Density Of Bio-oil Research Articles

Co-production of biooil and biochar from microwave co-pyrolysis of food-waste and plastic using recycled biochar as microwave susceptor

Microwave (MW) co-pyrolysis of food-waste (FW) and plastic with recycled biochar as MW susceptor was investigated for co-production of biooil and biochar. Effect of biochar recirculation (3–10 wt%) was analysed on end product yield and properties and compared with conventional MW susceptor (Granular Activated Carbon, GAC). Highest biooil yield (52 wt%) along with 30 wt% of biochar yield were obtained with 7 wt% biochar recirculation. pH and density of biooil were 4.12 and 1.09 g/mL, respectively. Increase in biochar recirculation caused substantial reduction in phenols, acids, alcohols, furans and oxygenated compounds in biooil due to rapid feedstock volatilization, end-chain β-scission and/or disengaging of the long carbon chain of FW and LDPE and transference of oxygenated functional groups into the gaseous phase. Similarly, with increased biochar recirculation, biochar showed decrease in volatile matter (by 47 %) with a simultaneous increase in fixed carbon (by 10 %), carbon (by ∼ 6 %), higher heating value (by ∼ 27 %) and morphological properties. 70 % of biooil energy yield and 45 % of biochar energy yield (obtained with 7 wt% biochar recirculation) accounted for the highest net energy efficiency of 115 %, which was comparable to that of GAC (117 %).

Improving the Quality of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil (Liquid Fuel) using Thermal Distillation Method

Oil palm biomass generates an abundance via the oil palm industry such as Palm kernel shell (PKS), empty fruit bunch (EFB), frond, trunk. 
 Problem Statement: The main issue nowadays is global warming; one of the factors is the increment of CO2 content in the atmosphere. In order to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere, biomass is used, as it is a renewable, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative energy source that needs to be adopted in the energy mix. The objective of this study was to improve the quality of bio-oil. 
 Approach: In this research, an empty fruit bunch (EFB) was utilized in a fixed bed reactor, and pyrolysis oil was upgraded via a thermal distillation reactor. The temperature of pyrolysis was 500 °C, and the temperature of thermal distillation was 100 °C. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic and ultimate analysis was utilized to investigate chemical composition. 
 Results: The maximum distilled bio-oil yield was 60- 65 % at 100 °C. The heating value of bio-oil was 21 MJ/kg, and distilled bio-oil was 30 MJ/kg. The density of bio-oil was 1035 g/mL, and distilled bio-oil was 980 g/mL 
 Conclusion: The results showed that the distilled bio-oil obtained from EFB bio-oil has a high heating value low oxygen content than it can use as fuel in engines.

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of the sugarcane bagasse and Enteromorpha prolifera

Enteromorpha prolifera, a green algae, has been spreading widely in China in recent years, resulting in a series of adverse impacts, such as the water eutrophication and the outbreak of green tides. Thus, it is necessary to develop an extensively available method to transfer marine biomass waste into high-value products. In this study, Co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and E. prolifera was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The positive effects between sugarcane bagasse and E. prolifera were evidenced, as the acidity and density of the bio-oils from co-pyrolysis decreased and calorific value increased with respect to that of the merely biomass pyrolysis. When the ratio of the two components was 50/50, the bio-oil got the highest yield of 56.12wt% and the high heating value of the bio-oil was 26.4MJ/kg, which were 11.48%, 2.47% higher than the theoretical values, respectively. The acidity and density of the co-pyrolysis bio-oil at 50/50 blends were 51.62 mgKOH/g and 1.1185g/cm3, which were 16.18%, 6.29% lower than the theoretical values, respectively. The analysis of bio-oil compositions showed that the bio-oil from co-pyrolysis of the blends could be a potential source of renewable fuel with lower content of acid, ketone, aldehyde, phenolic compounds and higher content of hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester compounds. In addition, the concentration of C2–C4 hydrocarbon gases produced through co-pyrolysis of the blends increased as the amount of E. prolifera increased in the blend. The co-pyrolysis chars had higher calorific values compared to that through pyrolysis of E. prolifera alone.

Production of Bio-oil from Pine Sawdust by Rapid Pyrolysis in a Fluidized-bed Reactor

This article reports the experimental results of rapid or fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust in a bench-scale plant equipped mainly with a fluidized-bed reactor and a hot vapor filtration unit. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on product distribution was investigated. In each experiment, the mass balance was established and the chemical and physical characteristics of the products were examined. Fast pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 400–500°C using a biomass particle size of 250–425 µm. Results showed that the optimal reaction temperature for bio-oil production was 462°C. The maximum bio-oil yield was approximately 68.4 wt%. The density of bio-oil was found to be 1.2 g/ml. The lower heating value of the bio-oil was 18.2 MJ/kg, while the pH values of the bio-oil were approximately 2.5. The solids and ash contents of bio-oil were 0.3 and 0.01 wt%, respectively.