Deposited Copper Oxide Research Articles

Controlling the Energy Release Behavior of Aluminum Nanoparticles as Metal Fuels by Atomic Layer Deposited Copper Oxide Nanocoatings

Controlling the Energy Release Behavior of Aluminum Nanoparticles as Metal Fuels by Atomic Layer Deposited Copper Oxide Nanocoatings

Study of a Copper Oxide Leaching in Alkaline Monosodium Glutamate Solution

Oxide copper minerals are commonly extracted via acidic leaching, using acids such as H2SO4, HCl, or HNO3. These strong acids are the most widely used because of their high dissolution kinetics. However, their main concern is the high acid consumption because copper oxide deposits contain large amounts of acid-consuming gangue. This paper proposes using an alternative aqueous alkaline monosodium glutamate (MSG) system to leach copper oxide minerals. Tenorite (CuO) was used as the copper oxide mineral under study. The influence of process variables (such as temperature and glutamate concentration) and kinetics of this system on copper leaching from tenorite were studied. The results showed that temperature has a significant effect on copper dissolution rates. Increased temperature from 15 °C to 60 °C enhanced the copper extraction from 9.1% to 97.7% after 2 h. Leaching kinetics were analyzed using the shrinking core model (SCM) under various conditions, indicating that the leaching rate presented a mixed control. This method, however, fails to describe leaching for broad particle sizes due to its requirement for single-sized solid grains. This study demonstrated that a large particle size distribution in tenorite supported a successful extension of the SCM for leaching it from mixed glutamate solutions. The activation energy for the 15–60 °C temperature range was calculated to be 102.6 kJ/mol for the chemical control.

Influence of solution pH dependency on structure, optical with photoelectrochemical characteristics of SILAR deposited copper oxide thin films

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is a promising approach for converting solar energy into chemical energy, offering significant potential for renewable energy applications. In this work, the CuO thin film was fabricated with different pH value in between 8.5 ± 0.1 and 10.5 ± 0.1 via Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The Effect of pH on thickness, structural, morphological, elemental composition and optical properties were investigated by using stylus profilometry, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, UV–vis and PL. The XRD results showed that as the pH increased, the crystallite size increased from 19.24 nm to 25.62 nm, with a monoclinic phase along the (111) direction. The CuO film deposited at pH value 10.5 ± 0.1 exhibit well defined identical particle with its size in the range between 200 and 300 nm was confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. As the pH increased from 8.5 ± 0.1 to 10.5 ± 0.1, the CuO film bandgap (Eg) value reduced from 1.52 eV to 1.42 eV with indirect transition. The CuO photocathode deposited at pH 10.5 ± 0.1 shows maximum photocurrent density of 1.45 mA/cm2 at −0.1 V vs. RHE in 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows, the CuO (pH 10.5 ± 0.1) electrode have higher conductivity value of 0.6862 S/cm compared CuO at pH 8.5 ± 0.1 (0.2779 S/cm) and CuO at pH 9.5 ± 0.1 (0.4646 S/cm) electrodes.

Influence of chemistry and topography on the wettability of copper

To understand the complex interplay of topography and surface chemistry in wetting, fundamental studies investigating both parameters are needed. Due to the sensitivity of wetting to miniscule changes in one of the parameters it is imperative to precisely control the experimental approach. A profound understanding of their influence on wetting facilitates a tailored design of surfaces with unique functionality.We present a multi-step study: The influence of surface chemistry is analyzed by determining the adsorption of volatile carbonous species (A) and by sputter deposition of metallic copper and copper oxides on flat copper substrates (B). A precise surface topography is created by laser processing. Isotropic topography is created by ps laser processing (C), and hierarchical anisotropic line patterns are produced by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) with different pulse durations (D).Our results reveal that the long-term wetting response of polished copper surfaces stabilizes with time despite ongoing accumulation of hydrocarbons and is dominated by this adsorption layer over the oxide state of the substrate (Cu, CuO, Cu2O). The surfaces’ wetting response can be precisely tuned by tailoring the topography via laser processing. The sub-pattern morphology of primary line-like patterns showed great impact on the static contact angle, wetting anisotropy, and water adhesion. An increased roughness inside the pattern valleys combined with a minor roughness on pattern peaks favors air-inclusions, isotropic hydrophobicity, and low water adhesion. Increasing depth of the primary topography can also induce air-inclusions despite increasing peak roughness while time dependent wetting transitions were observed.

Study the Effect of Copper Oxide Nanorods Enhanced by Silver Nanoparticles on the Highly Sensitive Gas Sensor

In this paper, ammonia (NH3) gas sensitivity was enhanced by the development of highly dense copper oxide (CuO) nanorods on glass substrates. The layer of copper (Cu) was deposited using a vacuum thermal evaporation method. The grown layer of Cu was sequentially inserted into an oxidation furnace at (400 °C) for (120 min) under atmospheric pressure to produce copper oxide (CuO) nanorods. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles- deposited copper oxide nanoparticles were successfully enhanced via a photo assisted spray pyrolysis technique. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) NH3 gas sensor with aluminum (Al) contact electrodes was fabricated on CuO nanorods. The structure of the crystal as well as the morphology of the CuO nanorods were evaluated with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction, and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively. In order to create a high-performing MSM NH3 gas sensor, silver nanoparticles (NPs) were sprayed by the photo-assisted spray pyrolysis technique on the CuO nanorods, which are produced via the vacuum thermal evaporation method. The results showed that the modified CuO nanorods by Ag nanoparticles demonstrated great sensitivity to NH3 gas might be much improved, and the sensitivity rises from (376.4 to 700 %) , fast response and recovery times about (10.4 and 9.5 s) respectively to NH3 gas.

Ca-Doped Copper (I) Oxide Deposited via the Spray Coating Technique for Heterojunction Solar Cell Application

In this report, the morphological, optical, electrical, and photovoltaic properties of copper oxide and calcium-doped copper oxide thin films produced via the spray coating method were studied. The thermal post treatment at 300 °C in an inert atmosphere allowed us to obtain a single phase of Cu2O with 21 Ωcm of resistivity (ρ). In this study, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% Ca admixtures with copper oxide were investigated. The determined optimal calcium dopant concentration was 4 wt%. XRD analysis was used to reveal the chemical composition of the produced layers. It was found that a calcium dopant does not change the layer composition but improves its electrical parameters. Based on UV-Vis spectra, the band gap energy and Urbach energy were calculated. The morphology of produced thin films was described as smooth and nanocrystalline, corresponding to a grain size calculated based on the Scherrer equation. Finally, it was shown that the developed protocol of low-resistivity copper oxide deposition via the spray coating technique can be successfully implemented in heterojunction solar cell production. The I–V parameters of Ag/n-type CzSi/REF:CuOx and 4Ca:CuOx/Carbon were collected, and the achieved efficiency was 2.38%.

The synthesis and characterization of demulsifying poly vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Disc

Oil/water separation is still a challenging universal task. Here we fabricated an amphiphilic polymeric (APD) PVDF disc that can be used to separate free oil/water mixtures and recover the pure water from W/O emulsions. The modification of the disc includes deposition of copper oxide (CuO) was integrated on the surface via the impregnation method; the CTAB was used as a porogen to increase the roughness of the surface, Morphology of the disc was investigated by SEM and the result showed the nanoparticles were entrapped on the surface and inside the disc. FTIR results strongly predicted the correlation of CTAB, PVDF, and CuO nanoparticles of the modified disc. Separation and wettability test of the FRR% (Flux recovery ratio), permeate flux/oil rejection coefficient (R %) and the water-uptake test confirmed the antifouling properties, permeability of water, oil-rejection, and porosity of the disc. The purpose of impregnation CuO enhanced the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of the PVDF disc.

Characterization of electrochemical deposition of copper and copper(I) oxide on the carbon nanotubes coated stainless steel substrates

The nanocomposite coatings composed of carbon nanotubes and various forms of copper were prepared in the two-step process. Firstly, carbon nanotubes were coated on stainless steel substrate using electrophoretic deposition at constant current. Then, the process of electrochemical deposition using copper(II) sulphate solutions was performed under high overpotential conditions. The modification of the copper(II) cations concentration in the solution and the deposition time provided the formation of various forms of crystals. The samples and their cross-sections were observed and examined using scanning electron microscope equipped with electron dispersive spectroscopy system. The analysis of chemical composition revealed that in addition to the pure copper crystals, the crystals characterized by the presence of copper and oxygen were formed. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy was applied to determine the unknown stoichiometry of this copper oxide. The point and in-depth analysis identified copper(I) oxide in the form of different size crystals depending on the concentration of the copper(II) sulphate solution. To confirm these findings, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements were also performed. the combination of the applied methods has provided the detailed description of the preparation of the nanocomposite coatings with the proposed mechanism of copper(I) oxide formation.

Cu2O p-type Thin-Film Transistors with Enhanced Switching Characteristics for CMOS Logic Circuit by Controlling Deposition Condition and Annealing in the N2 Atmosphere

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) can be practically applied for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuits, but the electrical performances are still insufficient due to high off-current and low field-effect mobility. Here, we have demonstrated Cu2O TFTs with improved field-effect mobility and low off-current through reduction of cupric oxide (CuO) impurities and dissociative Cu defects with the combination of deposition and annealing conditions. Copper oxide was deposited by radio frequency sputtering in mixed gases of argon and oxygen. After that, the deposited copper oxide was annealed at 800 °C in the tube furnace under a N2 atmosphere instead of a high vacuum condition. The fabricated Cu2O thin film had a high crystalline quality, the ratio of dissociative Cu defects decreased from 11.3 to 3.1%, and the electrical performances of the TFT including the fabricated Cu2O thin film exhibited the field-effect mobility of 1.11 ± 0.05 cm2/V·s, the on/off current ratio of 4.68 ± 0.8 × 104, and the subthreshold swing value of 3.91 ± 0.21 V dec–1. The fabricated Cu2O TFT showed a Vth shift of 3.31 V in the transfer curve under negative bias stress. Nitrogen plays a role in promoting Cu2O phase formation while it prevents CuO phase formation during the annealing process. In addition, oxygen added during sputtering increases the ratio of CuO in the copper oxide thin film and works effectively to reduce dissociative Cu defects in the annealing process. To determine the feasibility of the CMOS logic circuit, we also demonstrated the inverter with n-type indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT and p-type Cu2O TFT, which showed a voltage gain of 14 at VDD = 20 V.

Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Structural, Optical, and Electrophysical Properties of TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Cu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on anodic titanium oxide nanotubes with copper oxide nanoparticles were formed and their structural, optical, and electrophysical properties were studied. Defects in the structure of the samples were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance and it was shown that, as a result of copper oxide deposition, CuO nanoparticles were formed on the surface of nanotubes. It was found that the conductivity of the structure decreases by several orders of magnitude with an increase in the number of deposition cycles. It was shown that this effect could be associated with the formation of TiO2/CuO heterojunctions on the nanotube surface. It was shown for the first time that an increase in the content of copper oxide in TiO2/CuxO nanocomposites was accompanied by a decrease in conductivity and an increase in the number of defects. Keywords: titanium oxide, nanotubes, nanocomposites, copper oxide nanoparticles, defects, conductivity.

Влияние условий синтеза на структурные, оптические и электрофизические свойства нанокомпозитов TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Cu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O

Nanocomposites based on anodic titanium oxide nanotubes with copper oxide nanoparticles were formed and their structural, optical, and electrophysical properties were studied. Defects in the structure of the samples were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance and it was shown that, as a result of copper oxide deposition, CuO nanoparticles were formed on the surface of nanotubes. It was found that the conductivity of the structure decreases by several orders of magnitude with an increase in the number of deposition cycles. It was shown that this effect could be associated with the formation of TiO2 /CuO heterojunctions on the nanotube surface. It was shown for the first time that an increase in the content of copper oxide in TiO2/CuxO nanocomposites was accompanied by a decrease in conductivity and an increase in the number of defects.

Pilot-scale production of highly durable bioactive and UV-protective cotton fabric by electroless deposition of copper oxide on cotton fabric

Pilot-scale production of highly durable bioactive and UV-protective cotton fabric by electroless deposition of copper oxide on cotton fabric

Impact of zinc on the physical and morphological properties of sputtered copper oxide thin films

In this study, thin films of pure and zinc (Zn) doped copper oxides were successfully deposited on a glass substrate via reactive magnetron sputtering at varying Zn concentrations. The effects of oxygen/argon ratio and dopant dosage on the structure, morphology, and topography of films were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The investigations through XRD and Raman revealed the formation of CuO, and Cu2O phases during the copper oxide deposition at 20% oxygen partial pressure, while an increase in the oxygen partial pressure up to 50% resulted in the formation of single-phase CuO. XRD spectra of the Zn-doped films indicated the monoclinic structure of CuO with a gradual increase in the cell volume from 91 A3˙ in the undoped sample to 123 A3˙ in the sample with a high dopant concentration. By increasing the applied RF power from 10 to 40 W, the cationic ratio (Zn/Zn + Cu) increased from 0.007 to 0.039. AFM analysis figured out the decrease of surface roughness from 11.04 nm in the undoped sample to 3.57 nm in the highly Zn-doped sample. In FESEM images, semi-spherical particles with uniform distribution were observed. By increasing the oxygen partial pressure from 20% to 40% in undoped samples, the average grain size was reduced from 110 to 68 nm, but doping by Zn did not affect the grain size significantly.

Copper-Modified Titania-Based Photocatalysts for the Efficient Hydrogen Production under UV and Visible Light from Aqueous Solutions of Glycerol.

In this study, we have proposed titania-based photocatalysts modified with copper compounds for hydrogen evolution. Thermal pre-treatment of commercial TiO2 Degussa P25 (DTiO2) and Hombifine N (HTiO2) in the range from 600 to 800 °C was carried out followed by the deposition of copper oxides (1–10 wt. % of Cu). The morphology and chemical state of synthesized photocatalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XANES/EXAFS X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was tested in the hydrogen evolution from aqueous solutions of glycerol under ultraviolet (λ = 381 nm) and visible (λ = 427 nm) light. The photocatalysts 2% CuOx/DTiO2 T750 and 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 showed the highest activity under UV irradiation (λ = 380 nm), with the rate of H2 evolution at the level of 2.5 mmol (H2) g−1 h−1. Under the visible light irradiation (λ = 427 nm), the highest activity of 0.6 mmol (H2) g−1 h−1 was achieved with the 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 photocatalyst. The activity of these photocatalysts is 50% higher than that of the platinized 1% Pt/DTiO2 sample. Thus, it was shown for the first time that a simple heat treatment of a commercial titanium dioxide in combination with a deposition of non-noble metal particles led to a significant increase in the activity of photocatalysts and made it possible to obtain materials that were active in hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.

Fabrication of Solar Cell Based on Copper Oxide Nanostructures Deposited Using Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition

The deposition of copper oxide utilizing a pulsed laser deposition technique employing a reactive pulsed laser as a deposition technique is the subject of this study. The wavelength of the pulsed lase used are 1064 nm, the pulse duration is 10 ns, the laser energy of 1000 mj with different substrate temperatures (200, 3300, and 400 oC). The influence of the substrate tampering on the morphological, structural, Photolumencence, and the electrical, and attributes of the fabricated solar cell was recorded and studied using a high purity cupper target and deposited on porous silicon substrates. When compared to a crystalline silicon surface, the results of AFM show a higher possibility of better absorption and hence lower reflection. The presented results revealed the properties of the fabricated solar cell as well as a noticeable improvement in the solar cell's efficiency, whether copper deposition was used or not. The deposited films at 1064 nm were monoclinic structures with a preference for the (111) direction, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination. SEM were used to study the production of nanostructures on the substrate's surface, which led to the formation of small-sized and nanostructured films.

Optical and Photolumenance Studies of Deposited CuO<sub>2</sub> Nano-Structures at Different Laser Energies Effects

The deposition of copper oxide utilizing a pulsed laser deposition technique employing a reactive pulsed laser as a deposition technique is the subject of this study (RPLD), 1064 nm, 10 Nanosecond Q-switch Nd-YAG laser with 350 °C, and 800-1200 mJ energies of laser was used to deposited a high purity target of Cupper and deposited on the quartz substrates synthesized and study the laser energies effect on the optical and photoluminescence properties.

Spectroscopic and electrical analysis of spray deposited copper oxide thin films

Copper Oxide (CuO) in thin film form is an excellent candidate for absorber layer in solar cells due to their adequate band gap, minimal cost, and large abundance. In this work, CuO thin films were grown on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique. The impact of substrate temperature and precursor concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the films were thoroughly investigated. The formation of polycrystalline tenorite phase CuO was confirmed by X-ray diffractogram. FESEM showed morphological homogeneity of the films and EDAX validated the presence of O and Cu in the samples. Spectrophotometric experiments revealed that CuO films exhibit a considerable absorption in the visible range, which gradually decreased after 800 nm. The film’s estimated band gap was near to the solar absorption band gap, indicating that they can be employed as absorber layers in solar cells. The formation of tenorite phase CuO was further confirmed by Raman analysis. The optical emission properties of the CuO films were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy revealed the presence of Cu2O in minor fraction along with CuO. Hall measurements were done to study the electrical properties like resistivity, mobility, and carrier density.

Simultaneous Electrodeposition of Reduced Graphene Quantum Dots/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite on the Surface of Carbon Ceramic Electrode for the Electroanalysis of Adenine and Guanine

AbstractIn this study, simultaneous deposition of copper oxide and electro‐reduced graphene quantum dots (ErGQDs) on the surface of carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) was reported. The prepared ErGQDs‐CuO/CCE was carefully characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques in details. According to scan rate studies in hexacyanoferrate, a remarkable increase in the surface coverage in the presence of ErGQDs was achieved. According to square wave voltammetry results, limit of detection, linear range and sensitivity of the developed biosensor for the simultaneous measurement of Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) were obtained to be 0.041 and 0.111 μM, 0.1–13 μM and 0.25–23 μM, and 4.261 and 1.311 μA μM cm−2 respectively.

Kinetic Investigation on Leaching of Copper from a Low-Grade Copper Oxide Deposit in Sulfuric Acid Solution: A Case Study of the Crushing Circuit Reject of a Copper Heap Leaching Plant

Kinetic Investigation on Leaching of Copper from a Low-Grade Copper Oxide Deposit in Sulfuric Acid Solution: A Case Study of the Crushing Circuit Reject of a Copper Heap Leaching Plant

Two-Dimensional Physical and Numerical Modelling of Copper (II)-Oxide/Silicon Hetero Junction Bipolar Transistor

Flexible and printed electronics have been widely applied due to their low cost, scalability in manufacturing, and usability in biosensors as well as wearable electronics. However, there are some limitations on fabrication of these devices including thermal limitations. Thermal constraints are of significance since ion implantation at high temperatures is one of the most important stages of fabrication; therefore, despite these limitations, fabrication of flexible BJT is practically impossible through conventional methods. In this study, copper oxide was used for the collector and emitter area of Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (DHBT) due to the low-temperature deposition of copper oxide through the printing method, and the ability to adjust the doping according to the deposition conditions. DC and high-frequency specifications of two transistors with PNP and NPN structures were simulated using two-dimensional semiconductor simulator atlas module of SILVACO software.