Dermal Necrosis Research Articles

Probable cutaneous-hemolytic loxoscelism

This study delves into loxoscelism, a condition arising from the bites of Loxosceles spiders. The case revolves around a 53-year-old woman who encountered systemic toxicity marked by dermal necrosis, hemolysis, and acute kidney injury. Timely medical intervention, incorporating surgical procedures and a meropenem regimen, resulted in nearly complete recovery. The report underscores the imperative for heightened awareness, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to alleviate complications linked to loxoscelism.

Clozapine-induced pyoderma gangrenosum. A case report

IntroductionClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication which is mainly used in cases of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Although it has several advantages over other typical and atypical antipsychotic medication, such as fewer relapses and lowering the risk of tardive dyskinesia and suicide it also has a range of adverse effects which makes compliance an issue for many patients.Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis clinically characterized by painful pustules or nodules that rapidly evolve in ulcers with violaceous, undermined borders and raised periphery. The etiopathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, however PG is usually manifested in the setting of an underlying immune-mediated disease, more commonly inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and haematological malignancies.ObjectivesNevertheless, in the literature there are scarce reports of drug-induced PG.MethodsWe present the case of a 56-year-old woman with a diagnosis of refractory schizophrenia on clozapine treatment for 4 months, who was admitted to the emergency department for a skin eruption localized on the trunk, genital area and extremities. The clinical examination revealed numerous, discrete erythematous macules, papules and plaques with central necrosis, and multiple, sharply marginated ulcers with undermined, red to purple border. Further physical examination disclosed no systemic findings and laboratory analyses and skin biopsy were performed.ResultsOn work-up, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were elevated, while blood and pustule cultures were negative. Histologic examination revealed dermal necrosis and inflammation, features consistent with the diagnosis of PG. The pathergy test was positive.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsPyoderma gangrenosum is a rare autoinflammatory skin disorder of unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of the disease is not well understood, but drug-induced PG is considered to result from neutrophil dysfunction and dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Cases of drug-induced PG are rare and attributed to certain drugs. Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. It is suggested that clozapine alters plasma TNF-α levels and thus can modulate the inflammatory response. To date, a variety of adverse skin reactions (Stevens- Johnson syndrome, DRESS syndrome etc) have been previously described in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case which strongly indicates the likely association between clozapine and drug-induced PG.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Etiology of Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Morpha trutta)-Preliminary Results.

Every year, ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) affects salmonids that spend most of their lives in the sea during their migration to the rivers of northern Poland to spawn. The clinical form of the disease manifests itself in ulcerative skin lesions, which lead to significant weakening of the fish and, in most cases, result in their death. This study was carried out on samples taken from sea trout in the Słupia River in northern Poland. In order to identify the pathogen, experiments on the transmission of the disease were carried out, and additional histopathological, microbiological and electron microscopic examinations were performed. As a result of these studies, it was possible to experimentally transfer the disease from sick to healthy fish. The results indicate a complex etiology of the disease (lack of a clearly defined pathogen), in which the change in the environment from salty to freshwater triggers the related changes in skin physiology, which are the main causes of increased susceptibility to the development of the disease.

Iliac Crest Skin Necrosis: A Case Report

Cases of dermal necrosis developing after injection of local anesthetics in the upper extremities or face have previously been reported in the literature. However, local anesthetic-induced dermal necrosis in the trunk, such as above the iliac crest, has rarely been reported. This article reports a case of skin necrosis that developed over the iliac crest after injection of a local anesthetic during a surgical procedure. This suggests that close monitoring of skin circulation is required after the administration of articaine–epinephrine in the trunk area to prevent ischemic damage such as dermal necrosis.

Stevens-johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: An Overview of Diagnosis, Therapy Options and Prognosis of Patients.

Both Stevens-johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic-epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are generally medication-induced pathological conditions that mostly affect the epidermis and mucus membranes. Nearly 1 to 2 patients per 1,000,000 population are affected annually with SJS and TEN, and sometimes these maladies can cause serious life-threatening events. The reported death rates for SJS range from 1 to 5%, and 25 to 35% for TEN. The mortality risk may even be higher among elderly patients, especially in those who are affected by a significant amount of epidermal detachment. More than 50% of TEN patients who survive the illness may experience long-term lower quality of life and lesser life expectancy. The clinical and histopathological conditions of SJS and TEN are characterized by mucocutaneous discomfort, haemorrhagic erosions, erythema, and occasionally severe epidermal separation that can turn into ulcerative patches and dermal necrosis. The relative difference between SJS and TEN is the degree of ulcerative skin detachment, making them two extremes of a spectrum of severe cutaneous adverse drug-induced reactions (cADRs). In the majority of cases, serious drug-related hypercreativities are considered the main cause of SJS & TEN; however, herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections may also produce similar type clinical conditions. The aetiology of a lesser number of cases and their underlying causative factors remain unknown. Among the drugs with a 'greater likelihood' of causing TEN & SJS are carbamazepine (CBZ), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, phenytoin, aminopenicillins, allopurinol, cephalosporins, sulphonamides, antibiotics, quinolones, phenobarbital, and NSAIDs of the oxicam variety. There is also a strong genetic link between the occurrence of SJS and IEN in the Han Chinese population. Such genetic association is based on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B*1502) and the co-administration of carbamazepine. The diagnosis of SJS is made mostly on the gross observations of clinical symptoms, and confirmed by the histopathological examination of dermal biopsies of the patients. The differential diagnoses consist of the exclusion of Pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, linear IgA dermatosis, paraneoplastic pemphigus, disseminated fixed bullous drug eruption, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The management of SJS & TEN is rather difficult and complicated, and there is sometimes a high risk of mortality in seriously inflicted patients. Urgent medical attention is needed for early diagnosis, estimation of the SCORTEN prognosis, identification and discontinuation of the causative agent as well as highdose injectable Ig therapeutic interventions along with specialized supportive care. Historical aspects, aetiology, mechanisms, and incidences of SJS and TEN are discussed. An update on the genetic occurrence of these medication-related hypersensitive ailments as well as different therapy options and management of patients is also provided.

Preservation of Eschar Prevents Excessive Wound Healing by Reducing M2 Macrophages Polarization.

Removal of the eschar has gradually become a consensus on treatments of deep dermal necrosis after skin trauma in recent years, whereas exaggerated scar contracture and tissue proliferation developed during healing have received little attention. Here, the authors investigated the effects of eschar on excessive wound healing of small dermal damage and focused on the role M2 macrophages played, hoping to offer a theoretical basis to improve patients' cosmetic satisfaction. A mouse dorsal wound model (n = 12) was established by electric heating pads heating for 20 seconds on each side of the spine, and the left side was the preserved group. Macrophage numbers, expression of wound-healing-associated proteins, and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed at different time points by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A co-culture system of M2 macrophages and myofibroblasts was created in vitro. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and protein expression of myofibroblasts. Preserving eschar inhibited contraction-associated proteins (α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin) and collagen expression, inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-10, TFN-α, and IL-4) expression, and M2 macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages potentially contributed to excessive wound healing by promoting myofibroblasts proliferation, migration, and production of contraction-associated proteins. Eschar preservation in wounds could reduce inflammation and negatively modulate myofibroblasts by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization and infiltration, preventing excessive wound contraction and collagen deposition.

Anaesthetic management of an infant with severe protein C deficiency and septal cardiac defects—a case report

BackgroundProtein C deficiency is a rare genetic disorder with varying severity of symptoms and disease. The disorder may vary in presentation from a complete symptomless state to a less severe form like venous thromboembolism. The most severe form of disease is a rare condition called neonatal purpura fulminans (NPF) which is characterized with sudden progressive dermal hemorrhage and necrosis due to vascular thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In contrast, congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects are the commonest congenital heart diseases found in pediatric population. An infant presenting with systemic vascular thromboembolism secondary to protein C deficiency along with the cardiac septal defects posted for surgery will be a very challenging task to manage in perioperative period. Also, physiological mechanisms during perioperative period and surgery will promote thromboembolism leading to worsening of the situation further. So, perioperative management of such patient pose a great challenge to the anaesthesiologist. Due to rarity of the condition, there is very limited literature available.Case presentationWe report the perioperative management of a 2-month-old child suffering with neonatal purpura fulminans with atrial and ventricular septal cardiac defect, scheduled for bilateral foot amputation. The patient was a diagnosed with complete occlusion of abdominal aorta leading to foot gangrene. After initiation of anticoagulant therapy, symptoms were relieved and patient was posted for amputation of gangrenous feet.ConclusionsThere could be an increased risk of thromboembolism and bleeding due to protein C abnormality along with the chances of shunt reversal, paradoxical embolism, and other cardiac morbidities secondary to septal defects. Wise selection of anaesthetic agents like limiting the use of nitrous oxide, ketamine as much as possible to be considered. Conditions like tachycardia, hypotension, and hypothermia should also be prevented perioperatively as these could increase the chances of thrombosis.

UDN-like disease in spawners of salmonid fishes from the Rega, Parsęta, Wieprza, and Słupia rivers in 2009-2012

Abstract Since 2007 in Poland, skin lesions have been observed in salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) entering Pomeranian rivers to spawn. The clinical picture of affected fish resembled ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN), a disease of unknown etiology affecting mainly the scalps of wild salmonids. The aim of the 2009-2012 study was to determine with microbiological tests the etiological agent of the skin lesions observed in salmonids entering the Pomeranian rivers. During the study, a total of 13 species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging mainly to the Yersiniaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families were isolated and identified from the skin and kidneys of diseased fish. The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were aerobic, hemolytic granules of the genus Streptococcus. Mycological examinations on damaged fish body surfaces revealed yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula and fungi of the family Saprolegniaceae. The results of our study did not permit us to identify unequivocally the direct cause of the fish diseases analyzed since all the bacteria isolated during the study are normally found in aquatic environments. Some of the isolated bacteria identified were assumed to be potentially pathogenic to fish. The fungal infections observed were probably secondary and only exacerbated ongoing disease processes.

Potential role of climate change on the spread of salmonid skin condition: the biogeochemical hypothesis on ulcerative dermal necrosis on the Słupia River - Poland

Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) it is an idiopathic condition of fish skin that has been reported in Europe since 1820. UDN affects primarily an epidermal and dermal layer of the skin lesion, which in the early stages, occurs in the head area of migratory adult salmonids entering freshwater for upstream river migration. Studies show that acid-base water properties in estuaries are exceptionally dynamic, which results from the variability of the CO2 system. The carbonate system is shaped by the net effect of mineralization and primary production enhanced by: i) the constant inflow of nutrients and organic matter from the land and ii) the horizontal and vertical mixing of the two end-members of the total alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon and pCO2; both cause high acid-base gradients between the river and the ocean. Climate change affects the biogeochemical characteristics of estuaries. We show a strong positive correlation between local temperature anomalies along the Polish coast and the occurrence of UDN in Salmo trutta sp. spawners in the Słupia River, Poland. The results suggest that the biogeochemical processes associated with climate change may be at least one component of the UDN aetiology. They also highlight the need for systematic monitoring to understand these processes and their consequences. It is crucial for restoring and further preserving sustainability in the coastal system, which involves marine life and human well-being. Furthermore, salmonids are valuable commercial fish. Thus any health issues may have a profound effect on fisheries, local communities and the fish market in general.

Effect of lead nitrate, administered on the histology of kidney of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)

Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of lead nitratel was analyzed in the Cyprinus carpio in static bio-assay over a 96-h exposure period using probit method. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lead nitrate, administered on the histology of kidney of Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate (5 and 10 ppm) over a period of 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. In this study, various groups with one control and experimental each of 10 fingerlings of common carp were used. Investigations pertaining to the histopathological sections have shown high degree of pathological lesions observed with the passage of time. Study showed dermal necrosis, disintegration of parietal layer of glomerulus, disorganization of proximal tubule with pycnotic nuclei and excessive increase in hematopoietic tissue that spread over large area. The nuclei of renal tubules were hyperchromatic and in several cells were displaced to an apical position, Exposure of fish to lead nitrate for showed increased disintegration of glomerulus, increase in Bowman’s space of glomeruli, vacuolated proximal tubules, enlarged basement membranes of proximal and distal tubule and increased hematopoietic tissue. The results of the present study clearly indicate that chronic exposure to lead nitrate caused adverse effects on the kidney of Cyprinus carpio and also the quality of water.

Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Salmonids: A Review

Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Salmonids: A Review

Effect of adenosine triphosphate on ribociclib-induced skin toxicity in rats

Purpose Ribociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer; it inhibits the activity of CDK4/6 by competitively binding to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding sites. Although generally well-tolerated, ribociclib has been connected to a number of serious dermatologic complications. This study explored the effects of ATP on ribociclib-induced skin damage. Materials and methods Using a rat model, ATP 25 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in the ATP + Ribociclib (ATR) group (n = 6). Distilled water as solvent was applied to the healthy control (HC) group (n = 6) and ribociclib (RCB) group (n = 6). One hour after ATP and solvent administration, ribociclib (200 mg/kg) suspension prepared in distilled water was administered to the stomach by gavage (ATR and RCB groups). This was repeated once a day for 15 d. After that period, biochemical markers were studied in the skin tissues and histopathological evaluations were conducted. Results In the histopathological evaluation of the RCB group, dermal necrosis, degeneration in hair follicles, and pycnosis in keratinocytes were observed. Only mild degeneration was observed in the ATR group; the HC group had a normal histological appearance. The malondialdehyde (MDA) values were significantly higher and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total glutathione (tGSH) levels were significantly lower in the RCB group in comparison to the HC group (p < .001). ATP reduced the ribociclib-induced increases in the MDA values and decreased the SOD, CAT, and tGSH levels in the ATR group (p < .001). Conclusion ATP may be useful in the treatment of ribociclib-induced skin damage.

Angioinvasive mucormycosis in a patient with aplastic anemia

A 9-year-old boy with no past medical history was admitted for severe epistaxis and aplastic anemia of unknown etiology with hospital course complicated by bacteremia and the development of a tender plaque on the forearm. Exam revealed a violaceous plaque with peripheral erythema and central necrosis on the left dorsal forearm (Fig 1). Punch biopsies for frozen section and tissue cultures were obtained. Histopathologic exam showed epidermal and dermal necrosis with numerous fungal hyphae in the dermis and within small vessels (Fig 2, black arrow).

Commentary on "Soft Tissue Dermal Filler-Associated Necrosis and Impending Necrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature".

Commentary on "Soft Tissue Dermal Filler-Associated Necrosis and Impending Necrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature".

Soft Tissue Dermal Filler-Associated Necrosis and Impending Necrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Cosmetic soft tissue fillers are a popular minimally invasive procedure. Necrosis is a rare yet devastating complication of soft tissue fillers. To date, the relationship between soft tissue fillers and necrosis has not been fully described. To systematically compile published cases of soft tissue fillers resulting in necrosis and collect data regarding the injection, treatment, and outcome. Using PRISMA protocol, a comprehensive search for soft tissue filler necrosis was performed using no time constraints, resulting in 97 articles encompassing 192 cases of soft tissue filler necrosis containing individual-level data. Of the cases analyzed, 66.1% had progressed to necrosis, whereas 33.9% of patients had impending necrosis. Necrosis most commonly resulted from injection of the nasolabial fold (32.4%, n = 88). The filler material most commonly used was hyaluronic acid (71.9%, n = 138). Hyaluronidase was used most frequently as an initial treatment agent (19.1%, n = 88). Forty-three patients (22.4%) with necrosis had a prior minor procedure or surgery. This systematic review is an extensive overview of necrosis as a complication of soft tissue fillers. It serves as a reference tool for any clinician who injects soft tissue fillers and any provider who encounters soft tissue filler necrosis.

32963 Nivolumab-induced vasculopathy: A novel immunotherapy reaction

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, both novel and fatal adverse events continue to be reported. We present a case of a 45-year-old Caucasian woman who developed severe small-vessel vasculopathy on nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma. Eight years prior to presentation, she had a resection of a stage IA melanoma. Four months prior to presentation, she developed an axillary mass prompting CT and PET imaging with subsequent axillary node biopsy. Biopsy findings showed poorly differentiated tumor consistent with her primary melanoma and nivolumab therapy was initiated. After her 4th cycle, she presented to the ED with dusky, indurated plaques on her breasts, lower abdomen, proximal legs, and buttocks covering <30% TBSA. Initial punch biopsies showed suppurative dermatitis with hemorrhage and Gram-positive cocci. Eleven days later, these areas evolved into ulcerations with eschars. Repeat incisional biopsies showed extensive epidermal and dermal necrosis with small vessel thrombotic vasculopathy. Laboratory values including factor V Leiden, antiphospholipid antibodies, c-ANCA/p-ANCA, PT/PTT/INR, protein C & S deficiency, cryoglobulins, negative blood cultures, among other tests, excluded hypercoagulable and infectious etiologies. Given the timing of lesions and exclusion of other causes, nivolumab therapy was determined the cause of her vasculopathy and was subsequently held. Apixaban was initiated, resulting in the cessation of new lesions. This case illustrates a vasculopathy mediated by a novel mechanism secondary to immunotherapy. We believe it is essential clinicians are aware of this novel reaction and its management as late recognition could prove fatal for patients.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Local Tolerance of Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) From Subcutaneous Implant in Rabbits, Dogs, and Macaques.

The administration of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious and may benefit from new long-acting (LA) drug delivery approaches. This paper describes a subcutaneous, reservoir-style implant for the LA delivery of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and documents the preclinical assessment of implant safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (3 groups of n = 5), beagle dogs (2 groups of n = 6), and rhesus macaques (2 groups of n = 3). Placebo implants were placed in rabbits (n = 10) and dogs (n = 12). Implant parameters, including selection of the TAF form, choice of excipient, and PCL formulation were tuned to achieve targeted concentrations of the active anabolite of TAF, tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mucosal tissues relevant to HIV transmission. Sustained concentrations of TFV-DP in PBMCs over 100 fmol/106 cells were achieved in all animal species indicating that the implants effectively delivered TAF for 3–6 months. Unlike placebo implants without TAF, all active implants resulted in local adverse events (AEs) proximal to the implant ranging in severity from mild to moderate and included dermal inflammation and necrosis across all species. Despite these AEs, the implant performed as designed and achieved a constant drug release profile, supporting the continued development of this drug delivery platform.

A Novel Modification of Subcutaneous Onlay Endoscopic Repair of Midline Ventral Hernias With Diastasis Recti: An Indian Experience.

IntroductionA ventral hernia is a common problem in the population. Many patients with umbilical/epigastric hernia often present with diastasis recti (DR) too. Diastasis recti is the thinning of the linea alba with an abnormal increase in the distance between the recti without a concomitant fascial defect. The presence of diastasis recti complicates the repair of the existing umbilical/epigastric hernia. Repair of only the umbilical/epigastric hernia in the presence of DR results in incomplete repair and predisposes to recurrence. There are various options available for the repair of umbilical hernia with diastasis recti. Open hernia repairs often have unsatisfactory cosmetic outcomes and, furthermore, involve complications frequently associated with large incisions such as surgical site occurrences (SSO), pain, dermal flap necrosis, and delayed postoperative recovery, to name a few. The era of minimal access surgery leaves us with a vast array of creative solutions to the same. Laparoscopic onlay repair has been given various names in literature, e.g., minimally invasive linea alba reconstruction (MILAR), pre-aponeurotic endoscopic repair (REPA), endoscopic linea alba reconstruction (ELAR), subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach (SCOLA), and totally endoscopic assisted linea alba reconstruction (TESLAR), with similar principles for all the procedures. The average rate of seroma formation in these procedures varies from 5% to 40%. SCOLA has been used in our study, with an added modification of the operating port and limiting the extent of lateral dissection with the aid of spinal needles, resulting in restrained dissection and creation of smaller lipocutaneous flaps, leading to reduced incidence of seroma formation.MethodsPatients with symptomatic primary ventral hernia with concomitant diastasis recti were enrolled in the participating center from the period of May 2020 to December 2021. Thirty patients were enrolled for this prospective study. The patients underwent subcutaneous laparoscopic onlay repair of midline ventral hernia with diastasis recti, with plication of the defect and onlay placement of a polypropylene mesh.ResultsSix point sixty-six percent (6.66%) of the patients developed seroma and SSO. The incidence is congruent with the results available in current literature. None of the patients had necrosis of umbilical skin. There were no recurrences at the three months follow-up.ConclusionOur modification of SCOLA is an ergonomically favorable procedure and has comparable outcomes to other approaches, with minimal complications.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Blood of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and Equine Plasma after Incubation with Hemp Oil "Annabis Bio"

Industrial hemp is a multi-use crop that has been widely cultivated to produce fibers and nutrients, such as protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids, which make them a good fortifying component in food production. The antioxidant capability of hemp oils has been reported. In the current study, for evaluating the antioxidant activity of commercial hemp oil "Annabis BIO" derived from certified industrial hemp seeds without the psychoactive substance THC (Olomouc, Czech Republic), biomarkers of oxidative stress [2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidatively modified proteins (OMP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were used in models of the blood collected from adult healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), the blood of rainbow trout with clinical symptoms of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN), and equine plasma. A volume of 0.1 mL of the hemp oil was added to 1.9 mL of fish blood or equine plasma. After incubation of the mixture for 60 min with continuous stirring, biomarkers of oxidative stress were studied in samples. After in vitro incubation of hemp oil with the blood of clinically healthy rainbow trout, we noted a statistically significant decrease in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation by 55.6% (p &lt;0.05). The highest increase in TBARS level was observed after in vitro incubation of hemp oil with the blood of UDN-affected rainbow trout. In vitro incubation of hemp oil with equine plasma resulted in a statistically significant increase in the level of ketonic derivatives (by 29%, p &lt;0.05) and aldehydic derivatives of OMP (by 33.1%, p &lt;0.05). Incubation of hemp oil with the blood of UDN-affected trout resulted in a decrease of the ketonic derivative of OMP (by 43.3%, p &lt;0.05). Incubation of hemp oil with equine plasma, we observed a statistically significant decrease in TAC level by 56.6% (p &lt;0.05). Similarly, after incubation hemp oil with blood samples of UDN-affected trout, a statistically significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (by 59.3%, p &lt;0.05) was observed. The results suggest that the investigated hemp oil have shown varied antioxidant capacities. Accordingly, this study proposes that the therapeutic benefit of this hemp oil can be, at least in part, attributed to using different biological materials (blood, plasma) used in vitro in the current study.

Comparison of the zip skin closure system with conventional suture for skin closure of ventral midline incisions in horses.

To compare the application and healing of the zip skin closure system (ZSCS) with sutured closure by use of a split-scar model of ventral midline incisions in horses in a prospective, randomized experimental study. 8 adult horses. All horses underwent an exploratory ventral midline celiotomy with a standardized 30-cm skin incision. Each horse was randomized to have either the cranial 15 cm closed with suture and caudal 15 cm with the ZSCS or vice versa (split-scar model). Skin closure time was recorded and compared. Photography and skin biopsies were taken preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively. Cosmetic appearance was assessed by use of a proposed equine celiotomy incision score. Healing at 14 days was assessed by histopathology. Skin closure times were faster with the ZSCS compared to sutured incisions. At 14 days postoperatively, the cosmetic appearance (equine celiotomy incision scores) for ZSCS incisions were better than sutured closure and histologic healing scores were not different between methods of closure. Subcuticular sutures were associated with deep dermal inflammation and necrosis independent of epidermal closure methods. While limitations to the utility of the ZSCS are recognized, the potential benefits of expedient closure, good cosmetic outcome, and satisfactory healing make this method viable for closure of linear wounds or incisions in horses.