Sex as a biological variable in human dental pulp stem cells: An exploratory epigenomic and transcriptomic comparison.

Lyophilized L-PRF enhances the bioactivity and rheological properties of 3D-printed and bioprinted scaffolds containing Dental pulp stem cells.

To investigate the effects of galactomannan extracted from Caesalpinia ferrea seeds on dentin permeability and its cytocompatibility with oral cells. Sixty dentin discs were treated with EDTA for 5 min and, after determining maximum permeability, randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12): distilled water (DW), potassium oxalate (PO), 1% juca seed galactomannan (JSG1), and 2% juca seed galactomannan (JSG2). Dentin permeability was measured again after treatment and after a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycle (four daily immersions in 0.3% citric acid for 5 min, followed by 60 min in artificial saliva, with brushing after the first and last challenges). Treatments were reapplied daily. The percentage of dentin permeability (%Lp) was calculated relative to maximum permeability. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cytotoxicity was tested in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). After treatment, no significant differences in permeability were observed among groups (p > 0.05). Following cycling, JSG2 showed significantly lower permeability than DW (p < 0.05). Only DW exhibited a significant increase in permeability over time (p < 0.05). SEM images revealed that PO and JSG2 maintained partially obliterated tubules even after cycling. Cytotoxicity assays showed cell viability near 100% for HGF and 88% for DPSC at the highest juca seed galactomannan (JSG) concentration, confirming cytocompatibility. JSG at 2% concentration partially occluded dentinal tubules, preserved dentin permeability under erosive-abrasive conditions, and demonstrated cytocompatibility with HGF and DPSC.

Acellular dental pulp and allogeneic cells for strategic pulp regeneration.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Lysate Sustained-Release Nano-Hydrogel Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Intrinsic Apoptosis.

Apelin-13 enhances the neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

SA/HA double-network hydrogel combined with PVDF electret membrane enhances osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and promotes mandibular bone defect repair.

Dual-targeting nanotherapy disrupts fungal-bacterial synergy to reprogram inflammatory microenvironments in periodontitis.

Targeting oral cancer with MicroRNA-based therapeutics: The role of tumor-suppressor miRNAs and exosome delivery.

The role and molecular mechanism of Shikonin in promoting odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells.

Hypoxia-preconditioned dental pulp stem cell exosomes deliver miR-210-3p to reprogram macrophages and promote pulp regeneration through NF-κB1 targeting

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play pivotal roles in the regeneration of pulp-dentin complex, yet their odontogenic differentiation is critically modulated by the inflammatory microenvironment. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress, is highly enriched in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and exerts critical functions. However, its precise mechanisms in inflammatory regulation and cellular differentiation remain elusive. This study elucidates the PERK-centred regulatory mechanism in MAMs that governs inflammation-impaired odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, potentially involving IP3R-dependent calcium flux and dynamic protein interactions in MAMs. Rat pulpitis models and in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory models of hDPSCs were established to investigate the effects of PERK signalling in odontogenesis under inflammatory conditions. Lentivirus-mediated silencing of PERK was performed to evaluate its role in LPS-induced inflammation. Molecular mechanisms were analysed using RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. LPS stimulation activated the PERK signalling pathway, significantly upregulating MAM-related molecules (IP3R, VDAC1, GRP75) and enhancing PERK/VDAC1 colocalization and the formation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling structures. PERK silencing effectively mitigated LPS-induced mitochondrial swelling, ER dilatation, and calcium influx dysregulation, while restoring alkaline phosphatase activity and odontogenic differentiation potential. Mechanistically, PERK suppressed hDPSC mineralization by modulating IP3R-mediated calcium signalling pathway in MAMs. This study demonstrates that LPS-induced inflammatory stress reprograms hDPSCs bioactivity via PERK-centric control of MAMs likely through quantitative enhancement, structure specialization, and functional potentiation. The underlying mechanisms may involve IP3R-mediated regulation of calcium ion influx and protein interactions within MAMs.

Influence of laminarin on adhesive bond stability, MMP activity, and collagen cross-linking in caries-affected dentin.

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Restores Diabetic Dentin Regeneration via AKT/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Axis.

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an established therapy for malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders; however, clinical application remains constrained by limited graft availability and challenges in maintaining stemness during ex vivo manipulation, as well as transplant-related complications. Accordingly, alternative strategies to generate hematopoietic-competent cells from accessible stem cell sources are being actively explored. This study investigated whether OCT3/4 overexpression enhances the hematopoietic trans-differentiation potential of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) and whether the resulting HSC-like cells exert therapeutic effects in a cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppressed mouse model following intra-femoral delivery. OCT3/4 was introduced into DMSCs using the Neon transfection system, and OCT3/4-overexpressing DMSCs (DMSCsOCT3/4+) were subsequently exposed to hematopoietic cytokines to induce an HSC-like phenotype. Cytokine-treated DMSCsOCT3/4+ exhibited a rounded morphology, increased expression of HSC-associated surface markers (CD34 and CD45), and upregulated hematopoietic transcription factors, including GATA2, C/EBPα, RUNX1, and SCL. The derived HSC-like cells (D-HSCs) were transplanted into the femoral bone marrow cavity of myelosuppressed mice, and therapeutic outcomes were assessed by complete blood counts and histological analyses. D-HSC transplantation was associated with recovery of bone marrow cellularity and partial restoration of spleen and thymus cellularity and size, accompanied by improvement in body weight and peripheral blood parameters compared with myelosuppressed controls. Collectively, these findings indicate that OCT3/4-enhanced DMSCs can be directed toward an HSC-like state under hematopoietic cues and that the resulting cells may support hematopoietic and immune recovery in myelosuppressed hosts, supporting their potential as an alternative, autologous cell source for hematopoietic regeneration.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with demonstrated potential for regenerating dental and periodontal tissues. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the regenerative potential, biological properties, and translational prospects of DPSCs in dental and periodontal tissue engineering, based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical interventional studies published between 2010 and 2025. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus using combinations of keywords related to DPSCs, dental/periodontal regeneration, and tissue engineering. Quality assessment was performed using the Downs and Black checklist, and the risk of bias was also evaluated with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. A total of 12 interventional studies (9 experimental and 3 clinical trials) were included. DPSCs consistently indicated high proliferation, multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory capacity, and resistance to inflammatory and senescence-inducing conditions compared to other mesenchymal stem cell sources. Preclinical studies demonstrated the enhanced regeneration of dental pulp, dentin, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone using DPSCs, with or without scaffolds and bioactive cues. Clinical trials reported the safety of autologous DPSCs and improvements in pulp vitality, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bone defect filling; however, sample sizes were limited, and evidence for superiority over standard therapies remains preliminary. DPSCs possess significant regenerative potential for dental and periodontal tissue engineering, supported by robust preclinical evidence and early clinical studies. Nevertheless, clinical translation is constrained by limited trial data, methodological heterogeneity, and regulatory challenges. Future research should focus on standardized protocols, long-term clinical outcomes, and integration with advanced tissue engineering strategies such as biomimetic scaffolds, organoids, and gene-editing approaches to fully realize the therapeutic potential of DPSCs.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Dentinogenesis and Their Potential Role in Pulp Tissue Regeneration: A Scoping Review.

Secreted Peptidome Profiling of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium During Odontogenic Differentiation.

Deoxynivalenol induces the p21-mediated G₂/M arrest and upregulation of differentiation markers in human dental pulp stem cells.

Chitosan nanoparticles promote TGF-Β1 release from dentin and support stem cell attachment and differentiation in vitro.