Dental Arch Relationships Research Articles

Midfacial growth and dental arch relationships in bilateral cleft palate following secondary alveolar bone grafting and orthodontic intervention: Factors predicting a Le Fort I osteotomy at age 18

ObjectiveTo evaluate midfacial growth and dental arch relationships in patients treated for bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Materials and MethodsData were collected from all patients with BCLP treated at our hospital between 2004 and 2014, with or without premaxillary osteotomy (PO). Dental casts for pre-secondary alveolar bone grafting with PO (SABG + PO) and end-point dental casts were analyzed using the BAURU yardstick scoring system. Pre-SABG + PO, post-SABG + PO, and end-point SABG + PO lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The correlation between both scoring systems was calculated. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the BAURU scores for centers in a previous study and those collected here. A negative correlation was found between the pre-SABG + PO ANB (Angle between A-point, Nasion and B-point) angle and pre-SABG + PO BAURU scores (R = −0.58; p = 0.000), the long-term post-SABG + PO ANB and mean end-point BAURU (R = −0.50; p = 0.000), and the pre-SABG + PO ANB and mean end-point BAURU (R = −0.51; p = 0.000). ConclusionWe found no significant difference between pre-SABG + PO and end-point BAURU scores. There was a decrease in the SNA (Angle between Sella, Nasion and A-point) and ANB angle over time, indicating delayed growth of the maxilla. We found a negative correlation between the pre-SABG ANB and end-point BAURU scores. Pre-SABG ANB can be used to predict the need for Le Fort I osteotomy at age 18.

Mean GOSLON Yardstick Scores After 3 Different Treatment Protocols-A Long-term Study of Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

(1) To evaluate dental arch relationships, with the Great Ormond Street, London and Oslo (GOSLON) Yardstick, of participants with Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and treated with 1-stage palatal closure with 3 different surgical protocols (2) to compare the mean GOSLON ratings with other CLP centers. Retrospective study of medical charts and dental models. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Eighty-seven patients with UCLP operated with 1-stage palatal repair. Thirty-five were operated with Veau-Wardill-Kilner (VWK) technique 1975 to 1986, 31 with minimal incision technique (MIT) from 1987 to 1997, and 21 according to MIT with muscle reconstruction (MITmr) 1998 to 2004. Dental casts at ages 5 (n = 87), 7 to 8 (n = 27), 10 (n = 81), 16 (n = 61), and 19 (n = 35) years were rated by 10 assessors with the GOSLON Yardstick. Information of other interventions was retrieved from patients' charts. Mean GOSLON ratings. A total of 82% of the participants were rated as having excellent to satisfactory outcome. Weighted κ statistics for the 10 assessors was good for inter-rater agreement and good/very good for intra-rater agreement. The mean GOSLON score in the Stockholm overall material at age 10 was 2.67. The VWK technique resulted in a greater need of orthognathic surgery than the MIT ( P < .01). The MITmr did not produce better dental arch relationships than MIT at age 5 ( P < .05). The best dental arch relationships were found in the MIT group at 10 years, mean 2.58, which is not significantly different from other centers with excellent outcome except Gothenburg and Vienna.

Reliability of a Categorical Scale (GOSLON) and a Continuous Scale (10-cm Visual Analog Scale) for Assessing Dental Arch Relationships Using Conventional Plaster and 3D Digital Orthodontic Study Models of Children With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

To assess reliability of scoring plaster models and their 3D digital copy of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) using a continuous scale (10-cm visual analog scale [VAS]) and a categorical scale (GOSLON Yardstick). Reliability observational study involving 3 trained GOSLON Yardstick assessors blinded to the origin of the models. Models from 35 New Zealand (NZ) and 35 Oslo CUCLP patients were standardized and randomly ordered before rating. Assessments were undertaken using the GOSLON and the VAS for both model formats. Twenty percent of sample were randomly selected and rescored at the first assessment, and whole sample was rescored 1 week later. Weighted κ was used to assess GOSLON reliability, while correlation was used for the VAS. The VAS and GOSLON intra- and inter-rater agreement was similar for both model formats. Repeat measurements on the day have similar intra-rater reliability as repeat measurements at least a week part. There was no significant difference between the 2 model formats, and both the GOSLON and VAS found the NZ models were significantly worse than Oslo. A 10-cm VAS is a reliable method to assess dental arch relationships and appears to have good face validity when compared to GOSLON. The VAS allows for statistically robust rankings of the dental arch relationships, although more studies will be required to enable the VAS scores to have greater clinical meaning. The 3D digital models can be used for GOSLON and VAS rankings with a high degree of reliability.

Dental Arch Relationships and Reverse Headgear Effects in Southern Chinese Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Study.

To evaluate the severity of the dental arch relationships and the treatment outcomes of reverse headgear (RHG) in southern Chinese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). A retrospective study. Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Thirty-eight UCLP patients with complete records. Among them, 14 were later treated with RHG (RHG group) and 24 were under review (non-RHG group) before definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Study models at T1 (aged 9.4 ± 0.4 years old), prebone grafting and before any orthodontic treatment started; T2 (aged 11.3 ± 0.6 years old), after bone grafting, and RHG treatment (RHG group) or under review (non-RHG group); and T3 (aged 15.3 ± 3.2 years old), pretreatment of definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. With satisfactory intra- and interexaminer agreement proven by the kappa value, the dental arch relationships of the study models at T1, T2, and T3 were assessed by a solo calibrated examiner using the GOSLON Yardstick. The median GOSLON score for southern Chinese patients with UCLP at T1 was 4.0. Sixty percent of the patients were categorized as "poor" at T1. RHG significantly improved dental arch relationships from T1 to T2, and the improvement was maintained until T3 assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick. The dental arch relationships in southern Chinese UCLP patients at 8 to 10 years old are unfavorable. RHG treatment shows positive effects in improving the dental arch relationships in UCLP patients, as assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick.

Treatment Outcome of Bangladeshi UCLP Patients Based on Both Phenotype and Postnatal Treatment Factors using Modified Huddart Bodenham (mHB) Index.

To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR. Retrospective study. School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR. The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was -8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.

Use of Bauru Yardstick in Patients With Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at an Indian Center.

To evaluate dental arch relationship in treated bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) cases at an Indian cleft center using the Bauru yardstick. Digital photographs of the dental cast of 50 consecutively treated patients (28 males and 22 females) with nonsyndromic BCLP at an Indian cleft center were rated by 2 examiners as per the Bauru yardstick for the 12-year-old age group. The average age group was 12 ± 0.62 years. All cases were treated with same surgical protocol. The inter-examiner agreement between the 3 examiners was found to be very high, with weighted kappa values ranging from 0.894 to 0.951. The intraexaminer agreement between the 2 examinations for all the examiners was also found to be very high, with weighted kappa values ranging from 0.894 to 0.931. Seventy-eight percent of patients were rated with a Bauru yardstick score of 1+2. In addition, 10% of patients were rated with a score of 3, 8% as 4, and 4% as 5. The overall Bauru yardstick score for the center was 2.36. The protocol followed for the repair of BCLP cases by the center was found to be a good regimen in regard to the Bauru yardstick score.

Transverse Dental Arch Relationship and Occlusion in Surgically Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Egyptian Children

Transverse Dental Arch Relationship and Occlusion in Surgically Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Egyptian Children

Dentoalveolar Effects of Early Orthodontic Treatment in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

No agreement exists on the most appropriate timing of orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of early orthodontic treatment on development of the dental arches and alveolar bone.A dental casts analysis was performed on 28 children with cleft lip and palate before orthodontic treatment (T0; mean age, 6.5 ± 1.7) and at the end of active treatment (T1; mean age, 9.2 ± 2.1 years). The considered variables were: intercanine and intermolar distances; dental arch relationships, evaluated according to the modified Huddart/Bodenham system.The study group was divided into 2 samples according to the age at T0: Group A (age < 6 years) and Group B (age ≥ 6 years). A statistical comparison of the treatment effects between the 2 samples was performed.Patients in Group A exhibited a greater increase of intercanine distance (8 mm versus 2.7 mm; P<0.001), intermolar distance (7.2 mm versus 5 mm; P = 0.06), and Huddart/Bodenham score (7.1 versus 3; P < 0.05) when compared with patients in Group B.Early orthodontic treatment strongly improved the dental arch relationship, since subjects starting the therapy before the age of 6 had a better response in terms of anterior maxillary expansion.

Treatment outcomes of pre-surgical infant orthopedics in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BackgroundNon-syndromic clefts lip and/or palate (CL/P) defects may have manifold significant and detrimental consequences for the affected individuals and their family environment. Although the use of pre-surgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) was introduced as a means to improve management and treatment outcomes, there still remains a controversy.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of PSIO in patients with non-syndromic CL/P and evaluate the quality of the available evidence.Search methodsSearch without restrictions, together with hand searching, until May 2016.Selection criteriaRandomized clinical trials investigating the effects of pre-surgical infant orthopedic appliances.Data collection and analysisFollowing study retrieval and selection, data extraction and individual study risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool took place. The overall quality of the available evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsFinally 20 papers (3 unique trials) were identified, involving a total of 118 patients with unilateral complete CL/P and 16 with cleft of the soft and at least two thirds of the hard palate. Eight publications were considered as being of low, four of unclear and eight of high risk of bias. In general, the investigated appliances did not present significant effects when compared to each other or to no treatment in terms of feeding and general body growth, facial esthetics, cephalometric variables, maxillary dentoalveolar variables and dental arch relationships, speech and language evaluation, caregiver-reported outcomes, economic evaluation, as well as, adverse effects and problems. Overall, the quality of the available evidence was considered low.ConclusionsThe aforementioned findings could provide initial guidance in the clinical setting. However, given the multitude of parameters, which may have affected the results, good practice would suggest further research, in order to reach more robust relevant recommendations for management decisions in individual cases.

The Americleft Project: Plaster Dental Casts Versus Digital Images for GOSLON Yardstick Ratings When Used in Intercenter Comparisons.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine reliability and validity of GOSLON Yardstick ratings using plaster casts versus photo galleries of digital images in actual intercenter comparisons. The dental arch relationships of 112 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from 3 North American cleft/craniofacial centers were rated in 2 separate studies. In the first, plaster casts were used. For a later intercenter comparison, the same dental casts were scanned, digital bases added, and two-dimensional photographic galleries (6 views) were created for each set of casts. Three raters experienced with the GOSLON Yardstick carried out 2 separate ratings of the plaster casts in the first study, then of the photographic gallery of scanned digital images of the same casts in the second study. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were calculated using the Weighted Kappa statistic. Average scores for each patient were calculated and compared between methods with correlation statistics and a Bland-Altman plot. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare results between centers using both media. Reliability using both methods was very good and comparable between methods. Mean weighted Kappas were: inter-rater = 0.815 (plaster) versus 0.891 (photo); and intrarater = 0.866 (plaster) versus 0.891 (photo). There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.920). Mean difference between centers was 0.033 of a GOSLON category. The level of significance of the differences found between centers with both methods was identical, confirming the interchangeability of both media presentations.

Assessment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment outcome using EUROCRAN index and associated factors

ObjectivesAssessment of treatment outcome is the only non-invasive approach to identify the effects of cleft lip and palate repair and modify management accordingly. Here the aim is to assess the outcome of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) patients using EUROCRAN index and to check whether there are any factors associated with the treatment outcome. Materials and methodsIt is a retrospective cross sectional study. Dental models were collected from archives of two cleft referral centers in Pakistan. Five blinded examiners scored 101 models twice at two week interval. The primary outcome was mean EUROCRAN scores based on dental arch relationships and palatal surface morphology. ResultsA mean(SD) score of 2.72 (0.76) and 2.20 (0.73) was determined based on dental arch relationships and palatal surface morphology, respectively. According to the final logistic regression model, modified Millard technique (cheiloplasty) and Veau-Wardill-Kilners’ method (palatoplasty) had higher odds of producing unfavorable treatment outcome. ConclusionsPresent study determined a fair and a fair to poor treatment outcome based on dental arch relationships and palatal surface morphology, respectively. Our study suggests a significant association between treatment outcome and primary surgical techniques for lip and palate. These findings could warrant a modification of management protocols to ensure improvement in future cleft outcomes.

Centre-level variation of treatment and outcome in 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: The Cleft Care UK study. Part 1: Methodology andresults for dento-facial outcomes.

Structured ObjectivesOutline methods used to describe centre‐level variation in treatment and outcome in children in the Cleft Care UK (CCUK) study. Report centre‐level variation in dento‐facial outcomes.Setting and Sample PopulationTwo hundred and sixty‐eight five‐year‐old British children with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, data were collected on a comprehensive range of outcomes. Child facial appearance and symmetry were assessed using photographic pictures. Dental arch relationships were assessed from standardized dental study models. Hierarchical statistical models were used to predict overall means and the variance partition coefficient (VPC)—a measure of amount of variation in treatment or outcome explained by the centre.ResultsData on dento‐alveolar arch relationships and facial appearance were available on 197 and 252 children, respectively. The median age of the children was 5.5 years, and 68% were boys. Variation was described across 13 centres. There was no evidence of centre‐level variation in good or poor dento‐alveolar arch relationships with a VPC of 4% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, there was no evidence of centre‐level variation in good or poor facial appearance with a VPC of 2% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of centre‐level variation for dento‐facial outcomes although this study only had the power to detect large variation between sites.

Performance of Hawley-type retainers: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Although post-treatment changes are almost inevitable, and retention has long been recognized as one of the most critical and routine problems faced by orthodontists, there remains a lack of certainty regarding the parameters of any definitive retention protocol following orthodontic treatment. To investigate the performance of the Hawley-type retainers. Search without restrictions in 15 databases and hand searching until December 2016. Randomized clinical trials comparing the performance of Hawley-type retainers to other removable appliances or comparing different Hawley-type retainers' wearing schedules. Following study retrieval and selection, data extraction and individual study risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool took place. The overall quality of the available evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Finally, 10 studies were identified involving 854 individuals, followed for up to 1 year after debonding. Eight studies compared subjects using Hawley and clear thermoplastic retainers; another compared Hawley to positioner and, finally, one trial involved individuals allocated to different Hawley appliance wearing schedules. Three studies were considered as being of low, four of unclear, and three of high risk of bias. In general, few differences were observed between the Hawley and other removable retainers regarding outcomes relevant to maxillary and mandibular dental arch measurements, dental arch relationships and occlusal contacts, speech evaluation, patient reported outcomes, adverse effects, and problems related to the appliances, as well as economic evaluation related outcomes. Moreover, no differences were observed between the compared Hawley wearing schedules. Overall, the quality of the available evidence was considered low. Given the overall quality of the available evidence and the multitude of parameters, which may have affected the results of the included trials, good practice would suggest further research in the respective field in order to increase both the quantity and quality of information available. PROSPERO (CRD42015029279). No funding was received for the present systematic review.

The effect of various factors on the dental arch relationship in non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate children assessed by new approach: a retrospective study

BackgroundCleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common birth defects. Multiple factors are believed to be responsible for an unfavorable dental arch relationship in CLP. Facial growth (maxillary) retardation, which results in class III malocclusion, is the primary challenge that CLP patients face. Phenotype factors and postnatal treatment factors influence treatment outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children, which has led to a great diversity in protocols and surgical techniques by various cleft groups worldwide. The aim of this study was to illustrate the dental arch relationship (DAR) and palatal morphology (PM) of UCLP in Bangladeshi children and to explore the various factors that are responsible for poor DAR and PM.MethodsDental models of 84 subjects were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69 (SD 2.46) years. The DAR and PM were assessed blindly by five raters using the EUROCRAN index (EI). Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner agreement, chi square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR and PM.ResultsThe mean EUROCRAN scores were 2.44 and 1.93 for DAR and PM, respectively. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was moderate to very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analyses, significant associations were found between the modified Millard technique (P = 0.047, P = 0.034 respectively) of cheiloplasty and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = 0.017) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. The PM showed a significant association with the type of cleft, type of cheiloplasty and type of palatoplasty.ConclusionThis multivariate study determined that the complete type of UCLP and the modified Millard technique of cheiloplasty had significantly unfavorable effects on both the DAR and PM.

Long-term follow-up study of patients with a unilateral complete cleft of lip, alveolus, and palate following the Utrecht treatment protocol: Dental arch relationships

ObjectiveThis study sought to evaluate long-term dental arch relationships in adults with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated by the Utrecht protocol and to compare results with the centers from the Eurocleft study. Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of UCLP patients age 17 or older, treated by two-stage palate closure at the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, a tertiary center for cleft surgery in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Patients were invited to the clinic for a long-term evaluation. Casts were obtained on the day of follow-up and assessed by the modified Goslon Yardstick for permanent dentition. Dental casts were scored twice by 3 different examiners. ResultsIntra-rater agreement varied from 0.743 to 0.844, the inter-rater agreement from 0.552 to 0.718. The mean Goslon Yardstick score was 3.3. Thirty-three percent of the patients had a Goslon score of 1 or 2, 45% had a score of 4 or 5. ConclusionsThe present study found unfavourable results regarding dental arch relationships after delayed hard palate closure at 3 years old. The mean Goslon Yardstick score was 3.3 (SD 1.4) and 45% of the casts were allocated to group 4 or 5 despite extensive orthodontic treatment. We observed a high number of secondary surgical interventions but no evident benefit regarding dental occlusion following the Utrecht treatment protocol, which includes a two-stage palatoplasty. Other factors than the timing of palate closure are likely of influence.

Factors Responsible for Unfavorable Dental Arch Relationship in non Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children.

Multiple factors are whispered to be crucial cause of unfavourable dental arch relationship in cleft lip and palate (CLP).This study aims to evaluate the dental arch relationship of Bangladeshi children with non syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Also to explore the various congenital (UCLP type, UCLP side, family history of cleft, family history of class III) and environmental (cheiloplasty, palatoplasty) factors that affects dental arch relationship of UCLP patients. This was a retrospective study where 84 dental models were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69± 2.46 (mean± SD). The dental arch relationship was assessed by GOSLON (Great Ormond Street, London and Oslo) Yardstick. According to GOSLON Yardstick, five categories are rated; named- 1: excellent; 2: good; 3: fair; 4: poor; 5: very poor. Also the groups have been dichotomized into favorable (category ratings 1-3) and unfavorable (category ratings 4 and 5) groups. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner agreements and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect dental arch relationship. Total 37 subjects (44% of all subjects) were categorized into unfavourable group (category rating 4 and 5) using GOSLON yardstick. Intra- and inter-examiner agreements were very good. The mean GOSLON score was 3.238. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between family history of skeletal class III malocclusion (p = 0.015 and p = 0.014 respectively) and unfavourable dental arch relationship. Complete UCLP (p = 0.054) and left sided UCLP (p = 0.053) also seemed to be correlated but not significant with unfavourable dental arch relationship using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis respectively. This analysis suggested that family history of skeletal class III was significantly correlated with unfavourable dental arch relationship of Bangladeshi UCLP children.

Effect of Relaxing Incisions on the Maxillary Growth after Primary Unilateral Cleft Palate Repair in Mild and Moderate Cases: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of relaxing incisions and maxillary growth disturbance after primary palatoplasty in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.Methods:This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial study with ethical committee approval between 2 groups of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who were operated on using the two-flap and one-flap techniques from 2008 to 2011. Two groups of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were operated on using the mentioned techniques by the Outreach Surgical Center Program Lima since 2008. Data collection was accomplished by evaluation of maxillary arch dimensions and dental arch relationships (scored using the 5-year-olds’ index).Results:The mean score for the 5-year-olds’ index was 2.57 for two-flap technique and 2.80 for one-flap technique without statistical significant differences (P = 0.71). Our comparative study did not find statistically significant differences in maxillary arch dimensions between the studied techniques for unilateral cleft palate repair. Good levels of agreement were observed according to the κ statistics.Conclusions:The results arising from this clinical trial do not provide statistical evidence that one technique let us obtain better maxillary development than the other at 5 years. The use of relaxing incisions was not associated with maxillary growth impairment. A technique with limited relaxing incisions does not has better maxillary growth. Additional longer term study is necessary to confirm this preliminary report.

The Assessment of Treatment Outcome by Evaluation of Dental Arch Relationships in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children using mHB Scoring System

The Assessment of Treatment Outcome by Evaluation of Dental Arch Relationships in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children using mHB Scoring System

Evaluation of dental arch relationship of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate applying bilateral yardstick

Aims: This study aims to verify the applicability and reliability of the Bilateral yardstick on the assessment of interarch relationship in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) through three-dimensional (3D) virtual casts. Setting and Design: A total of 112 individuals with BCLP, aging 6–12 years old, with no associated syndromes, free from previous orthodontic treatment and from secondary bone grafting. Methods: Plaster casts from the 112 individuals were obtained, randomly numbered and scanned, generating a 3D digital image. Three calibrated orthodontists used the Bilateral yardstick to classify, in two rounds, the interarch relationship on the virtual casts. Descriptive statistics were employed to describe the frequencies of the scores of the Bilateral yardstick. Weighted Kappa statistics were calculated to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. Results: Raters reported no difficulties in the employment of the Bilateral yardstick on 3D virtual casts. Good occlusal relationship or minor deviation was observed in 60 (53.6%) individuals. No more than 13 (11.6%) patients were classified as having a poor arch form. Intraexaminer kappa values were higher than 0.93 (confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.98), and interexaminer agreement was higher than 0.78 (CI 0.69–0.87). Conclusion: Bilateral yardstick proved to be applicable to the assessment of dental arch relationship of patients with BCLP through 3D virtual casts. Weighted kappa values indicated good intrarater and good-to-very good agreement, supporting the reliability of this yardstick when employed to virtual casts. Further studies should be encouraged to face the actual lack of evidence in this field.

Особенности кефалометрических показателей у мужчин и женщин в возрасте 17-24 лет в зависимости от вида аномалий соотношения зубных дуг

Особенности кефалометрических показателей у мужчин и женщин в возрасте 17-24 лет в зависимости от вида аномалий соотношения зубных дуг