Derivative Mono Research Articles

A-stable Two Derivative Mono-Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods for ODEs

An A-stable Two Derivative Mono Implicit Runge-Kutta (ATDMIRK) method is considered herein for the numerical solution of initial value problems (IVPs) in ordinary differential equation (ODEs). The methods are of high-order A-stable for $p=q=\lbrace 2s+1\rbrace _{s=2}^{7}\ $ The $p$, $q$ and $s$ are the order of the input, output and the stages of the methods respectively. The numerical results affirm the superior accuracy of the newly develop methods compare to the existing ones.

Synthesis and characterization A derivative of levofloxacin and a study of its bacteriostatic activity

This study includes two newly synthesized prodrugs of Levofloxacin derivatives mono and dipeptide H2, where was the Synthesized monoPeptide as Levofloxacin-Histadine (L-H), as well as dipeptide H6 as Synthesis of diPeptide (phenylalanine- levofloxacin (GPA-L), using a Levofloxacin substituted. Spectroscopic data were studied for two derivative compounds H2 and H6 and reactivity indices were characterized using techniques FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. All the newly produced derivative compounds H2 and H6 have FT-IR spectra that share similarities in certain fingerprint-like bands and other bands. The essential functional group vibration bands. In the DMSO-d6 solvent, the compound H2, and H6 of 1H NMR spectra were studied, Typically, the fitted intensity ratio of the observed compound 1H NMR spectra gives, and the expected signals. The DMSO-d6 solvent was employed to record the 13C NMR spectra of levofloxacin derivatives H2 and H6. portrayed the 13C NMR spectra of generated compounds H1 through H6, comprised of the 13C NMR data. where done Further confirmation of the properties of the developed molecule emerged from 13C-NMR spectra. 1
 The bioactivity was studied for two derivative compounds H2 and H6 against three gram-positive and three gram-negative Bacteria. The mono and dipeptide prodrugs that are derivatives of levofloxacin have appeared to have excellent results against these Bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility experimental findings revealed that various bacteria had taken different approaches to the tested drugs. most bacteria isolated in gram-positive and gram-negative demonstrated severe sensitivity to the generated compounds (H2 and H6). The spectral results in the FT-IR analyses as well as the nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed the high validity of the compounds formed ( H2 and H6) interaction, as well as the biological results showed a clear positive in killing bacteria of the type of Gram-negative and Gram-Positive.

Host–Guest Complexation‐Induced Aggregation Based on Pyrene‐Modified Cyclodextrins for Improved Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence

AbstractSeveral γ‐cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives mono‐ or di‐substituted by pyrenes at the primary rim of the CD were demonstrated to aggregate into nano‐strips in aqueous solutions, with the pyrene moieties interpenetrating into γ‐CD cavities. The hydrophobic complexation‐induced aggregation provides a rigid chiral environment for the pyrenes and leads to significant electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities, giving unprecedently highgabsandglumvalues up to 4.3×10−2and 5.3×10−2, respectively. The aggregates lead to excimer emission with high quantum yields and showBCPLandBiCPLup to 338. 6 M−1 cm−1and 169.3 M−1 cm−1, respectively.

Effect of Functionalized Multiwalled CNTs on the Selective Formation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals by Electrocrystallization

The electrocrystallization (EC) of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with itaconic acid (IA) and the monoester derivatives mono...

Preparation and Enantioseparation Characteristics of a Novel β-Cyclodextrin Derivative Chiral Stationary Phase in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A novel cyclodextrin (CD) derivative mono(6(A)-N-allylamino-6(A)-deoxy)per-3-chlorine-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoylated-β-CD was synthesized and chemically immobilized onto the surface of γ-mercaptopropyl-functionalized silica gel step by step. The products were all purified and characterized and then got a substance with definitional structure. This chiral stationary phase (CSP) of 3-chlorine-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoylated-β-CD bonded on silica gel exhibited excellent separation capability for several chiral compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. In the enantiomeric separations of five racemates with a mixture of methanol and aqueous KH2PO4 buffer as the mobile phase, this CSP presented good chiral recognition performance.

Pharmacognostical Study and Development of Quality Control Parameters for Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight and Arn

Objective: To develop pharmacognostical and quality control parameters for drug Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight and Arn. (Family: Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as Somlata, is rasayana drug. Materials and Methods: Stems of S. brevistigma were collected from Jamnagar, Dwarka and Bhuj in the month of November 2008 and studied for macroscopical and microscopical characters. Quantitative microscopy and physico-chemical parameters were also performed. A pregnane derivative mono- O -acetyl bregenin was isolated from stem extract and characterized by U.V., IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. HPTLC method was developed to quantify mono- O -acetyl bregenin and generate fingerprint profile for the drug. HPTLC was performed using precoated TLC plate (silica gel 60 F 254 ) as a stationary phase and Chloroform : Methanol (9.4 : 0.6) as a mobile phase. The plate was scanned at 366nm. Results: Macroscopically and microscopically all the samples of stems were found to be similar but differed in quantitative parameters. Stems were green, cylindrical in shape having longitudinal ridges and nodes. T.S. of stems showed papillose epidermis, rosettes of calcium oxalate, non lignified fibres and latex cavities in cortex, striated cells of inner cortex and perimedullary phloem. Stone cells and abundant rosettes of calcium oxalate were found in section passing through the node. Powder showed stone cells, rosettes, fragments of pitted xylem vessels and non lignified fibres. Mono- O -acetyl bregenin was isolated by column chromatography. HPTLC chromatogram was developed and blue fluorescent spot was visualised at R f 0.5 under UV at 366nm. Mono- O -acetyl bregenin content was found to be 0.0339% w/w, 0.0399% w/w, 0.0227% w/w in samples collected from Jamnagar, Dwarka and Bhuj respectively.

Benzoporphyrin derivative mono acid for photodynamic therapy of the endometrium

The aim was to study the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the endometrium after local intrauterine application of photosensitiser (Ps) and laser light without sensitising the skin. To our knowledge Benzoporphyrin Derivative Mono Acid (BPD) was used for the first time for this purpose in the rat model. The advantage of using BPD is the fact that light of 690 nm (maximum absorption) penetrates deeper into tissue and shows less absorption by haemoglobin. Low-light level tissue fluorescence imaging revealed a distinct positive endometrium-to-myometrium ratio within the first 12 hours. Relative fluorescence was highest in the endometrial glands and lowest in the myometrium. After 12 hours the intensity of fluorescence levelled off in all compartments and values of the glands approached close to those of the other layers. REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AFTER PDT: There was a significant difference in nidations (p < 0.03) in the treated left uterine horn as compared to the untreated right horn and the control animals (light/no drug and drug/no light). HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES: Following PDT a marked atrophy of the endometrial layer was observed in most animals leaving just a single cell epithelial layer covering the myometrium. SKIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY: None of the animals showed any alterations in the light treated skin area at any time. These promising results show that PDT of the endometrium is possible after topical application of the photosensitising drug and the laser light without provoking skin sensitivity.

The Fate of Leached Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Patients Undergoing Capd Treatment

To evaluate the degree of exposure to and the fate of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its major derivatives mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH), and phthalic acid (PA) in patients undergoing regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) during a 4-hour dwell period. Prospective, controlled. Teaching hospital, Department of Nephrology. Seven elderly patients on stable CAPD using Fresenius instruments and dialysate and 6 age-matched healthy controls. During a routinely performed peritoneal equilibration test (PET), blood and dialysate samples were drawn before and 120 and 240 min after the dwell was started. In addition, blood samples were taken from a group of volunteers participating in a pharmacological study. Quantitative analysis of DEHP and its hydrolysis products was performed by selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, operating the mass spectrometer in a combined positive and negative ion chemical ionization mode. Serum concentrations of DEHP and PA were significantly higher in patients (median: 0.079 microgram/mL, range: 0.032-0.210 microgram/mL; and 0.167 microgram/mL, range: 0.097-0.231 microgram/mL, respectively) than in controls [0.0195 microgram/mL, range: 0.016-0.025 microgram/mL (p = 0.0027) and 0.0120 microgram/mL, range: 0.006-0.034 microgram/mL (p = 0.0026), respectively]. Concentration of MEHP in the fluid of CAPD bags prior to use was four times higher than that of the parent compound. During the first 4 hours of dwell time, the concentrations of MEHP and 2-EH in dialysate consistently decreased from 0.177 (range: 0.137-0.239 microgram/mL) to 0.022 microgram/mL (range: 0.005-0.058 microgram/mL) (p = 0.017), and from 0.087 (range: 0.075-0.097 microgram/mL) to 0.05 microgram/mL (range: 0.023-0.064 microgram/mL) (p = 0.017), respectively, while the concentration of DEHP remained stable. Remarkably high concentrations of PA (0.129 microgram/mL; range: 0.038-0.466 microgram/mL) were found in CAPD bags prior to use, and these concentrations tended to increase during dwell time, without statistical significance, however (0.135 microgram/mL; range: 0.073-0.659 microgram/mL, p = 0.062). Patients on CAPD are regularly exposed to considerable amounts of phthalic ester derivatives, mainly to MEHP and PA. MEHP seems to be well absorbed by the peritoneal membrane. The long-term effects of this exposure remain to be elucidated.