Relevant Description Research Articles

Personalization over Protocolization.

Personalization over Protocolization.

Templates of generic geographic information for answering where-questions

ABSTRACT In everyday communication, where-questions are answered by place descriptions. To answer where-questions automatically, computers should be able to generate relevant place descriptions that satisfy inquirers’ information needs. Human-generated answers to where-questions constructed based on a few anchor places that characterize the location of inquired places. The challenge for automatically generating such relevant responses stems from selecting relevant anchor places. In this paper, we present templates that allow to characterize the human-generated answers and to imitate their structure. These templates are patterns of generic geographic information derived and encoded from the largest available machine comprehension dataset, MS MARCO v2.1. In our approach, the toponyms in the questions and answers of the dataset are encoded into sequences of generic information. Next, sequence prediction methods are used to model the relation between the generic information in the questions and their answers. Finally, we evaluate the performance of predicting templates for answers to where-questions.

Korean internally-headed relative clauses: Encoding strategy and semantic relevance

ABSTRACT This study explores semantic relevance between internally-headed relative clauses (RCs) and main clauses in Korean, and argues that semantic relevance is caused by the encoding strategy of an internally-headed RC, which is shared by perception-verb complements. An internally-headed RC is distinguished from a gap RC in that the head noun appears in the RC as a full noun. Previous studies have argued that, along with the difference in the position of the head noun, semantic relevance is also required for an internally-headed RC. After showing that descriptions of semantic relevance in previous studies have explanatory limitations, we re-examine semantic relevance by focusing on the encoding strategy of internally-headed RCs, which is shared by complement clauses. The findings show that semantic relevance is required for internally-headed RCs that formally resemble perception-verb complements. After defining semantic relevance as describing a temporary state and as representing causal, temporal and concessive meanings, we explain the former with a perception requirement and the latter with a ‘perception–reaction’ relation between an internally-headed RC and a main clause.

Взгляд на формализацию смысла с позиций трансдисциплинарного подхода

The ability to operate with knowledge is based on the use of relevant concepts, their designations and descriptions. The latter, presented in a brief form, are the essence of definitions that adequately reflect the meaning embedded in this knowledge, and its features largely determine further logical constructions. Traditionally, descriptions are built on the basis of concepts related to the signs and connections inherent in the object of attention. The literature offers a description of concepts in the context of the context-semantic paradigm. The article attempts to consider not only the wellknown, but all potentially possible ways of forming an adequate description of the semantic content of concepts, using the version of the transdisciplinary approach proposed at the Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This option involves the identification and systematization of knowledge within the framework of a holistic structure. The procedure for forming a description that reveals the meaning of knowledge is considered as a method for solving the corresponding problem. Logical procedures that establish the origin of concepts and make it possible to indicate their place in a holistic structure, to determine the attainable boundaries of formalization in the formation of the desired descriptions and, consequently, the potential possibilities of realizability of strong artificial intelligence are described.

Describing Populations and Samples in Doctoral Student Research

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present clear definitions of the population structures essential to research, to provide examples of how these structures are described within research, and to propose a basic structure that novice researchers may use to ensure a clearly and completely defined population of interest and sample from which they will collect data. Background: Novice researchers, especially doctoral students, experience challenges when describing and distinguishing between populations and samples. Clearly defining and describing research structural elements, to include populations and the sample, provides needed scaffolding to doctoral students. Methodology: The systematic review of 65 empirical research articles and research texts provided peer-reviewed support for presenting consistent population- and sample-related definitions and exemplars. Contribution: This article provides clear definitions of the population structures essential to research, with examples of how these structures, beginning with the unit of analysis, are described within research. With this defined, we examine the population subsets and what characterizes them. The proposed writing structure provides doctoral students a model for developing the relevant population and sample descriptions in their dissertations and other research. Findings: The article describes that although many definitions and uses are relatively consistent within the literature, there are epistemological differences between research designs that do not allow for a one-size-fits-all definition for all terms. We provide methods for defining populations and the sample, selecting a sample from the population, and the arguments for and against each of the methods. Recommendations for Practitioners: Social science research faculty seek structured ways in which to present key research elements to doctoral students and to provide a model by which they may write the dissertation. The article offers contemporary examples from the peer-reviewed literature to support these aims. Recommendation for Researchers: Novice researchers may wish to use the recommended framework within this article when developing the relevant section of the dissertation. Doing so provides an itemized checklist of writing descriptions, ensuring a more complete and comprehensive description of the study population and sample. Impact on Society: The scientific method provides a consistent methodological approach to researching and presenting research. By reemphasizing the definitions and applications of populations and samples in research, and by providing a writing structure that doctoral students may model in their own writing, the article supports doctoral students’ growth and development in using the scientific method. Future Research: Future researchers may wish to further advance novice researcher knowledge in developing models to guide dissertation writing. Future studies may focus on other essential areas of research, including studies about recruitment methods and attrition strategies, data collection procedures, and overall research alignment. Additionally, future researchers may wish to consider evaluating doctoral student foundational knowledge about populations and samples as part of the research process.

Розробка структури інформаційної технології організації особистого тайм-менеджменту

The articles propose the structure of information technology of the organization of the secret management personality on the basis of sociological descriptions. The work is seen as a startup idea. Four stages are demonstrated by means of which the startup from idea turns into the stable company: Identification of consumers, Verification of consumers, Attraction of consumers, Creation of the company. To achieve the success of the project, an analysis of the market and possible risks was conducted. The main focus is on description as one of the most accurate methods of operational market analysis. A review of 2 main relevant descriptions for time management: How we organize our working day and and Time management in the organization of educational activities of students of higher education. The results of researches when the best productivity of introduction of days is shown are shown; as well as on which days of the week the best responsible work is planned. Based on the description, the problematic aspects of the topic were identified: orderliness, purposefulness, persistence, fixation on goals, self-organization, focus on the present. Based on the selected problem aspects and new ideas, the actual description is carried out, which confirms the hypotheses created before the description, emphasizes the ideas and further allows to highlight new knowledge, which is included in the basis of functional parts of the service - modules. There has been conducted a study of the target audience of the development system. A stylistic description of each component is given and the relationship between them is shown. The main blocks are the following: authorization, menu, event planning, focus, forecasting, psychology, motivation, integration, communication, free platform. It is demonstrated that the connecting component is the Menu block. The module is integrated into the general structure of information technology of personal time management based on the star topology.

The relevance of autotronic engineering competence at vocational high school to the world of work

The aims of this research were to reveal: (1) the competencies profile of autotronic engineering at vocational high school; (2) the competencies profile of autotronic engineering required in world of work; and (3) the description of relevance between the competencies profile of autotronic engineering at vocational high school and the competencies profile of autotronic engineering required in world of work. This research was quantitative research with survey method. This research used descriptive analysis as data analysis method. The results of this research were as follow: (1) there were 13 competency items in Support of Autotronic System cluster that were taught at vocational high school and required in world of work, with percentage 81% out of 85% [irrelevant]; (2) there were 34 competency items in Engine Management System cluster that were taught at vocational high school and required in world of work, with percentage 70% out of 67% [relevant]; (3) there were 44 competency items in Chassis Management System cluster that were taught at vocational high school and required in world of work, with percentage 70% out of 60% [relevant]; (4) there were 37 competency items in Comfort, Safety, and Information Technology cluster that were taught at vocational high school and required in world of work, with percentage 52% out of 63% [irrelevant]; and (5) there were 4 competency items in VCS Cluster that were taught at vocational high school and required in world of work, with percentage 27% out 59%. <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent

Investigation of the repeatability of a cleaning method for silicon spheres by gravimetric measurements

After a short description of the metrological relevance of silicon spheres and the applied cleaning method, mass measurements of silicon spheres in vacuum and the evaluation of the results are outlined. The results show that the mass of silicon spheres in vacuum stabilises in the microgram range within two to three days after cleaning and that the repeatability of the applied cleaning method can be characterised by a standard deviation in the order of two micrograms.

The influence of implant design on the kinetics of osseointegration and bone anchorage homeostasis

Titanium implants have shown considerable success in terms of achieving quick and long-lasting stability in bone through the process of osseointegration. Further work aims to improve implant success rates by modifying implant design on the nano-, micro-, and macro- scales with the goal of achieving higher levels of bone anchorage more quickly. However, the most frequently used methods of analysis do not investigate bone anchorage as a whole but as a series of discrete points, potentially missing relevant insight which could inform the effects of topography on these 3 scale ranges. Herein we utilize an asymptotic curve fitting method to obtain a biologically relevant description of reverse torque data and compare the anchorage of 12 different implant groups. Implant surface topography had a significant effect on the rate and degree of anchorage achieved during the initial bone formation period of osseointegration but was not found to influence the relative change in anchorage during bony remodeling. Threaded implants significantly decreased the time required to reach peak anchorage compared to non-threaded implants and implants with micro-topographically complex surfaces required greater torque to be removed than implants without such features. Nanotopography increased overall anchorage and decreased the time required to reach peak anchorage but to a lesser degree than microtopography or macrogeometry respectively. The curve fitting method utilized in the present study allows for a more integrated analysis of bone anchorage and permits investigation of osseointegration with respect to time, which may lead to a more targeted approach to implant design.

COVID-19-CT-CXR: A Freely Accessible and Weakly Labeled Chest X-Ray and CT Image Collection on COVID-19 From Biomedical Literature.

The latest threat to global health is the COVID-19 outbreak. Although there exist large datasets of chest X-rays (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans, few COVID-19 image collections are currently available due to patient privacy. At the same time, there is a rapid growth of COVID-19-relevant articles in the biomedical literature, including those that report findings on radiographs. Here, we present COVID-19-CT-CXR, a public database of COVID-19 CXR and CT images, which are automatically extracted from COVID-19-relevant articles from the PubMed Central Open Access (PMC-OA) Subset. We extracted figures, associated captions, and relevant figure descriptions in the article and separated compound figures into subfigures. Because a large portion of figures in COVID-19 articles are not CXR or CT, we designed a deep-learning model to distinguish them from other figure types and to classify them accordingly. The final database includes 1,327 CT and 263 CXR images (as of May 9, 2020) with their relevant text. To demonstrate the utility of COVID-19-CT-CXR, we conducted four case studies. (1) We show that COVID-19-CT-CXR, when used as additional training data, is able to contribute to improved deep-learning (DL) performance for the classification of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 CT. (2) We collected CT images of influenza, another common infectious respiratory illness that may present similarly to COVID-19, and fine-tuned a baseline deep neural network to distinguish a diagnosis of COVID-19, influenza, or normal or other types of diseases on CT. (3) We fine-tuned an unsupervised one-class classifier from non-COVID-19 CXR and performed anomaly detection to detect COVID-19 CXR. (4) From text-mined captions and figure descriptions, we compared 15 clinical symptoms and 20 clinical findings of COVID-19 versus those of influenza to demonstrate the disease differences in the scientific publications. Our database is unique, as the figures are retrieved along with relevant text with fine-grained descriptions, and it can be extended easily in the future. We believe that our work is complementary to existing resources and hope that it will contribute to medical image analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset, code, and DL models are publicly available at https://github.com/ncbi-nlp/COVID-19-CT-CXR.

Edgar Allan Poe: Amateur Psychologist

Edgar Allan Poe: Amateur Psychologist

Suspected Primary Adrenal Lymphoma (PAL) Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

Adrenal incidentalomas, masses noted on imaging performed for other purposes, are common, with 10% to 15% presenting as bilateral adrenal masses. These cases can be challenging as the differential diagnosis is broad, including metastatic disease, primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), or infection, and often requiring a biopsy if initial biochemical workup is unrevealing. We present here a relevant case description, laboratory and radiologic imaging studies, and discussion of literature. A 62-year-old Korean woman presented with altered mental status and fevers. She was found to have bilateral adrenal incidentalomas and retained acupuncture needles. Adrenal workup did not show biochemical evidence of hormonal excess. Infectious workup was unrevealing, as was a metal/toxin workup due to retained acupuncture needles. Fevers and episodes of hypotension persisted which prevented the patient from obtaining an adrenal biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy was obtained for pancytopenia and revealed B-cell lymphoma with large cell morphology and few histiocytes with hemophagocytosis, raising concern for lymphoma-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PAL associated with HLH was highly suspected in our patient, given the large (7 cm) bilateral adrenal masses and bone marrow biopsy findings of lymphoma. The patient was treated for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with clinical improvement. PAL is a rare but aggressive lymphoma with few reported cases. It should be considered in the differential for both unilateral and bilateral adrenal masses. An early diagnosis is crucial as the main treatment is chemotherapy rather than surgery and it confers a significant survival benefit.

The Local Governments as a Subject of the Child Protection System in the Local Community

The article examines the organisation of local governments in the system of social protection of children in the process of decentralisation of power and the formation of united territorial communities. The biggest challenge for the authorities, after agreeing with communities and approving long-term plans, is to create a safe environment for children, who have risks and might need social assistance. As the analysis of scientific and theoretical-practical material shows, the state is now actively cooperating in this direction with international organisations and non-governmental organisations that develop projects such as «Together. Social services for families in the community» (Semikina, 2020). So, directions of the reform of social services are accessibility, overcoming difficult life circumstances, guardianship and care of children. The term «community» can be defined as an area, community of interested of people and local government and administrative-territorial unit. In the Law of Ukraine «On Social Services», the description of relevance of social services in the community and the purpose of the centre of social services as central and local authorities are specified. To conclude, the interdepartmental activities of state and public organisations related to children’s protection systems, the establishment of an interdepartmental commission aimed at identifying the children affected by violence and circumstances that may threaten their lives and health have been revealed. Thus, local governments can be considered to be part of the system of social protection of children. the establishment and development of interaction and partnership between local governments, the executive social institutions and public organizations that strengthens protection of children can be considered to be the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of the aforementioned activities.

The Influence of Implant Design on the Kinetics of Osseointegration and Bone Anchorage Homeostasis

Titanium implants have shown considerable success in terms of achieving quick and long-lasting stability in bone through the process of osseointegration. Further work aims to improve implant success rates by modifying implant surface design and geometry on the nano-, micro-, and macro- scales with the goal of achieving higher levels of bone anchorage more quickly. However, the most frequently used methods of analysis do not investigate bone anchorage as a whole but as a series of discrete points, potentially missing out on relevant insight which could inform the effects of topography on these 3 scale ranges. Herein we utilize an asymptotic curve fitting method to obtain a more biologically relevant description of reverse torque data and compare the anchorage of 12 different implant groups. Implant surface topography had a significant effect on the rate and degree of anchorage achieved during the initial bone formation period of osseointegration but was not found to influence the relative change in anchorage during bony remodeling. Threaded implants significantly decreased the time required to reach peak anchorage compared to non-threaded implants and implants with micro-topographically complex surfaces required a greater torque to be removed than implants without micron scale features. Nanotopography increased overall anchorage and decreased the time required to reach peak anchorage but to a lesser degree than microtopographically complex surfaces or threaded implants respectively. The curve fitting method utilized in the present study allows for a more integrated analysis of bone anchorage over time and allows for investigation of specific stages of osseointegration which may lead to a more targeted approach to implant design.

Counting is not Enough. Modelling Relevance in Art Exhibition Ecosystems

AbstractThe authors present a conceptual and mathematical model for an art institution relevance index that quantifies the institution’s ability to manage and leverage its loan relationships with other art institutions, art collectors, and curators. The propose that their model innovates on prior methods descriptions of institution relevance based on the depth or size of an institution’s collections, by introducing a more complex combination of the institution’s ability to manage the type, frequency and range of lending and borrowing practices. Their mixed methods approach is based on combining traditional methods of art history that have relied on subjective accounts of an institution’s collection value with a more formalized methodological approach to quantifying what was once a discourse of practice. The show that a limitation in traditional approaches to evaluating institutional impact relied on subjective interpretation and is not scalable and therefore cannot account for the importance of the global art exhibition ecosystems.

Improved cross pattern approach for steel surface defect recognition

In steel-making processes, different methods are used for online surface product monitoring. Such a control has become a necessity to avoid additional costs resulting from the poor quality of the final product. With the reported performance that varies from one application to another, all the applied methods have to meet a minimum of criteria as accuracy and speed. This effectiveness is assured thanks to a relevant image description and efficient defect classification algorithms. The Dual Cross Pattern technique, successfully applied in face recognition, is a concept that relies on coding pixels to provide such a discriminating description of the image. Its principle can perfectly be used in industrial vision applications for surface defect recognition. In this study, the relevance of this method of describing defect images is evaluated, and improvements are proposed to increase its efficiency. The experimental study shows that the pixel coding that considers the variations of the intensity in several directions and captures the information from more than one pixel-neighborhood level makes it possible to better detect the variability in the defect image and helps to increase the defect recognition rate. The experiments are carried out with the use of the published Northeastern University (NEU) database for the comparison and with a new constructed database to better show the improvements brought by the proposed approach.

Системный подход к информационному моделированию интеллектуального управления временными ресурсами в предметно-ориентированной области (на примере управления расписанием занятий университета)

Introduction. The paradigm of digital transformation of resource management in production systems is based on the intellectual integration of virtual and real processes with production objects (their attribute models). In this case, the platform (environment) for intellectual integration of virtual and real processes is the information environment of the subject-oriented domain. The functions of specialists (in this case) are reduced to the role of experts who implement the formal predicate knowledge prescribed in the relevant methods and job descriptions (documents). This ensures the properties of identifiability, traceability, and repeatability (complete rollback) of processes. Time resource is the most important factor in the organization of management of subject-oriented areas (VET). Automation of the organization's processes, planning and monitoring of time resources in real and virtual aspects is an important and urgent task. A schedule is one of the main components of organizing any process. It should be noted that the scheduling process is quite time-consuming and objective. Purpose of research. Consider a system model (system description) of the transformation of the schedule management process using a digital information platform that meets the requirements of the 4th level of maturity, allowing to solve current problems in a given aspect in VET. Develop a methodology for implementing this system model. Research methods used in the work: principles of system engineering methodology (process approach, life cycle, etc.); integrated approach and structural analysis of the design process using the SADT methodology (Structured analysis and Design Technology); functional modeling (in IDEFO notation). Results. A method of system modeling (system description of VET) of processes associated with time resources is proposed from the condition of formalized identifiability and traceability in the attribute model of VET. Using the example of UGATU, it is shown that this intellectualized system model (system description of VET) can be implemented in the form of a digital software analytical platform in the information space of the functional divisions of the educational institution specified in the description of electronic documents. Conclusion. The developed approach of system functional modeling based on a digital platform that meets the requirements of the 4th level of maturity allows solving actual problems of intellectualized management in a subject-oriented area.

Novel Pesticide Risk Indicators for Aquatic Organisms and Earthworms

There are many approaches of pesticide risk assessment. Despite their variation in difficulty and information complexity, all of them are intended to predict the actual pesticide risk as accurately as possible, i.e., to predict the behavior and hazard of a pesticide in the environment with high precision. The aim of this study was to develop a risk indicator of pesticide’s negative impact on soil and aquatic organisms. The developed pesticide risk indicator constitutes the sum of points of acute toxicity exposure ratio, long-term toxicity exposure ratio, and the bioconcentration factor. To develop the indicator, mathematical models were used; the input data included the soil and climate conditions of a specific region. Combining the data of pesticide toxicity in the environment allowed for a more accurate risk assessment in terms of using plant protection products. The toxicity and behavior in soil and water of 200 widespread pesticides were studied. It could be concluded that a mathematical model, PEARL 4.4.4, calibrated for region-specific soil-climate conditions, provides a relevant description of the natural translocation and decomposition of pesticides in soils. In addition, the output data of this model can be applied to calculate the risk indicators. The combination of these parameters with pesticide toxicity for non-target groups of organisms allows the risk indicator to be a universal tool for predicting the negative impact of pesticides on the environment at the regional level.

Modulation of radiative aerosols effects by atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region

Abstract. The present work aims at better understanding regional climate–aerosol interactions by studying the relationships between aerosols and synoptic atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region. Two 40-year simulations (1979–2018) have been carried out with version 6.3 of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (National Centre for Meteorological Research) – Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational (CNRM-ALADIN) regional climate model, one using interactive aerosols and the other one without any aerosol. The simulation with aerosols has been evaluated in terms of different climate and aerosol parameters. This evaluation shows a good agreement between the model and observations, significant improvements compared to the previous model version and consequently the relevance of using this model for the study of climate–aerosol interactions over this region. A first attempt to explain the climate variability of aerosols is based on the use of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The latter explains a significant part of the interannual variability, notably in winter for the export of dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean, and in summer for the positive anomalies of anthropogenic aerosols over western Europe. This index is however not sufficient to fully understand the variations of aerosols in this region, notably at daily scale. The use of “weather regimes”, namely persisting meteorological patterns, stable at synoptic scale for a few days, provides a relevant description of atmospheric circulation, which drives the emission, transport and deposition of aerosols. The four weather regimes usually defined in this area in winter and in summer bring significant information to answer this question. The blocking and NAO+ regimes are largely favourable to strong aerosol effects on shortwave surface radiation and near-surface temperature, either because of higher aerosol loads or because of weaker cloud fraction, which reinforces the direct aerosol effect. Inversely, the NAO− and Atlantic Ridge regimes are unfavourable to aerosol radiative effects, because of weaker aerosol concentrations and increased cloud cover. This study thus puts forward the strong dependence of aerosol loads on the synoptic circulation from interannual to daily scales and, as a consequence, the important modulation of the aerosol effects on shortwave surface radiation and near-surface temperature by atmospheric circulation. The role of cloud cover is essential in this modulation as shown by the use of weather regimes.

Conflict Management in the ICU.

To provide a concise review of data and literature pertaining to the etiologies of conflict in the ICU, as well as current approaches to conflict management. Detailed search strategy using PubMed and OVID Medline for English language articles describing conflict in the ICU as well as prevention and management strategies. Descriptive and interventional studies addressing conflict, bioethics, clinical ethics consultation, palliative care medicine, conflict management, and conflict mediation in critical care. Relevant descriptions or studies were reviewed, and the following aspects of each manuscript were identified, abstracted, and analyzed: setting, study population, aims, methods, results, and relevant implications for critical care practice and training. Conflict frequently erupts in the ICU between patients and families and care teams, as well as within and between care teams. Conflict engenders a host of untoward consequences for patients, families, clinicians, and facilities rendering abrogating conflict a key priority for all. Conflict etiologies are diverse but understood in terms of a framework of triggers. Identifying and de-escalating conflict before it become intractable is a preferred approach. Approaches to conflict management include utilizing clinical ethics consultation, and palliative care medicine clinicians. Conflict Management is a new technique that all ICU clinicians may use to identify and manage conflict. Entrenched conflict appears to benefit from Bioethics Mediation, an approach that uses a neutral, unaligned mediator to guide parties to a mutually acceptable resolution. Conflict commonly occurs in the ICU around difficult and complex decision-making. Patients, families, clinicians, and institutions suffer undesirable consequences resulting from conflict, establishing conflict prevention and resolution as key priorities. A variety of approaches may successfully identify, manage, and prevent conflict including techniques that are utilizable by all team members in support of clinical excellence.