Detection of the geographical origin of spruce wood (Picea abies) by determination of metabolite pattern

A non-targeted metabolomics-based approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to authenticate spruce wood (Picea abies) from two geographic source areas. The two sample sites were located in Germany and only 250 km apart. In order to achieve the highest possible metabolite coverage, the spruces samples were measured with four different methods using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this way, a total of approximately 4,100 features were detected, which included non-polar, polar, and intermediate-polar metabolites. Using supervised multivariate methods, a distinction between the two sample groups could be achieved on the basis of non-polar data sets. The major metabolites contributing to differentiation were identified by MS/MS experiments and were from the following classes of compounds: ceramides, fatty acids, glycerolipids, and phytosterols. Based on the soil descriptions of the two sites, it was concluded that there is probably a close relationship between nutrient availability and the differences in concentration of the marker compounds. The results show that a metabolomics-based approach is also suitable for differentiation of origin, even if the sample sites are close to each other.

Alteration of high alkaline and alkaline basaltic rocks: parent rocks in the Lava Durian orchard, Sisaket Province, NE Thailand

Lava Durian Sisaket is the first geographically identified (GI) fruit related to the volcano in Thailand and distributed in three districts of Sisaket Province, the southernmost edge of the Khorat Plateau. The parent rocks of orchards are important for the description of soil and rock relation with respect to mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. This work aims to study lithology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of basaltic rocks, parent rocks of in situ soil in these orchards, and delineate the existing basaltic soil models. The several orchards are covered by reddish-brown to brown in situ soils, weathered from mafic volcanic rocks: porphyritic olivine basalt, vesicular olivine basalt, and nephelinite. The microscopic image analysis, XRD, and MiniSEM-EDS are used to classify mineralogy, while XRF and analysis of large and rare elements in ICP-MS/ICP-OES were used to determine parental rocks geochemistry and alteration. The olivine basalts comprise forsterite microphenocrysts associated with bytownite, diopside, augite, pigeonite, and ilmenite groundmass, while nephelinite is composed of nepheline groundmass and bytownite-labradorite, diopside, augite, pigeonite, and ilmenite crystals. In addition, these basalts display high alteration rates, especially olivine highly altered to iddingsite. According to the geochemical data, Sisaket's basalts were identified as alkali basalt and nepheline basanite with high LILEs and LREEs (La, Nd, Pr, Gd, Eu). The kaolinite, smectite, and illite are altered from felsic minerals, while the chlorite and iddingsite are from mafic minerals. The mineralogical analyses classified secondary phyllosilicates related to low-moderate temperature hydrothermal fluid, very high cation exchange capacity (H+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), and tropical weathering. The alkaline and high alkaline basalts, presenting as parent rocks, are one of the parameters that produced good nitisal soil of Sisaket's agricultural areas.

The Mediterranean Old-Growth Forests: Anomalies or Relicts? The Contribution of Soil Charcoal Analysis

Old-growth forests are of high interest for biodiversity conservation, especially in the disturbance-prone Mediterranean landscapes. However, it remains unclear whether the survival of patches of old-growth forest in the degraded Mediterranean landscapes results from local anomalies or from past, larger forests. Therefore, in this study, we assessed (1) the origin, (2) the long-term ecological trajectory, and (3) the mechanism(s) that explain the survival of a Mediterranean old-growth forest, the Sainte-Baume forest. To achieve this, we used soil charcoal analysis. We opened fifteen soil profiles in the forest and five in its surrounding areas for soil description and sampling. The soil descriptions enabled us to highlight in situ soil horizon and colluvial layers. A total of 1656 charcoal pieces from different soil samples were taxonomically identified to characterize the composition of past forests. Selected charcoal pieces (n = 34) were dated to obtain chronological data. Our investigations indicate that the survival of the Mediterranean old-growth forest, in the context of the semi-open/open Mediterranean landscapes, is the result of a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, which reduced the influence of past forest disturbances. Thus, the resistance and resilience of the forest areas are preserved over a long-term ecological trajectory. Therefore, the potential of Mediterranean old-growth forests as baseline reference points for the conservation of biodiversity is related to the identification and maintenance of the local biotic and abiotic factors which allowed the survival of the old-growth forest.

Hyphomicrobium album sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil and emended description of genus Hyphomicrobium.

A soil bacterium, designated XQ2T, was isolated from Lang Mountain in Hunan province, P. R. China. The strain is Gram stain negative, facultative anaerobic, and the cells are motile and rod-shaped. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain XQ2T shared the highest similarities with Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans S1T (97.1%), Pedomicrobium manganicum ACM 3038T (95.9%) and Hyphomicrobium aestuarii DSM 1564T (95.4%) and grouped with H. sulfonivorans S1T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and the DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain XQ2T and H. sulfonivorans S1T were 86.6% and 55.4% respectively. Strain XQ2T had a genome size of 3.91Mb and the average G+C content was 65.1%. The major fatty acids (> 5%) were C18:1ω6c, C18:1ω7c, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C16:0 and C18:0. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9 (82.8%) and the minor one was Q-8 (17.2%). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain XQ2T represents a novel species of the genus Hyphomicrobium, for which the name Hyphomicrobium album sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XQ2T (= KCTC 82378T = CCTCC AB 2020178T). The genus description is also emended.