University Department Research Articles

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITTUDES OF VETERINARY STUDENTS IN SERBIA TOWARD FARM ANIMAL WELFARE

In this study, veterinary students from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad were surveyed to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes toward farm animal welfare. Data were collected from 431 students by survey consisting of 39 closed-ended questions divided into two parts (demographic characteristics and a five-point Likert scale). Results showed that female students, students aged 18 to 21 years, from veterinary high schools, from urban areas, with mixed diets, who own pets, were predominated. Younger students and students from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University in Belgrade agree significantly higher (p<0.001) that animal welfare is necessary for sustainable agriculture, food safety, biological functioning, emotional state, and natural behavior, as well as zootechnical procedures and rearing systems impairing the welfare of farm animals compared with students of the final year of studies, and from Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad. Female students, and younger students, from urban areas, who own pets, have more concerned attitudes regarding farm animal welfare (p<0.001). The findings of this study confirm that attitudes toward farm animal welfare are not homogeneous and are associated with students’ demographic characteristics. Also, results suggest that more attention should be paid to the curriculum and program to indirectly improve the welfare of farm animals.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LAHORE

Objective: Our study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and stunting in Pakistani children between the ages of03 to 12 years.Study design : A Cross-Sectional StudyDuration and place of study: Community Medicine Department University College of Medicine and Dentistry,UOL, Lahore from jan 2022 to jan 2023Method: The study included 65 children between the ages of 3 to 12 years. Age, sex, weight, and height were recordedfor each enrolled patient after obtaining the parents of any minors’ informed written permission. The demographicstatus of mothers was also noted. In relation to the weight of the patients that were included, the frequency of stuntingwas noted. The whole set of data was analyzed using SPSS 28.0.Results: In this research, out of 65 youngsters, 40 (60.4%) were male and 25 (39.6%) were female. The childreninvolved in the study had a mean age of 04.08±13.38 years and a mean weight of 16.15±11.49 kg. Childrenmeasured 104.05 +/- 1.18 cm on average.n-38 (56.4%) of the patients were underweight, n-43 (33.6%) werefat children, and 05 (06.2%) of the patients were very underweight. According to maternal status, the majority ofthem came from low-income families. There were 10 (12.2%) stunted children, of whom 04 (5.4%) were fat andthe remaining 07 (12%) were underweight. Of the ten children with stunting, five (54.6%) were female and four(37.3%) were male.Conclusion: This study highlights a exceptional occurrence of stunting amongst number one school youngsters inLahore, with a great proportion being underweight. Addressing maternal socioeconomic status and imposing focusedinterventions are crucial to mitigate the weight of stunting and promote healthful increase and development in thispopulation.Keywords: Stunting, Children, Lahore, Socioeconomic Status

Stressors and Strategies for Time Management among Healthcare Workers in Public and Private Medical Colleges

Objective: To uncover time management stress, coping strategies, and post-intervention intentions among diverse participants to improve practices and foster a healthier work environment. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted at the department of Pathology Fazaia medical college from Feb 15, 2024 to Feb 16, 2024. Methodology: using a questionnaire a survey was conducted and data was analyzed through SPSS software and by using graphs and tables results were illustrated. Results: the survey showed that female gender was more effected than males and participants from private sector medical colleges were more under stress and most of them belonged to province Punjab. Post work shop results were satisfying as the participants were agreed to adopt different ways for coping with stress. Conclusion: the study emphasizes the significance of tailored interventions and workshops in empowering individuals to address workplace stress of time management effectively. By recognizing stressors, employing diverse coping strategies, and fostering proactive attitudes, individuals can navigate and mitigate the impact of time management in the workplace.

COVID-19 Risk Perception, Student Engagement, Peer Team Learning and Learning Satisfaction Among Hospitality and Tourism Students in Ghana

This study examined COVID-19 risk perception, student engagement, peer-led team learning, and learning satisfaction among students in the hospitality and tourism departments in Ghanaian universities. Valid responses for this study from 440 hospitality and tourism students across four (4) universities across the country were analysed to achieve this objective. COVID-19 risk perception proved to have a significant positive impact on students’ engagement and peer team learning, but an insignificant negative influence on learning satisfaction. The results also underscored the positive role of the learning environment in driving students’ engagement and learning satisfaction including the positive bearing of students’ engagement on learning satisfaction. The study contributes to theory and practice by extending the social cognitive and self-determination theories to understand the links between COVID-19 risk perception, student engagement, peer-led team learning, and learning satisfaction among students in the hospitality and tourism departments in Ghanaian universities. Thus, the integration of social cognitive and self-determination theories in this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing learning experiences during the pandemic.

Real-Life Evidence of Mepolizumab Treatment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Multicentric Study

Background: The introduction of biological drugs in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is allowing new and increasingly promising therapeutic options. This manuscript aims to provide a multicenter trial in a real-life setting on Mepolizumab treatment for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP with or without comorbid asthma. Methods: A retrospective data analysis was jointly conducted at the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery departments of La Sapienza University and San Camillo Forlanini Hospital in Rome. Both institutions participated by sharing clinical information on patients with CRSwNP treated with Mepolizumab. Patients were evaluated before starting Mepolizumab, at six months and at twelve months from the first drug administration. During follow–up visits, patients underwent endoscopic evaluation, quality of life assessment, nasal symptoms assessment, and blood tests to monitor mainly neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and IgG, IgA, and IgE assay. Results: Twenty patients affected by CRSwNP and treated with Mepolizumab were enrolled (12 females and 8 males with a mean age of 63.7 years). Sixteen patients (80%) had concomitant asthma. During follow-up, a gradual improvement in nasal polyp score, quality of life and nasal symptoms, assessed by SNOT-22 and VAS and loss of smell measured by olfactory VAS, was found. Regarding blood tests, eosinophils decreased gradually, while other blood parameters showed no statistically significant changes. Conclusions: Mepolizumab has been shown to be effective in the therapeutic management of patients with CRSwNP. Further studies are needed to support our findings and better understand the underlying immune pathways to predict patients’ response to biological treatment in CRSwNP.

Causes and Patterns of Dental Extraction in Dental College of Sebha University

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the primary cause of permanent teeth extraction among patients attending the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) department of dental college, Sebha University, and its correlation with age, gender, and tooth type. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over ten months; and included 509 patients aged 16-90 years, who underwent tooth extraction. Variables studied were the patient's age, gender, tooth type, and extraction cause. SPSS was used for data analysis, and Chi-Square and ANOVA tests were used to evaluate variables associated with the cause of tooth loss. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 509 permanent teeth were extracted, males (62.1%) and females (37.9%). The primary reasons for tooth extraction were dental caries (76.62%), mobility (10.80%), prosthodontics (6.86%), orthodontics, and impaction (2.95%). The most common age group was 36-45 years (24.36%) and 26-35 years (23.38%). The highest percentage of tooth extraction was in the third and first molars (29.1% and 24.4%, respectively), and the lateral incisor (1.77%) was the lowest. There was an insignificant association between the cause of extraction and gender; a significant association between the cause of extraction and age p<0.001; and a significant association between (gender and age) with tooth type p< 0.001. Conclusion: dental caries was the main reason for tooth extraction in OMFS department, dental college, Sabha University.

The Possible Impact of Department Teaching Culture on Teaching Styles of New Teachers: A Case Study of a Swedish University Department Focused on Engineering Education

Understanding the influence of teaching culture (tradition) within academic departments is crucial for new teachers navigating the complex landscape of higher education. This paper investigates the possible impact of the department’s teaching culture on the pedagogical approaches of new teachers, forming their teaching style, concentrating on insights gathered from interviews with experienced colleagues in a Swedish university department with a focus on engineering education. By exploring the department’s teaching traditions and identifying potential challenges faced by new teachers, this study offers valuable insights into enhancing teaching styles and fostering student engagement. Drawing upon both experiential knowledge and insights from pedagogic literature and courses, the authors provide practical strategies to overcome obstacles and promote operative teaching practices. Ultimately, the outcomes of this study aim to empower new teachers to create enriching learning environments that promote student motivation, engagement, and overall academic success, aligning with the findings of existing literature on pedagogy and student learning outcomes.

Exploring the Superior Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet-Rich Plasma Co-Administration Over Hyaluronic Acid Alone in Pain Reduction and Functional Status Improvement of Knee Osteoarthritis Patients

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether concurrent injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would enhance therapeutic effectiveness compared to HA alone in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) over a 12-month follow-up. Methodology: A prospective, comparative study was conducted in department of orthopedic Nawaz Sharif Medical College / Aziz Bhatti Shahed Hospital Gujrat from Jan 2023 To Dec 2023 on 100 patients with knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III). The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, consisting of 50 patients, received intra-articular HA injections, while Group 2, comprising the remaining 50 patients, received a combination of HA and PRP. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at baseline, and at 2, 6, and 12-months post-injection. Results: Assessments at baseline, 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-injection revealed significant improvement in both groups compared to baseline. However, patients in Group 2 (HA+PRP) showed significantly greater improvement than those in Group 1 (HA alone), with WOMAC scores at 2-, 6-, and 12-months yielding p-values of 0.001*, 0.001*, and 0.000*, respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that the combination of PRP and HA is more effective than HA alone in reducing pain and improving joint function in patients with knee OA. The findings suggest that PRP+HA offers superior benefits for managing knee osteoarthritis compared to HA alone.

Impact of 3D virtual reality on teaching and learning human anatomy among undergraduate students

Objective: To assess how impact 3D-VR is in improving the retention of human anatomy knowledge among undergraduate students compared to traditional methods. Methodology: This convergence mixed method study was carried out in anatomy department of HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, from February to December 2023. The study was evaluated learning outcomes, specifically knowledge retention score in short-term and long-term, in undergraduate students by 3D-VR vs traditional models. Additionally, it sought to capture experience of students and perspectives by 3D-VR teaching and learning method. Results: The post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) by 3D-VR in both groups of male and female was significant high than traditional method (p ? 0.001). 3D-VR also achieved significant high follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in both groups compared to traditional method. While the knowledge score in all tests of 3D-VR and traditional method for females was high than males. Post-test score (indicative of short-term knowledge retention) and follow-up score (indicative of long-term knowledge retention) in 3D-VR method of females was significant high than males (p ? 0.001). Conclusion: 3D-VR is effective method for knowledge retention in short-term and long-term in undergraduate students. Undergraduate students demonstrated 3D-VR as a learning method that offers substantial advantages for studying human anatomy versus traditional method.

“Is it Hard Out Here for a Player?”: Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Athletic Identity Among College Student Athletes

It is unclear what impact, if any, early experiences with trauma may have on athletic identity. Athletic identity may serve as a protective shield for those who have adverse childhood experiences. Self-identifying as an athlete as opposed to the identity that experienced the trauma could be a defense mechanism for self-protection. The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and athletic identity as well as determine any influence from gender, ethnicity, and sport in a group of college athletes. Using Qualtrics software, 102 collegiate athletes currently enrolled in higher education institutions across varying NCAA divisions within the United States completed three measures: Personal Data Form, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), and Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey (ACES). Results found adverse childhood experiences were not significantly associated with Athletic Identity. However, results did show a difference between men and women, with a significant relationship between adverse childhood experiences and athletic identity in men but not women. Upon further examination, it was found that for men, consideration of ethnicity in conjunction with gender highlighted an even stronger relationship among Black men specifically. Implications for these findings, suggestions for university athletic departments, and recommendations for future research were made.

Frequency of Distant Metastasis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma- A Descriptive Analysis

Introduction: The presence of distant metastases is one of the important predictive factors of poor outcomes in patients with thyroid carcinoma. It is rarely observed at early presentation of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This study aimed to analyze the frequency of distant metastasis in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, and Department of Otolaryngology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from July 2011 to Jun 2012. A total of 40 patients were selected as study subjects by simple random sampling technique. A descriptive analysis of data was carried out by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) 22.0 for Windows. Result: In this study, a majority (35, 87.5%) of the patients suffered from papillary carcinoma, followed by (5,12.5%) follicular carcinoma. Considering the distant metastasis, 2 (5.71%) patients had metastasis to the lung among the patients with papillary carcinoma (n=35). 1 patient had lung metastasis and another 1 patient had bony metastasis among the follicular carcinoma patients. In terms of distant metastasis, 50% of the patients had distant metastasis from each papillary and follicular carcinoma. Conclusion: This study concludes that metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is not uncommon. Distant metastasis is more common in follicular thyroid carcinoma than papillary carcinoma. Lung and bone metastasis are common regarding the site of metastasis.

The Need for Sport Social Workers in College Athletics

College sports place significant pressure on student-athletes and necessitate the recognition and resolution of social, emotional, and environmental needs. To provide comprehensive support, the integration of social work professionals with sport expertise in college athletic departments is proposed. By encompassing mental health support, advocacy, and the resolution of challenges pertaining to well-being and identity, the application of social work principles provides student-athletes a well-rounded college athletic experience. Education and training for sport social workers are highlighted as crucial aspects for effectively navigating the complexities of college athletics. These specialized programs equip social workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide effective support to student-athletes. By considering their unique needs within the college context, sport social workers can contribute to the development and success of student-athletes. This article emphasizes the significance of addressing the well-being of student-athletes in college athletics through the integration of sport social work principles. In doing so, a supportive environment can be cultivated, promoting the student-athletes’ overall development and success. A focus on inclusivity and the application of social work principles in youth sports further highlights the broader impact that social work can have in addressing social issues.

A bicaudatus sartorius muscle: a rare variant with potential clinical implications.

Sartorius muscle (SM) belongs to the thigh anterior compartment musculature. It corresponds to the longest muscle of the human body, while its variations are described rarely. The current case reports aims to describe a distal bifurcation of the SM, forming the bicaudatus SM variant. M: ETHODS: An 84-year-old male cadaver was dissected for educational and research purposes at the Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. On the left lower limb, the SM was typically originated from the anterior superior iliac spine. After 351.22 mm length, it was bifurcated into an anterior and posterior part. Both muscular parts were contributing to the pes anserinus morphology. Femoral nerve branches were providing innervation to the variant muscle, while the saphenous nerve and vein were coursed posteriorly to the variant muscle. SM morphological variability is described quite rarely. The current case report corresponds to the bicaudatus SM variant. Accessory parts of SM could lead to compression symptoms to the femoral nerve anterior branches, as well as to the saphenous nerve.

The American Psychological Association and antisemitism: Toward equity, diversity, and inclusion.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in American Psychologist on Jul 15 2024 (see record 2025-04658-001). In the article, three sentences and a reference were redacted related to proceedings against a university concerning its psychology program because appropriate context was not provided in the article. All versions of this article have been corrected.] This article calls for the American Psychological Association (APA) to proactively include the elimination of antisemitism or prejudice against Jewish people in its current mission to disassemble all forms of racism from its organization as well as society. In this article, Jews (estimated as 2.4% of the population) are defined as a people with a common identity, ethnicity, and religion as they experience prejudice; their intersection in Jewish identity; the history and characteristics of antisemitism and its current manifestation in public life, academic institutions, and psychology. Despite Jews having made major contributions to the development of psychology as a profession, historically through the first half of the 20th century, Jews were systematically discriminated against within the discipline of psychology through quotas for acceptance into graduate training, discriminatory employment practices in university psychology departments, and most egregiously through the espousing of "scientific racism" including eugenics by prominent leaders in the APA. We describe how historically leaders in the APA engaged in overt and covert antisemitism while the APA continues to do little or nothing to combat it. We then offer suggestions for the mitigation and elimination of this form of bias, discrimination, and hate as it once again escalates in society. We recommend that the APA engages in research about antisemitism, its predictors, consequences, and power; evaluates the efficacy of intervention programs; encourages contact with various multicultural minoritized groups; and disseminates knowledge to educate about the psychological effects of antisemitism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Positive Discipline Impact on Students’ Self-Esteem in EFL Class in Tertiary Level

This research investigates the impact of positive discipline on students’ self-esteem and how it is implemented. A pre-experimental study followed by observation was applied in this research. This research was carried out at an English department of an Islamic University in Salatiga, Indonesia. An English class consisting of 33 students was chosen through cluster random sampling, and an English teacher was the sampler of this research. The pre-post-test was given to 33 students and adapted from Sorensen’s Self-Esteem Questionnaire. The observation was also employed to gather further information on how the teacher implemented positive discipline in the class. Positive Discipline practices in the class are reflected in how the teacher motivates students, praises students’ work, helps students’ problems, and involves students in arranging learning. Further, the mean score of students’ self-esteem questionnaire is decreasing, which means their self-esteem is increasing. Although they are classified in similar levels from 18.42 (severely low self-esteem) to 17.12 (severely low self-esteem), they have improved their self-esteem score. On the other hand, the result of the paired sample T-test represents the less significant positive discipline effect on self-esteem. The paired sample T-test value is 0.092, which is higher than 0.05. Thus, implementing positive discipline over extended periods in EFL learning might significantly affect students’ self-esteem.

A HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA

Introduction: Fallopian tubes are complex structures 1. Fallopian tubes are part of female genital tract named after Italian physician Gabriele Fallopias in 16thcentury 2,16. Fallopian tube lesions are non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Non neoplastic lesions are the major cause of sterility13. Present study was under taken with objectives of study all histomorphological lesions of fallopian tubes in bilateral salphigoophorectomised patients. Material and methods: A total number of 249 specimens of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Histosalphingooophorectomy cause were studied in the department of pathology SDM College of medical sciences and Hospital Dharwad over a period of 7 years form July 2012 to June 2019. The clinical data, gross and microscopic findings were studied. Incidence and prevalence were calculated. Results: In our study Hydrosalphinx (20.1%) is the commonest finding, Tubal atypia 14.9%, Tubal metaplasia 14%, acute salphingitis 9.2%, Metastatic lesions 6%, Hematosalphinx 6.8%, fallopian tube showing STIC lesions 3.6%, TuberculousSalphingitis 3.2% Conclusion: Fallopian tube lesions present with different pathological findings. Precursors of malignancy in fallopian tube has to be thoroughly examined.

Lessons From an Exploratory Qualitative Survey on Simulation Opportunities for Clinical Education in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology in South Africa

Phenomenon : This study explored experiences of simulation-based clinical education in the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology professions in South Africa, a Global South context where research on this topic is limited. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic brought simulation to the forefront of clinical education as a training solution when in-person encounters were impossible. As these simulation-based training approaches gain traction, with continued use post-pandemic, it is important to understand how they are currently being used so that appropriate support can be offered to ensure their efficiency and success in the future. Approach : We distributed a survey to South African university departments offering Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology training, inviting participation from students across years of study and clinical educators. Data were collected between October 2022 and February 2023. Twelve responses were received: three from clinical educators and nine from students. We analyzed the responses using descriptive statistics and a domain summary approach. Findings : Simulated activities were implemented as options for clinical education in South African Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (SLP/A) programs during the pandemic, albeit in a somewhat haphazard way depending on available resources, often with limited preparation or guidance. Some universities have continued using aspects of simulation training post-pandemic. Insights : Our findings, although preliminary, are somewhat consistent with Global North literature, particularly regarding barriers and challenges to implementing these approaches in clinical education. We offer suggestions for enhancing the support of simulation-based clinical education in our context.

Determinants of sports performance of athletes in Nigeria National School Sports Festival

The study assessed the determinants of sports performance by athletes in the Nigeria National Sports Festival. To achieve this purpose, the ex-post facto research design was used. The sample size of 400 athletes was randomly selected from the population of 14,000 athletes. The instrument for data collection is a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by experts from Ahmadu Bello University's Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education in Zaria and pilot-tested with athletes in schools in Zaria, Nigeria. The instrument has a Cronbach Alpha reliability rating of 0.889, which is considered reliable for the study. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The null hypotheses were analyzed using inferential statistics of chi-square at 0.05 level of significance using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result revealed that: training significantly determines the sports performance of athletes in Nigeria National Sports Festival (χ2 = 127.34, p = 0.000), and facilities significantly determine the sports performance of athletes in Nigeria National Sports Festival (χ2 = 108.10, p = 0.000). Based on the findings, the study concluded that training and facilities are determinants of sports performance by athletes in the Nigeria National Sports Festival. Based on the conclusion, the study recommended the need for qualitative training programs for the athletes to update them on the current developments in sports and the need for the government and school administrators to ensure that sports facilities are provided in adequate quantity and continuously maintained to enhance athlete's performance in the Nigeria National School Sports Festival.

Epidemiological profile of reported road traffic accident cases to emergency medicine department of a teaching medical college in South Karnataka

Epidemiological profile of reported road traffic accident cases to emergency medicine department of a teaching medical college in South Karnataka

Principal Change Management Processes and Secondary School Goal Attainment in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study investigated principals' change management processes and secondary school goal attainment in Cross River State, Nigeria. To meet the study's objectives, three research questions were posed, and three null hypotheses were developed to lead the investigation. The literature review was based on the variables and hypotheses that had been developed. For the study, a survey research design was used. The population of the study comprised two hundred and ninety (290) secondary school teachers in Yala Local Government Area in Cross River State. However, the sample size selected for this study comprised one hundred and sixty-two (162) secondary school teachers in the study area who answered the questionnaire. The main instrument used was a research questionnaire titled Principal Change Process and Secondary School Goal Attainment Questionnaire (PCMPSSGAQ), which had been verified by two researchers from the University of Calabar's Department of Vocational Education. Regarding the research questions, the acquired data was evaluated using the standard deviation as well as the mean. The degree of consensus or discord was calculated by taking the mean across the nominal scores assigned to each choice. The mean score of the scale was 2.50 on a 4-point rating scale. Comparably, the hypotheses were assessed using an independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The results of the investigation indicate that staff training, communication of the change process, and change process supervision have a substantial influence on secondary school achievement of objectives. It was recommended that the secondary school board of Cross River State prioritize staff training and retraining programs in the secondary school system for goal achievement.