Description Of Profile Research Articles

RC48-ADC combined with tislelizumab as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer: a multi-center phase Ib/II study (HOPE-03).

Bladder cancer with high expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is related to pathological malignancy and poor prognosis. The standard care for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection. For HER2-positive MIBC, the efficacy of cisplatin-based NAC is unsatisfactory, and adverse reactions are inevitable or even intolerable. New regimens with higher efficiency and lower toxicity need to be explored in the neoadjuvant setting for this population. HOPE-03 is a multi-center, open-label, single-arm, phase Ib/II study aiming to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RC48-ADC (disitamab vedotin (DV)), a humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E, and tislelizumab (PD-1 antibody) as a novel neoadjuvant treatment combination in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced urothelial MIBC. Fifty-one patients with cT2-4bN0-3M0-1a pathology- and imaging-diagnosed HER2 positive (immunohistochemistry status 3+ or 2+ or 1+) MIBC were recruited. Of these patients, six were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase (three patients in the RC48-ADC 1.5 mg/kg group and three patients in the 2.0 mg/kg group), and 45 patients were enrolled in the phase II study (the expected recommended phase II dose for RC48-ADC was 2.0 mg/kg). Patients without disease progression received radical cystectomy or bladder-sparing therapies as their preference after neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoints were clinical complete remission rate (cCR rate; T0/Ta/Tis), pathological complete remission rate (pCR rate), and safety. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and quality of life. The HOPE-03 trial provides a description of the safety profile of RC-48 and tislelizumab combination in the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive locally advanced urothelial MIBC, and the efficacy is explored as well in this population. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=137111, identifier ChiCTR2200060153.

An Anisotropic Side Contact Model Based on the Peak Description Method of Surface Profile

Abstract In contact models, traditional profile description methods are based on all sampling points of the profile. The methods can only describe the features in the height direction of profile, but are difficult to describe the profile features perpendicular to the height direction, which is the main obstacle to side contact modeling. In this paper, a profile description method based on peaks is proposed, which enables the profile features perpendicular to the height direction of the profile to be expressed. The statistical distribution law of the horizontal distances perpendicular to the height direction of the profile between adjacent asperities on anisotropic contact surfaces is investigated for the first time, and it is found that the distribution of the horizontal distances is very close to the normal distribution, but the values are different in different texture directions. The distribution law of the height differences between adjacent asperities is also investigated and is found to be close to a normal distribution, but the numerical values are different from the normal distribution of profile heights. Based on the results, the distribution function of the contact angle widely used in side contact model is replaced, and a new side contact model is proposed. By the model, the effects of the statistical parameters of surface profile and the material parameters of surfaces on the surface contact characteristics are investigated. The results of investigation show that the effect of the standard deviations of the horizontal distances between asperities in different texture directions on the normal contact stiffness between surfaces is obvious, and the normal contact stiffness will decrease with the increase of the standard deviation of the horizontal distances in any direction.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHROMIC LUVISOLS PROFILE FROM SC AGROTEHNIC SRL, PAULESTI, PRAHOVA

The credit rating aims to establish the favorability classes of land for different agricultural crops.In this context, the present study aims to quantify the favorability of the Chromic Luvisols from S.C. Agrotehnic Paulesti for arable use. Also, this study has as a main objective a morphological characterization and profile description of Chromic Luvisols.Following the study, it can be concluded that it is presents the same limiting factors as for arable suitability related to the loamy-clay texture, which implies a short interval of soil works and the appearance of the hardpan sub-horizon.

A computational study of nematic core structure and disclination interactions in elastically anisotropic nematics.

A singular potential method in the Q tensor order parameter representation of a nematic liquid crystal is used to study the equilibrium configuration of a disclination dipole. Unlike the well studied isotropic limit (the so called one constant approximation), we focus on the case of anisotropic Frank elasticity (bend/splay elastic constant contrast). Prior research has established that the singular potential method provides an accurate description of the tensor order parameter profile in the vicinity of a disclination core of a highly anisotropic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. This research is extended here to two interacting disclinations forming a dipole configuration. The director angle is shown to decay in the far field inversely with distance to the dipole as is the case in the isotropic limit, but with a different angular dependence. Therefore elastic constant anisotropy modifies the elastic screening between disclinations, with implications for the study of ensembles of defects as seen, for example, in active matter in the extended system limit.

Soils of the island bars of the Ola lagoon (Okhotsk sea)

The aim of the study. The purpose of the work is investigating soil formation on the island bars of the Ola Lagoon, as soil formation there has a special character due to the severe climate, dynamism and small age of the landscapes, and the influence of marine colonial birds. Location and time of the study. Field studies were conducted in June-July 2022 in the coastal zone of the Ola Lagoon of Magadan Region; laboratory and desk studies were conducted in 2022 and 2023. Methods. Methods included route observations with soil profile descriptions, mesomorphological studies; soil physical and chemical analyses: pH, electrical conductivity (TDS), loss on ignition (LOI); satellite photos interpretation and soil mapping. Results. The bar soils were qualified as dry-peat lithozems, differing in the thickness of the dry peat horizon TJ and the abundance of skeletal material (pebble). The dry-peat horizon is gradually merging into parent rock - dense marine pebbles, which are sometimes found in the dry-peat horizon due to storm "surges" from the sea. The TJ horizon consists of mesophilic plant residues and morphons of dark fine-disperse matter and a large number of semi-decomposed and living roots penetrating into the pebble layer. In the WRB system, soils correspond to Histic Leptosols (if shallow), or to Mawic Fibric Histosols. Conclusion. Formation of the dry-peat lithozems with the TJ-(TJ/С)-C profile is determined by the dry marine climate and low plant diversity of the meadows dominated by reed grass and wild rye. The main factors, shaping soil properties, are the island bars dynamics, specific of pebbles a parent rock material, salt impulverization and marine birds colonies presence. The research expands the knowledge on poorly studied soils of the region, and may contribute to substantiating their position in the classification of soils of Russia; in addition, the data obtained are useful within the framework of sustainable development, as it serves as nesting ground for colonial seabirds.

Recruitment, Training and Retention of Military Personnel – A Psychosocial Perspective –

The article addresses, in an integrated way, three of the most pressing issues of the military body, which concern human resources: recruitment, training and retention of personnel and, after a psychological analysis of the three elements, concrete solutions are proposed for their development. In addressing these issues, we started with the description of the psychosocial profile of the military organisation and from the hypothesis that the optimal efficiency of the operation of the military organisation is given by a series of three interconnected processes: recruitment, training and retention of personnel.In this sense, based on exhaustive research, the factors influencing the reference processes from a psychological and social point of view were evaluated and realistic, pragmatic and specific solutions to improve recruitment, training and retention were sought. Therefore, the article reveals both the biggest problems and the solutions of recruitment, training and personal retention.

Recrutarea, instruirea și retenția personalului militar – o perspectivă psihosocială –

The article addresses, in an integrated way, three of the most pressing issues of the military body, which concern human resources: recruitment, training and retention of personnel and, after a psychological analysis of the three elements, concrete solutions are proposed for their development. In addressing these issues, we started with the description of the psychosocial profile of the military organisation and from the hypothesis that the optimal efficiency of the operation of the military organisation is given by a series of three interconnected processes: recruitment, training and retention of personnel.In this sense, based on exhaustive research, the factors influencing the reference processes from a psychological and social point of view were evaluated and realistic, pragmatic and specific solutions to improve recruitment, training and retention were sought. Therefore, the article reveals both the biggest problems and the solutions of recruitment, training and personal retention.

Revolution of Bone and Teeth Health: Study of Aloe Barbadensis Instant Powder Formulation

Aloe barbadensis is a plant with many applications such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and aiding in cell regeneration. Understanding aloe barbadensis' phytochemical profile and pharmacological action is essential since it is believed to have an impact on the formation of teeth and bones. The stability and bioavailability of Aloe barbadensis can be improved by formulating it as an instant powder. The research's objectives are to ascertain the Aloe barbadensis instant powder's qualitative and quantitative phytochemical profile, dosage formulations, and activity testing on hemoglobin, cholesterol, and red blood cell parameters. Samples of aloe barbadensis were washed, and they were then dried for 72 hours at 50°C. Following a maceration process using a 70% ethanol solvent, the extract was dried. Phytochemical screening, TLC profile, and extract description were employed to test the extract qualitatively. The quantities of total flavonoids, total anthraquinones, and total phenolics were determined to quantitatively test the extract. The formulation of the instant powder was then completed and evaluated on female mice using metrics associated with red blood cells, hemoglobin, and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, observations were made on the mice's liver organs. The study's findings revealed a qualitative profile of Aloe barbadensis extract, which included a tasteless, unique odor, milky white hue, and liquid shape. Aloe barbadensis has been demonstrated to contain flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones, according to the results of phytochemical screening. Three spots, identified as Rf 3.2 and Rf 8.5 in the Rf 2.3 area, are visible in the chromatographic pattern. Total anthraquinones were discovered to be 4.59%, total flavonoids to be 0.24%, and total phenolic content to be 1.42%. The third formula of instant Aloe barbadensis pollen has been demonstrated through preclinical examinations to have the capacity to reduce cholesterol, boost hemoglobin, and enhance red blood cell count—all of which are associated with the growth of teeth and bones. An SPSS statistical study demonstrating statistically significant differences with other groups supports this. Mice liver histopathological examinations revealed no liver damage in any of the test groups.

Investigation of the properties of high-strength fibers by methods of physico-chemical analysis

The carbon fiber (CF) of UMT 49-12K-ER grade, manufactured by Alabuga-Volokno LLC (Umatex JSC), was the subject of an extensive study. This investigation encompassed an analysis of its physico-chemical properties. The interplanar dimensions and chemical composition of the CF were determined using X-ray diffraction and atomic emission spectroscopy. Surface properties of the CF, including specific surface area and pore size distribution, were investigated through nitrogen adsorption. The BET specific surface area was measured at 0.29 m2/g. The volume of mesopores and their size distribution were calculated using the Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda method. Additionally, an analysis of surface functional groups was conducted through a back titration method. It was observed that there was no presence of carboxyl, phenolic, or carbonyl groups. The diffraction patterns were processed with a two-component profile description model. The results of atomic emission spectral analysis revealed that silicon compounds were the dominant impurities in the chemical composition of the CF. Further investigations determined that, in an inert environment, the epoxy coupling agent used to enhance the performance properties of this CF undergoes thermal decomposition at temperatures of 300–400 °C. The CF itself does not experience weight loss when heated up to 950 °C. It was also discovered that this CF ignites in the presence of oxygen at temperatures exceeding 550 °C, surpassing the thresholds noted in previous publications for carbon fibers without such specialized additives. The results of this research have suggested new methodologies for studying carbon fibers.

InterTransViewer: a comparative description of differential gene expression profiles from different experiments.

Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from different experiments has become increasingly prevalent due to a significantly increasing number of genome-wide experiments investigating gene expression changes under various conditions. Such data integration provides greater accuracy in identifying candidate genes and allows testing new hypotheses, which could not be validated in individual studies. To increase the relevance of experiment integration, it is necessary to optimize the selection of experiments. In this paper, we propose a set of quantitative indicators for a comprehensive comparative description of transcriptomic data. These indicators can be easily visualized and interpreted. They include the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the proportion of experiment-specific (unique) DEGs in each data set, the pairwise similarity of experiments in DEG composition and the homogeneity of DEG profiles. For automatic calculation and visualization of these indicators, we have developed the program InterTransViewer. We have used InterTransViewer to comparatively describe 23 auxin- and 16 ethylene- or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-induced transcriptomes in Arabidopsis thaliana L. We have demonstrated that analysis of the characteristics of individual DEG profiles and their pairwise comparisons based on DEG composition allow the user to rank experiments in the context of each other, assess the tendency towards their integration or segregation, and generate hypotheses about the influence of non-target factors on the transcriptional response. As a result, InterTransViewer identifies potentially homogeneous groups of experiments. Subsequent estimation of the profile homogeneity within these groups using resampling and setting a significance threshold helps to decide whether these data are appropriate for meta-analysis. Overall, InterTransViewer makes it possible to efficiently select experiments for meta-analysis depending on its task and methods.

Profile of Problem Solving System of Linear Equations Two Variables of MTs Al-Khairat Tomini Students Based on Student Learning Styles

This research aims to obtain a description of the problem-solving profile of two-variable linear equation systems of MTs Al-Khairat Tomini students based on the student's learning styles. This type of research is qualitative. The subjects of this research were three students in class VIII B MTs Al-Khairat tomini, each consisting of one student with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Data on student problem-solving was obtained from written tests and interviews. This research shows that the subject (IN) carries out the problem-solving plan by the solution plan questions, and the subject did not recheck the problem-solving because he did not understand how to do it. The subject (MA) carries out the problem-solving plan by the problem-solving plan, and the subject can check and solve questions by checking the written answers again.

Multicenter evaluation of gut microbiome profiling by next-generation sequencing reveals major biases in partial-length metabarcoding approach

Next-generation sequencing workflows, using either metabarcoding or metagenomic approaches, have massively contributed to expanding knowledge of the human gut microbiota, but methodological bias compromises reproducibility across studies. Where these biases have been quantified within several comparative analyses on their own, none have measured inter-laboratory reproducibility using similar DNA material. Here, we designed a multicenter study involving seven participating laboratories dedicated to partial- (P1 to P5), full-length (P6) metabarcoding, or metagenomic profiling (MGP) using DNA from a mock microbial community or extracted from 10 fecal samples collected at two time points from five donors. Fecal material was collected, and the DNA was extracted according to the IHMS protocols. The mock and isolated DNA were then provided to the participating laboratories for sequencing. Following sequencing analysis according to the laboratories’ routine pipelines, relative taxonomic-count tables defined at the genus level were provided and analyzed. Large variations in alpha-diversity between laboratories, uncorrelated with sequencing depth, were detected among the profiles. Half of the genera identified by P1 were unique to this partner and two-thirds of the genera identified by MGP were not detected by P3. Analysis of beta-diversity revealed lower inter-individual variance than inter-laboratory variances. The taxonomic profiles of P5 and P6 were more similar to those of MGP than those obtained by P1, P2, P3, and P4. Reanalysis of the raw sequences obtained by partial-length metabarcoding profiling, using a single bioinformatic pipeline, harmonized the description of the bacterial profiles, which were more similar to each other, except for P3, and closer to the profiles obtained by MGP. This study highlights the major impact of the bioinformatics pipeline, and primarily the database used for taxonomic annotation. Laboratories need to benchmark and optimize their bioinformatic pipelines using standards to monitor their effectiveness in accurately detecting taxa present in gut microbiota.

#DCD/Dyspraxia in Real Life: Twitter Users' Unprompted Expression of Experiences With Motor Differences.

Little is known about adults' experiences with developmental coordination disorder (DCD; sometimes also referred to as dyspraxia). Social media is an accessible opportunity for those who identify as dyspraxic or as having DCD to provide valuable insight into the lifespan impact of this condition on functional ability, participation, compensatory strategies, and well-being. We used the Twitter research application programming interface to identify users who self-identified with the keywords Developmental Coordination Disorder, #DCD, #dyspraxic (or # dyspraxia), or clumsy in their profile descriptions between October 10 and November 10, 2021. During that period, 818 tweets were harvested with 524 remaining after removing duplicates (e.g., multiple promotions of a single resource) and unrelated tweets. They were labeled according to motor differences (general motor, coordination, fine motor skills, oral motor skills, manual dexterity, driving, gross motor skills, movement pain and fatigue, posture and balance, and lower extremity); functional impact (advocacy/awareness, support for others, resources, information, and education, intervention, accommodation, and work); or other related topics (stimming and sensory, co-occurrence and diagnostic overlap, cognitive, social and communication speech, and emotional and mental health). The DCD/dyspraxic community has clearly identified a lifelong impact of motor differences across multiple contexts. DCD/dyspraxic Twitter users shared compensatory strategies that could help others, and offered insight into their experience of co-occurring conditions and cognitive/emotional sequelae of motor challenges.

Profil Resiliensi Mahasiswa Broken Home (Studi pada Mahasiswa BK Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat)

This research is motivated by the observation that students from broken homes often exhibit avoidant behavior when discussing their family, struggle to regulate their emotions, including crying, when talking about their family, and frequently withdraw from social situations.. This study aims to determine the level of resilience in students broken home seen from; 1) emotion regulation, 2) impulse control, 3) empathy, 4) a optimism, and 5) problem analysis that contribute to student resilience profiles. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a research population of 60 students selected by the method total sampling with the number of samples taken 60 students. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The aspects of resilience studied include emotion regulation, impulse control, optimism, empathy, and problem analysis skills. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively to describe the resilience profile of BK students with different backgrounds broken home. The results of the analysis show that the profile of student resilience is based on background broken home in the PGRI University West Sumatra BK study program are in the medium category. Here are the details; 1) the emotion regulation aspect is in the medium category, 2) the impulse control aspect is in the high category, 3) the empathy aspect is in the medium category, 4) the optimistic aspect is in the moderate category, 5) the problem analysis aspect is in the medium category. Even so, all aspects of resilience have variations in students who have family backgrounds broken home. This research can provide information about the resilience profile description, and this description can be a reference in improving student resilience profiles as well as being a benchmark in developing student resilience profiles broken home become even better.Keywords: Student Broken home, Resilience

565. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Acinetobacter species in blood: 10-year experience from a major United States reference laboratory

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to healthcare, and infections with antimicrobial resistant organisms carry significant morbidity and mortality. Owing to high rates of AMR, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention listed Acinetobacter baumannii as a top priority pathogen for research and development of new antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is challenging for this organism, and susceptibility profiles are variable, leading to need of a potential guidance document with assistance in selecting effective empiric therapeutic regimens. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for Acinetobacter spp. from blood culture isolates submitted to Mayo Clinic Laboratories from December 2012 to 2022. AST was performed using agar dilution and interpretations following Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Isolates were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry and/or 16S sequencing, as available (Figure 1).Figure 1:Isolate identification Isolate identification description. Isolates were analyzed based on this classification used in out laboratory. Results 804 blood culture isolates were included. A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex (27%) was most frequently isolated, followed by A. lwoffii (22%), and showed the highest resistance across all antimicrobials (73% susceptible or below) (Figure 2). A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex showed rising resistance rates over time from 2012 to 2022 for meropenem, minocycline and ampicillin-sulbactam (Figure 3). Cefiderocol non-susceptible rate was 35% for A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex.Figure 2:Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for Acinetobacter spp. Description of susceptibility profiles for Acinetobacter spp. isolates, based on the classification used by our laboratory. Antimicrobials are presented at the top and isolates on the left. Number of isolates analyzed are presented in the table with the percentage of the isolates susceptible to each antibiotic class in parenthesis.Figure 3:Acinetobacter baumannii/calcoaceticus complex isolates and resistance, trend Trend of isolates per year and resistance percentage to meropenem, colistin, minocycline and amp-sulb. Number of isolates per year at the base of each bar; percentage of resistance for antimicrobials expressed on lines. Amp-sulb = ampicillin-sulbactam. Conclusion A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex showed high levels of resistance ( >75%) across multiple antimicrobials and increasing rates of resistance over time from 2012 to 2022. A high number of cefiderocol non-susceptible organisms is also concerning (Figure 2). Disclosures Audrey N. Schuetz, MD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant

Intermolecular Interactions in 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-Methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane: Insights from Computational Spectroscopy

In this work, a computational spectroscopy approach was used to provide a complete assignment of the inelastic neutron scattering spectra of three title alkoxysilane derivatives—3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS), N-methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTS), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The simulated spectra obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations exhibit a remarkable match with the experimental spectra. The description of the experimental band profiles improves as the number of molecules considered in the theoretical model increases, from monomers to trimers. This highlights the significance of incorporating non-covalent interactions, encompassing classical NH···N, N–H···O, as well as C–H···N and C–H···O hydrogen bond contacts, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the system. A distinct scenario emerges when considering optical vibrational techniques, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In these instances, the monomer model provides a reasonable description of the experimental spectra, and no substantial alterations are observed in the simulated spectra when employing dimer and trimer models. This observation underscores the distinctive ability of neutron spectroscopy in combination with DFT calculations in assessing the structure and dynamics of molecular materials.

‘I Tweet about Our #GreenEnergy’—Automated Classification of Social Identity and Opinion Mining of the Dutch Twitter Discourse on Green-Energy Technologies

Understanding the complexities of public opinion is crucial for a green-energy transition. This present study examines the sentiment of public opinion towards various energy technologies on Twitter during the Dutch 2021 general elections. A dataset comprising 186,822 tweets and profile descriptions was analyzed using two automated text classifiers to explore how individuals with different self-proclaimed identities perceive green-energy technologies. The analysis involved the application of the sentiment and social identity classifier models, followed by a frequency and co-occurrence analysis. The findings revealed a negative overall sentiment towards green-energy technologies in the Twitter discourse. It further showed that perceptions may differ depending on a technology’s development stage, with emerging technologies generally receiving more favorable views compared to established ones. Furthermore, it was found that, although there is a general trend of negative sentiment based on political identity, and positive sentiment based on occupational identity, this trend did not consistently apply to specific energy technologies. This discrepancy can likely be attributed to varying implementation effects and contextual situations associated with the technologies. The findings suggest that personalized communication strategies for specific social groups may be beneficial for understanding and addressing public opinions, needs, and concerns within the energy transition. The complexity of understanding public opinion in the context of green-energy highlights the need for a nuanced approach in future research.

Honduras HIV cohort: HLA class I and CCR5-Δ32 profiles and their associations with HIV disease outcome.

We identify both canonical and novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-HIV associations, providing a first step toward improved understanding of HIV immune control among the understudied Honduras Mestizo population. Our results are relevant to understanding the protective or detrimental effects of HLA subtypes in Latin America because their unique HLA diversity poses challenges for designing vaccines against HIV and interpreting results from such vaccine trials. Likewise, the description of the HLA profile in an understudied population that shows a unique HLA immunogenetic background is not only relevant for HIV immunology but also relevant in population genetics, molecular anthropology, susceptibility to other infections, autoimmune diseases, and allograft transplantation.

How different types of environmentalists are perceived: changing perceptions by the feature.

Previous research found stereotypes of environmentalists as barriers to public engagement and identification with environmentalism. Yet, there is limited understanding of the distinct attributes of an environmentalist that influence public perceptions and self-identification. In our research, we address this knowledge gap by analyzing reactions to a range of fictional environmentalist profiles. We investigated how multiple features of these profiles (e.g., gender, occupation, type of pro-environmentalism) influenced stereotypes (such as competence, friendliness, and trustworthiness), perceived typicality, and participants' self-identification with the described profiles, using a novel conjoint experiment approach with 678 US residents. We found that profiles described as women, Asians, working as a cleaner or office clerk, and politically moderate or liberal, exhibiting private to moderate environmental behaviors and global environmental concerns, were generally perceived as more typical for environmentalists. Moreover, participants most identified with profiles depicted as women, in a cleaner occupation, and exhibiting private pro-environmental behaviors. Atypical profile descriptions, based on prior research, enhanced participants' impressions only when associated with private pro-environmental behaviors or the cleaner occupation. We introduce new avenues in impression formation research and the use of conjoint analyses in psychological research; moreover, we contribute valuable input to the environmental movement regarding message framing considering the source and content relative to the targeted audience.

Revised Proposed Classifications for Typical Anthropogenic Soils in China

As global industrialization and its associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so too does the areal extent of human-altered soils. The soil classification framework must incorporate the classification schemes of these disturbed soils in order to remediate land. Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) are the most widely used soil classification systems in the world. In this study, 15 typical anthropogenic soil profiles with engineering and technical characteristics from China were selected for a classification study. The aim of this study was to clarify the classifications of these soil profiles in the ST, WRB, Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST), and Geogenetic Soil Classification of China (GSCC), and make references accordingly. The results showed that the WRB can classify these soils as Technosols in the first level. ST can classify most of these soils as subgroups within the different great groups under Entisols, as well as the Human-Altered and Human-Transported Material classes within the soil family differentiae. For Chinese soil classification schemes, there is a large loophole in the CST regarding the classification of anthropogenic soils. Many anthropogenic soils cannot reflect these soils’ artificial and technical naming characteristics. For the CST, revised proposals based on the WRB and ST were proposed. Based on the artificial disturbance of soil layers, a manufactured layer was added to the diagnostic basis. The Artificalic Anthrosols suborder was added, and it can be divided into the Transporti-Artificalic Anthrosols and Alteri-Artificalic Anthrosols groups. The subgroups were defined by their levels of contamination, imperviousness, and artifact content. The “T” layer symbol was added to soil profile descriptions to reflect a specific layer about technology, such as A, E, B, and C, to reflect the main genetic horizons. This revised classification system is proposed for inclusion in the revised CST to account for the very large and expanding extent of disturbed soils in China and to remain current with other global soil taxonomy systems.