Density Lipoprotein Ratio Research Articles

SAĞLIKLI KADINLARDA FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİNE GÖRE UYKU KALİTESİ VE MONOSİT/ YÜKSEK YOĞUNLUKLU LİPOPROTEİN ORANIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip sağlıklı kadınların uyku kalitesini ve monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol oranını karşılaştırmak ve bu parametreler (fiziksel aktivite, uyku kalitesi ve monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine, rutin jinekolojik kontrol amaçlı başvuran 147 sağlıklı kadın retrospektif olarak incelendi. Sağlıklı kadınlar fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine göre hafif (n=48), orta (n=45) ve yüksek fiziksel aktivite (n=54) gruplarına ayrıldı. Kadınların uyku kalite düzeyleri Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi ile, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi ile, inflamatuar belirti düzeyleri ise monosit sayısının yüksek yoğunluklu lipoproteine oranı ile belirlendi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan tüm kadınların yaş ortalamaları 30.18±3.5 yıl, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi ortalaması 10.02±2.61, monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranı ortalamaları ise 0.0119±0.006 olarak bulundu. Yüksek fiziksel aktivite grubunun Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi toplam skoru ve monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranı, diğer gruplara göre daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Orta fiziksel aktivite grubunun monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranı ise hafif fiziksel aktivite grubuna göre daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Grupların uyku süreleri ve etkinlikleri (Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi alt skorlar) arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0.05). Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranı arasında negatif yönde güçlü bir ilişki tespit edildi (r=-0.852; p<0.001).Sonuç: Yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip sağlıklı kadınların monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranının daha düşük olması, fiziksel aktivitenin inflamasyonu azalttığını düşündürebilir. Ayrıca bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi arttıkça uykuya geçiş süresinin ve uyku kalitesinin artabileceği söylenebilir.

Lipid Profile and Vitamin B 12 levels in Women Having Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study

Aim: To assess the lipid profile and vitamin B12 levels in women having gestational diabetes mellitus.
 Study Design: Case Control study.
 Place and Duration: Department of Biochemistry and Gynecology/Obstetrics LUMHS Hospital Jamshoro total 1 year duration from January 2018 to December 2018.
 Methodology: A sample of 291 pregnant women was grouped as; 216 diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 75 non gestational diabetes mellitus were selected according to criteria. Sera were evaluated for glucose (hexokinase method), blood lipids and Vitamin B12 (ECLIA assay method) by Cobas chemistry analyzer. Triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TAGs/HDLc) ratio was calculated as log of transformed TAGs to HDLc. TAGs/HDLc ratio was labelled as low risk (0.3 – 0.1), medium risk (0.1 – 0.24) and high risk (>0.24). Statistical SPSS software 21.0 (IBM, Inc USA) was used to analyze the research variables at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05).
 Results: Age of cases was 37.9±5.19 years (P=0.051). Fasting and random blood glucose levels were elevated significantly (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 in cases was low noted as 155.6±71.3 ng/mL compared to 251.5±33.1 in control (P=0.0001). Any type of vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 153 (70.51%) GDM cases compared to 37 (49.4%) control (P=0.0001). Low, medium and high atherogenicity risk was found in 56.01%, 37.5% and 6.4% GDM cases and 50.5%, 36.6% and 0% in control respectively (P=0.0001).
 Conclusion: It was found in the present study that triglyceride to HDLc ratio was found elevated in Gestational Diabetes mellitus women with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Abstract 10610: Schistosomiasis and Cardiovascular Disease in 1,000 HIV-Infected and Uninfected Tanzanian Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Variations in immune phenotype are increasingly recognized as drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). For example, the inflammatory effect of HIV-infection is associated with a 2-fold higher risk of CVD. Conversely, schistosome infection induces an anti-inflammatory immune response, which may counter CVD pathways related to inflammation. Whether the immune regulatory effect of schistosome infection is sufficient to suppress the contrasting stimulatory effect of another disease such as HIV remains unknown and may provide critical insight into the immunologic basis of non-communicable diseases. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 1,000 HIV-infected and uninfected adults at a referral HIV clinic in a schistosome endemic area in Mwanza, Tanzania. Standardized history, echocardiography and serum were obtained. Blood pressure was monitored over two years. Regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to quantify associations. Results: We enrolled 503 schistosome infected and 497 uninfected adults with a median age of 36 [28- 43]. Schistosome infection was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension (39.6% vs 46.7%, p=0.016), myocardial diastolic dysfunction (8.1% vs 13.4%, p=0.015) and total-to-high density lipoprotein ratio (1.77 vs 1.82, p<0.0001) as compared to uninfected participants. Additionally, schistosome-infection was associated with significantly improved change in blood pressure over time (0.67 vs 3.35 mmHg increase, p=0.005). When stratified by concurrent HIV-infection, schistosome infection was associated with lower prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and total-to-HDL ratio in HIV- infected adults but lower prevalence of hypertension in those without HIV-infection. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that schistosome infection may directly impact cardiac function and slow the age-related increase in blood pressure over time. Further, associations between schistosome and CVD differ by HIV status, implying that immune mediated interactions may have important physiologic ramifications for CVD. The patterns of these interactions may provide insight into the immunologic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases.

The monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio predicts coronary artery disease in heart failure

Abstract Background The monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a combined inflammatory marker implicated in atherosclerosis. MHR predicts cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); it correlates with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and has been shown to be a prognostic predictor in patients with myocardial infarction. The role of MHR in chronic heart failure (HF) is largely unknown. Purpose Assess the ability of MHR to predict CAD in patients with HF Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in ambulatory patients with HF with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) that were followed in our HF clinic from January/2012 to May/2018. We selected all the patients that had performed a diagnostic/therapeutic coronary angiography. Patients with missing data concerning monocyte counts or high-density lipoprotein levels were excluded. The endpoint under analysis was the presence of CAD on coronary angiography. A ROC curve was used to study the ability of MHR to predict CAD. The association of MHR with CAD was assessed by a logistic-regression analysis. A multivariate model was built accounting for age, sex, comorbidities [hypertension, diabetes, peripheral artery disease (PAD), CVD, CKD and inflammatory/auto-immune disease], low-density lipoprotein value, haemoglobin, brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), severe LVSD and segmental contractility defects in the echocardiogram. MHR was analysed both as continuous and categorical variable; the cut-off of 16 was chosen based on the ROC curve. Results We studied 295 chronic HF patients with LSVD who underwent coronary angiography. Mean age was 67±12 years, 70.8% men and 55.9% with CAD. Patients with CAD were older (69 against 64 years), had significantly higher MHR (19±9 vs. 16±7), higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, PAD and CVD, and worse renal function. The area under the curve for the association between MHR and CAD was 0.68 (0.62–0.74), p<0.001. The best MHR cut-off for CAD prediction was 16 - sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity: 65.4%, positive predictive value: 71.0% and negative predictive value: 60.8%. This association was independent of potential confounders. Patients with MHR≥16 had a multivariate-adjusted OR of having CAD of 5.41 (95% CI: 2.40–12.20), p<0.001 when compared to those with lower MHR. When MHR was analysed as a continuous variable the association remained significant. Conclusions The MHR is an independent predictor of CAD in chronic HF. Patients with MHR ≥16 have a 71% probability of presenting CAD and a more than 5-fold higher risk compared with those with lower MHR. It is sometimes difficult to ascertain ischemic disease/aetiology in HF patients, particularly in the elderly, frail and/or with advanced CKD. This simple, inexpensive and harmless marker can help clinicians identify patients most likely to have CAD and decide treatment in accordance. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The prognostic value of monocyte/ high-density lipoprotein ratio in chronic heart failure

Abstract Background The monocyte-high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is an inflammation marker that combines monocyte counts, increased in inflammatory states, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, that appear to have protective and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been studied in chronic kidney disease, primary hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease (CAD), and has been shown to be positively correlated with disease severity and worse prognosis. Although inflammation is thought to be implicated in heart failure's (HF) pathophysiology, little is known about the role of MHR in the HF setting. Purpose To study the prognostic impact of MHR in chronic HF. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in ambulatory patients with HF with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) that were followed in our HF clinic from January/2012 to May/2018. Patients with no data on monocyte counts or HDL levels in the first appointment were excluded. Endpoint under analysis: all-cause mortality. Patients were categorized according to MHR quartiles: 1st quartile <11, 2nd quartile ≥11 to <15, 3rd quartile ≥15 to <20 and 4th quartile ≥20. A Cox-regression analysis was used to assess association between MHR and all-cause mortality. A multivariate model was built adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), CAD, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammatory/autoimmune disease, atrial fibrillation, anaemia, renal dysfunction, brain-type-natriuretic peptide (BNP), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, low-density lipoprotein value, prognostic modifying therapy and severe LVSD. Results We studied 560 chronic HF patients with LVSD, mean age 70±12 years, 67.5% men, 37.1% in NYHA class I, 44.8% in NYHA class II and the remaining in higher classes. Patients with MHR≥20 (last quartile) were mostly men with higher prevalence of DM and CAD, they more often presented in higher NYHA classes and with worse renal function and higher BNP. No difference existed concerning doses of evidence based-drugs. During a median follow-up of 53 (32–88) months from the index medical appointment 256 patients (45.7%) died. Mortality was similar in the lower three MHR quartiles, being statistically higher in the last quartile. Considering only two groups - MHR <20 and MHR ≥20 - the all-cause mortality rate was of 41.6 vs. 57.6%, respectively, p=0,001. MHR was independently associated with poor survival. In patients presenting with MHR ≥20, the HR of long-term all-cause mortality was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.04–1.93), p=0.03 when compared with those with lower MHR. Conclusions Chronic HF patients with MHR ≥20 have a significant 42% increased risk of long-term all-cause death. We reinforce the role of inflammation in chronic HF. The MHR is a practical, inexpensive and widely available parameter that can help clinicians in the identification of chronic HF patients at higher risk of death. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Correlation between body mass index and erythrocyte sedimentation rates in healthy participants

Objective: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a cheap, fast and readily available test and its still being used for many medical conditions in order to help diagnosis and evaluation of diseases. In this study, association of ESR, cholesterol levels and monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) with body mass index were inspected in healthy population. Material and Method: This study is an observational, retrospective study. It has been conducted in a university hospital with people admitting to internal medicine outpatient clinics between January 2020 and December 2020. Demographic characteristics, body mass indexes and laboratory parameters of 689 patients were evaluated. Participants were divided into three groups according to body mass indexes; Group 1 (normal weight), Group 2 (overweight), Group 3 (obese). Data obtained from three groups were compared. Results: There were significant associations between body mass index and height, weight, ESR, glucose, monocyte counts, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, Non-HDL cholesterol and MHR among groups. ESR was significantly higher in women compared to men. There were significant correlations between body mass index and ESR (r=0.346, p=0.001), glucose (r=0.239, p=0.001) and monocyte count (r=0.096, p=0.013). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, ESR is a parameter associated with BMI and it may reflect the magnitude of inflammation taking place in obesity. ESR was used for more than a century in evaluation of diseases and it still has a place in different medical disorders.

Monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

The Monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has been postulated as a novel parameter associated with adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes. In this study we investigated the association of MHR with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data pertaining to 1505 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. The CSA-AKI, which was defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Concurrently, a retrospective scan of patient files was conducted and information relevant to nephropathy such as the level of their serum creatinine (SCr), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), serum cystatin C (Cys-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), glucose and MHR, ejection fraction, CPB duration time, and other indicators. About 1505 patients were studied of whom 195 developed AKI. MHR was significantly higher in the AKI patients (p = 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR, UA, Cys-C, age, glucose, and history of chronic kidney disease or hypertension were independently correlated with CSA-AKI. As a laboratory index, the elevated MHR is convenient, independent, and a useful predictor for CSA-AKI.

Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio are related with subclinical hypothyroidism in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Objectives There is an association between serum thyrotropin (TSH) and lipid profile. However, there is a little information regarding the relation between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), atherogenic indices and inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SCH on lipids and inflammatory markers in newly diagnosed PCOS patients. Methods Two groups were performed for total 99 PCOS patients: SCH (TSH>2.5 mIU/L) and euthyroid groups (TSH<2.5 mIU/L). Complete blood count, lipids, atherogenic indices were evaluated, inflammatory markers as platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and mean platelet volume/platelet ratio (MPR) were calculated. Results SCH group had higher WBC, PLT, PCT, PLR, MPR and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Differences between MHR, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL), triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) and low density lipoprotein/HDL cholesterol (LDL/HDL) levels were significantly higher (p=0.001; 0.01; 0.01; 0.02, respectively), TC/HDL cholesterol levels were positively correlated with TSH (p=0.028, r=0.402) in SCH group. TC/HDL levels were also correlated with WBC, PLT, PDW, PCT, MPR and MHR (p=0.003; 0.011; 0.031; 0.037; 0.006; 0.002; r=0.515; 0.442; −0.382; 0.370; −0.471; 0.523, repectively). Conclusions TC/HDL and MHR may serve as beneficial markers for evaluating the inflammatory state of PCOS with SCH. Screening thyroid hormones and curing SCH in PCOS may lower lipids, decelerate developing hypothyroidism and cardiovascular morbidities.

Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Non High Density Lipoprotein to High Density Lipoprotein Ratio

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters and predictory non-high density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein ratio. Material and Methods: Between February and September 2020, 329 patients with fatty liver prediagnosis were evaluated prospectively. Laboratory (whole blood counts, transaminases, lipid profiles, 25-oh vitamin d3 levels) and ultrasonography findings, body height, body weight and body mass index of patients were compared between fatty liver and control groups. Results: Fatty liver was diagnosed in 164 patients out of 329 participants. There were significant relationships between existence of fatty liver and age, body weight, body mass index, triglyceride levels, non-high density lipoprotein, non-high density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein ratios. Also relationships between severity of fatty liver and body weight, alanine aminotransferase and body mass index were found to be significant. There were no relationship between existence of fatty liver and monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio and vitamin D levels. Linear regression analysis for Non-HDL/ HDL ratio in diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver, revealed a correlation coefficient as r=0.179. Positive and negative predictive values for Non-HDL/HDL ratio in diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver were, 56.3% and 60.9%, respectively . Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between fatty liver and non-high density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein ratio. This ratio may be a simple and readily available predictor in patients with fatty liver.

Physical activity modifies the association between prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and adolescent cardiometabolic risk

BACKGROUND AND AIM: No studies have examined whether previously observed associations between higher gestational PFAS exposure and worse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes might be ameliorated through more physical activity and healthier diet in childhood. METHODS: In 164 mother-child pairs from a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, OH (HOME Study), we measured concentrations of four PFAS in maternal serum collected at 16-weeks gestation. When children were age 12 years, we assessed visceral adiposity using dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and fasting serum biomarkers. Using these variables, we calculated age/sex-standardized cardiometabolic risk z-scores. At this same visit, we assessed general physical activity levels and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire and three 24-hour diet recalls, respectively. We determined whether covariate-adjusted associations of PFAS with cardiometabolic risk z-scores and its components were modified by physical activity or HEI using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS:Physical activity modified the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cardiometabolic risk z-scores (interaction p-value0.01). Each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk z-scores among children with physical activity levels below the median (β:1.2; 95%CI:0.4, 2.0, n=80), but not among those with physical activity levels greater than the median (β:-0.3; 95%CI:-1.1, 0.6, n=84). Adverse associations among children with lower physical activity were most apparent for insulin resistance, adiponectin-leptin ratio, and visceral fat area (interaction p-values=0.01-0.06), but not triglyceride-high density lipoprotein ratio or systolic blood pressure (interaction p-values=0.41-0.65). The pattern of modification by physical activity was similar, but not statistically significant, for perfluorosulfonic acid and perfluorononanoic acid (interaction p-values=0.44 and 0.23). Diet quality (HEI scores vs. 50) did not modify any associations (interaction p-values0.28). CONCLUSIONS:Childhood physical activity modified the association between gestational PFOA concentrations and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in this cohort, suggesting that behavioral and lifestyle interventions may be an avenue to ameliorate the adverse effects of PFOA exposure. . KEYWORDS: PFAS, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Children's environmental health, Obesity and metabolic disorders

Association of monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio with arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes

BackgroundPrevious studies proposed that chronic inflammation in diabetes has a role in abnormal collagen production and elastin degradation, which promotes arterial stiffness. Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a simple measurement associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, little is known about the relationship of MHR with arterial stiffness. This study aimed to determine the association of MHR with arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes.MethodsA total of 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness factor in this study was Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). We analyzed complete blood count and lipid profile in all participants, then performed statistical analysis to determine the relationship between MHR and CAVI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of MHR to predict CAVI ≥ 9.ResultsMedian of MHR in this study was 11.91 with the mean of CAVI was 8.13 ± 0.93. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between MHR and CAVI (ρ = 0.239, p = 0.031). Multivariate analysis showed the independent association of MHR to arterial stiffness (β = 0.361, 95% CI 0.023–0.093) and to CAVI ≥ 9 (OR 1.181, 95% CI 1.047–1.332). The cut-off values of MHR for predicting CAVI ≥ 9 were identified as ≥ 13 (OR 3.289, 95% CI 1.036–10.441).ConclusionMHR is associated with CAVI in patients with diabetes, irrespective of various potential confounders.

Microalbuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in essential hypertensive patients: research study done at tertiary care centre in Western India

Background:Small amount of albumin excretion in urine, termed as microalbuminuria, has been postulated to be an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. This study was done to find the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension and to study the association of microalbuminuria with cardiovascular morbidity.Methods:This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College and SSG Hospital, Baroda; by selecting 60 first time detected essential hypertensive patients, without any significant past or treatment history, attending Medicine outpatient department (OPD) or admitted in different wards at SSG hospital, for various reasons. A detailed history, clinical examination, basic blood investigation, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, electrocardiography (ECG) and 2D echo were done in all patients.Results:In this study, microalbuminuria was found in 24 (40%) cases with prevalence increasing with increasing age. A higher serum cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio; left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), ST-T changes and bundle branch block on ECG; LVH, hypokinesia and diastolic dysfunction on 2D echo; retinopathy on D fundus examination were all associated with higher microalbumin excretion in urine. Microalbuminuria was independent of age, sex, addiction to smoking, alcohol, BMI and severity/stage of hypertension. Thus, irrespective of existing known cardiovascular risk factors, microalbuminuria was associated with signs of cardiovascular morbidity.Conclusions:As a predictor of systemic vascular dysfunction, microalbuminuria can be used to stratify and prognosticate hypertensive patients at a higher risk of developing further vascular complications and they can be screened early for same.

High triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with increased coronary heart disease among White but not Black adults

ObjectiveBlack adults are less likely than White adults to present with adverse lipid profiles and more likely to present with low-grade inflammation. The impact of race on the association between atherogenic lipid profiles, inflammation, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is unknown. MethodsWe evaluated the association between high levels (>50th percentile) of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-C) and CHD events by race in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort with 30,239 Black and White participants aged 45 and older. ResultsParticipants with both high hsCRP and high TG/HDL-C had highest rates of CHD (HR 1.84; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.29 vs HR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.94 in White vs Black participants respectively). Whereas isolated high hsCRP was associated with increased CHD risk in both races (HR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.15 and HR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.81 for White and Black participants respectively), isolated high TG/HDL was associated with increased CHD risk only in White participants (HR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.79 vs HR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.38). Further, the effects of high hsCRP and high TG/HDL-C were additive, with inflammation being the driving variable for the association in both races. ConclusionIn both races, higher inflammation combined with adverse lipid profile is associated with greater CHD risk. Therefore, inflammation increases CHD risk in both races whereas dyslipidemia alone is associated with a greater risk in White but not in Black adults. hsCRP testing should be a standard feature of CHD risk assessment, particularly in Black patients.

Elevated Monocyte to High-density Lipoprotein Ratios as an Inflammation Markers for Schizophrenia Patients.

ObjectiveMonocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new instrument for giving notice inflammation, which plays a main role in schizophrenia. Thus, in this study, our goal was to investigate the possible association between MHR and schizophrenia.MethodsThe participants of this study consisted of 75 schizophrenia patients and 74 healthy individuals (control group). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to collect data from the patient group. Complete blood count parameters and lipid profile were analyzed in all study participants.ResultsThe patients with schizophrenia had higher MHR values (15.04 ± 3.31 in schizophrenia patients and 12.62 ± 2.99 in controls; p = 0.001). Monocyte counts and MHR of the schizophrenia patients were significantly higher than the control group. There was a significant and positive correlation between age, body mass index, severity of disease and MHR.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study was the first to demonstrate inflammatory markers such as MHR levels in schizophrenia patients. Both monocyte counts and MHR values in schizophrenia patients were higher than the control group. MHR might be an available and useful inflammatory marker to evaluate inflammation in schizophrenia patients.

Neck Circumference Is Better Associated Than Waist Circumference at Insulin Resistance in Bantu Population from Brazzaville in Republic of Congo

<i>Background: </i>it is difficult to measure directly insulin sensitivity in routine practice. An easily measured anthropometric parameter associated with insulin resistance (IR) would be a very useful tool in detecting people at risk. <i>Objective:</i> To investigate the association between neck circumference (NC) and Insulin Resistance (IR) in Bantu population. <i>Methods:</i> Cross-sectional health screening conducted between February and May 2019, among Bantu population from Brazzaville in Republic of Congo. The analysis included 500 participants, aged <i>≥</i> 20 years. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured by standard protocol. Fasting lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin were determined. Triglyceride Glucose index (TyG index) and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL) were calculated. IR was defined as HOMA-IR <i>≥</i> 2. TyG index was calculated by using the formula: Ln [TG (mg/dL) x FPG (mg/dL)/2]. To investigate if there was a statistically association between NC and IR parameters, a correlation was computed. To evaluate the influence of NC on IR parameters, the study population was divided in 3 groups by tertiles of NC in both men and women The diagnostic ability of NC, WC, TyG index and TG/HDL ratio to identify people with IR was determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. <i>Results:</i> NC was positively correlated with insulin, TG/HDL, TyG index and HOMA-IR. For all variables, this correlation was stronger in comparison with WC. In all participants, TG/HDL shows the largest AUC for IR detection (0.810, 95% CI: 0.765–0.855) followed by TyG index (0.799, 95% CI: 0.754–0.844), NC (0.624, 95% CI: 0.572–0.677), and WC (0.616, 95% CI: 0.560–0.672) in that order. <i>Conclusion:</i> NC is associated with IR. NC is better than WC to identify IR in Bantu population from Brazzaville in republic of Congo.

The role of neutrophil/high density lipoprotein, monocyte/high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein ratios in determining the presence and severity of asymptomatic carotid stenosis in elderly persons

The role of neutrophil/high density lipoprotein, monocyte/high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein ratios in determining the presence and severity of asymptomatic carotid stenosis in elderly persons

Elevated Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as an Indicator of Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Objectives:This study was designed to assess the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) as a possible marker of systemic inflammation in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods:A study group of 62 patients with BRVO and a control group of 60 age-matched, healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The blood lipid profile, hematology profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were measured. The MHR was calculated as the ratio of the monocyte count to the HDL level, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated as the ratio of the neutrophil count to the lymphocyte count.Results:In patients with BRVO versus controls, the mean MHR was 14.1±5.1 vs 12.2±4.3 (p=.032), the mean NLR was 1.99±0.69 vs 2.01±0.86 (p=.889), and the mean CRP level was 3.44±2.53 mg/L vs 2.81±1.57 mg/L (p=.102). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the MHR and the NLR was 0.621 and 0.519, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the MHR and the NLR to predict BRVO was 51% and 73% vs 79% and 35%, respectively.Conclusion:The MHR values were higher in patients with BRVO compared with those of the control group. BRVO seems to be associated with systemic inflammation.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio: a prognostic factor for mitral valve prolapse?

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disorder, afflicting 2 % to 3 % of the general population. Despite the general belief of a benign disorder, there is an increasing awareness of an association between mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia and also atherosclerosis. Monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new tool for predicting inflammation, which plays a major role in atherosclerosis. To evaluate the relationship between MHR and the presence of MVP. The study population consisted of 82 patients with MVP and the control group of 78 normal individuals. Transthoracic echocardiograpy was performed for all of the study population and peripheral venous blood samples were drawn for measuring MHR and other haemotological parameters. The patients with MVP were more likely to have higher MHR values (15.82±6.01 in MVP patients and 13.30 ± 6.43 in controls; p=0.011). Monocyte counts and MHR of the MVP group were significantly higher than the control group and MHR values were directly proportional with the regurgitation area. The MHR is strongly associated with MVP and regurgitation area and might be a prognostic factor for patients with MVP (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 15).

Prevalence of Risk factors for Coronary heart disease among the workers of an industry of South India

Introduction: Industrial workers are a captive group and can be considered ideal for increasing awareness, adopting preventive strategies and thus to the control of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are limited numbers of studies which are carried out to estimate the coronary heart disease risk burden in factory settings of India. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors among the workers of a nylon yarn manufacturing factory in South India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among all employees aged 20 -59 years employing a clinical examination and biochemical estimation. Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood sugar and Lipid profile were measured. Patients known to have coronary heart disease, those aged less than 20 years and those aged more than 59 years were excluded. Results: 320 workers were evaluated. Their mean age was 32 years. Among the study population, 6.25% were obese and 21.8% were current smokers. 14.7% of them were found to be hypertensives and 61.87% were pre-hypertensives. 5.9% of the workers were diabetic and 14.6% had impaired fasting glucose. 55.93% of them had an increased Total cholesterol / High Density Lipoprotein ratio. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease among a comparatively young population in a South Indian industrial setting.

P.812Treatment adherence and motivation in psychopharmacological perspective

Swallowing disturbances are associated with older age as well as with other subclinical disturbances of multifactorial origin in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study assesses nutritional markers and whole-body impedance data to better understand swallowing disturbances in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study includes baseline data from a cohort of newly diagnosed patients identified in the New Parkinsonism in Umeå study (NYPUM) (n = 75).Swallowing disturbance was registered as a score of one or more on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section II question number 7 on swallowing. The analysis used nutritional markers in plasma and anthropometry from bioimpedance.Bivariate analysis revealed that swallowing disturbances were associated with low plasma phosphate levels for males (r = −0.428; p = 0.005) and for all patients with PD (r = −0.241; p = 0.037). In males but not in females, a negative association was found between age and albumin and amount of intra-cellular water (ICW, l). Plasma albumin was associated with plasma phosphate (r = 0.315; p = 0.006; n = 75, r = 0.361; p = 0.036; n = 34, r = 0.310; p = 0.049; n = 41). Another risk pattern indicating swallowing disturbance in females was revealed by an association with visceral adiposity index (VAI), plasma triglycerides (TG), and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio. The adjusted logistic regression revealed that low phosphate in males and low magnesium in females were risk factors for swallowing disturbance.The age-related decline in plasma phosphate in males with PD may be an important nutritional marker for swallowing disturbances. Body composition measurements and nutritional markers provide information for the study of swallowing dysfunction as part of sarcopenia.