Demolition Work Research Articles

Application of a BIM model for demolition work planning

The article explores the use of BIM tools in the planning of demolition works for a structure. The analysis includes the utilization of BIM to create a three-dimensional model of the object, with a level of detail that allows for accurate cost estimation of the demolition. Additionally, it enables the precise determination of the demolition sequence, identification of potential issues, and optimization of the process. BIM tools also facilitate the analysis of the environmental impact of demolition and the safety of workers. Furthermore, through virtual simulation, demolition planning can take into account ecological and social effects. The authors highlight that the application of a BIM model simplifies risk analysis and allows for the creation of scenarios for the duration of demolition work, enabling the selection of the fastest solution while simultaneously reducing costs and optimizing resources. Conclusions drawn from the case study demonstrate how advanced BIM tools can revolutionize the planning of demolition processes, introducing a new level of precision and a sustainable approach to such projects.

Personal protective equipment for preventing asbestos exposure in workers.

Personal protective equipment for preventing asbestos exposure in workers.

Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers.

A social housing estate in Denmark was designated for demolition due to exceedance of guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor air. Here, we deployed precleaned silicone wristbands (n = 46) among demolition workers of these contaminated buildings during single workdays while conducting various work tasks. We established a method to analyze all 209 PCBs in wristbands to identify prominent congeners of exposure and evaluate differences between tasks. Wristbands were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction and then concentrated for gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Twenty-nine chromatographic peaks representing 37 congeners were detected in every wristband, and tetra-CBs were the dominant homologue group. PCB-66, -44, and -70 were the most abundant congeners measured in worker wristbands, none of which are included within the typical seven indicator or WHO 12 PCBs. Workers who cut PCB-containing sealants had wristbands with the highest PCB concentrations (geometric mean ∑209PCBs = 1963 ng/g wristband), which were followed by those handling concrete elements on the building roof. Additionally, wristbands captured a broader range of PCBs than has been previously measured in air and serum samples. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of total congener analysis in assessing current PCB exposure in demolition work and the utility of wristbands for assessing these exposures.

Measurement and removal of asbestos in residential dwellings to be demolished-urban transformation experience in Izmir, Turkey.

Asbestos has been used extensively in the construction industry for its superior insulation properties before its health hazards were discovered and its use eventually banned. It is likely that many residential buildings built before the 2000s in Turkey contain asbestos. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of the potential danger of asbestos exposure during demolition work and to identify asbestos-containing materials and ensure their safe removal and disposal. This study is executed to determine the residential dwellings containing asbestos in Izmir, Turkey. The research included field studies to determine asbestos presence in the buildings that were damaged during the 2020 earthquake. Air measurements and bulk samples were taken from 50 buildings that would go through the demolition process. Eleven buildings were found to contain asbestos which corresponds to 22%. The detected asbestos type was 60% chrysotile (white asbestos). Results could be helpful for future demolition work, which are conducted in the same region that includes buildings with similar properties. Also, it is expected that the database created for this study could be useful in other studies in Turkey, where accurate statistical data related with asbestos measurements is essentially non-existent.

Building Geometry Survey by Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Wireless Technology and Algorithm-Based BIM Modelling

The efficiency and degree of maturity of the architectural survey determine the construction process in many ways. From the economic and technical point of view, it is significant. It can be found in almost all activities and, depending on the technology used, it provides different qualities and quantities of initial data and information to prepare and support, among other things, the design, demolition, and construction work processes. The objective of the research and development project and this article is to investigate and demonstrate the application of a novel solution that differs from the conventional building survey tools, methods, and procedures of the information. It breaks with traditional methods by implementing wireless (using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology) spatial positioning and algorithm-based post-processing methods, as well as Building Information Modelling (BIM).

Right to enter the adjacent plot – conditions for issuing a decision pursuant to Article 47 of the Construction Law

The subject of the article is the assessment of the regulations of art. 47 of the construction law, which regulates the administrative and legal institutions of entering a neighboring property for the purpose of carrying out construction works. The scope of this regulation does not cover all cases of construction or demolition works, but only those for which a building permit or notification is required. The article indicates the need to amend the provision so that it constitutes a real instrument for carrying out works in all cases of construction works.

Implementing Construction Noise Mitigation Management Framework to Achieve Quiet Building Demolition in Urban Environment of Hong Kong: A Case Study on Demolition of a Multi-storey Carpark Building

Hong Kong is a compact city. Construction noise impact from noisy construction activities such as building demolition work in urban areas, if not properly handled, could easily arouse concern from neighbouring residents. Tremendous efforts in planning and implementation of noise mitigation measures are usually required for developing infrastructure projects in Hong Kong. The Central Kowloon Route project was one of the mega projects to construct a 4.7 km long trunk road across urban districts in Hong Kong. Under this project, a Multi-storey Carpark Building, which was built atop an existing heavily trafficked flyover and situated in a densely populated area with less than 20 m away from the nearest high-rise residential building, was required to be demolished atop the existing flyover without interfering its operation or causing unacceptable noise impact to the nearby residents. This paper presents the successful implementation of the construction noise mitigation management framework of the Central Kowloon Route project to achieve quiet demolition of the Multi-storey Carpark Building, including the relevant Construction Noise Mitigation Measure Plan, Contract Specifications on adopting quieter measures and Community Engagement Plan. The paper also analyzes the actual noise performance of the quieter measures adopted and nearby public responses when the demolition of the carpark building is actively pursuing.

The threshold value of ground motion acceleration characterizing the nonlinear response of sites

Assessing the nonlinearity of a site plays a crucial role in earthquake engineering. For some building structures and lifeline projects that need safety assessment after earthquakes, the analysis of nonlinear degree of sites can help accurately revealing the amplification effect of sites and evaluating the damage degree of buildings which is convenient for subsequent reinforcement and demolition work. The quantitation of nonlinear threshold of sites is an important method to evaluate the degree of site nonlinearity. In this paper, a nonlinear characteristic index reflecting the degradation of shear modulus is proposed based on the instantaneous frequency of the site calculated by using the vector auto-regression moving average (VARMA) model. Then, seismic records of class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ sites specified as per code for seismic design of buildings in China are selected from the KiK-net network in Japan, and the threshold value of ground motion acceleration characterizing the nonlinear response of sites are provided. Finally, the variation of the nonlinear characteristic index (shear modulus degradation) vs. different (peak ground acceleration) PGA for four types of sites are presented.

Real Estate Appraisal Using the Liquidation Cost Method – A Case Study

Abstract A real estate appraiser, using the liquidation cost method of the mixed approach in order to determine the value of real estate, analyzes, e.g. the value of post-demolition materials and the costs of liquidating components. The paper presents the problem of determining the costs of demolition works, which are correlated with the adopted demolition technology, the method of managing waste from post-demolition materials, and the costs incurred to maintain the occupational health and safety of employees and bystanders. Important elements of determining the demolition costs include the type of demolition waste and the relevant classification subgroup, the used demolition technology, and also the method of managing waste materials. The publication presents a calculation example that concerns the cost analysis of the demolition of a building structure. The demolition was performed using the mechanical method. The presented analyses cover different variants of carrying out works, whereas optimization refers to the different types of equipment used, available employee resources, and the various ways of recycling/managing post-demolition materials (storing, resale or processing). The conducted analyzes allow a multi-faceted approach to the subject matter to be obtained, and also an optimal solution to be selected by the participants of the investment process.

Organophosphate esters in inert landfill soil: A case study.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) used as flame retardants and plasticizers are additives in building and construction materials, decorations, furniture, electronic equipment, among other applications. The presence of materials containing these substances in construction and demolition waste (CDW) from weak waste management practices can result in environmental contamination. In this study, OPEs' presence in soil samples collected from a CDW landfill in Brazil was evaluated. Soil samples were collected in areas adjacent to CDW from an inert landfill, and the samples were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The OPEs were detected in all soil samples at quantifiable concentrations ranging from 21 to 251 ng g-1, and detected compounds were tris(phenyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. The presence of these compounds in a CDW landfill is probably due to the lack of control of the materials sent to and deposited in the landfill, which, results in part from the lack of sampling and screening systems that can help identify the presence of contaminants in the CDW waste stream. This is partially due to OPEs not being considered controlled compounds under current regulations, thus screening or separation for handling of OPEs at construction and demolition work sites is rare to non-existent. The data generated in this study reveals the need for improving CDW management to minimize, if not eliminate, environmental contamination by OPEs.

Development of a Framework for Risk Assessment in Building Demolition Works

The demolition process in construction projects is risky and involves many hazards that may lead to several accidents ranging from minor injury to fatality. These hazardous activities impose risk to contractors, employers and workers, and the public. Nowadays, these demolition operations are increasing in every corner of India because of redevelopment policies, new bylaws, outdated design, and aging of buildings and habitation facilities to accommodate the increasing population in the limited land area. Still, in most places, demolition operations depend on contractors’ knowledge without following any proper standard or framework. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a framework for risk assessment in the demolition of buildings that involves three phases: identifying, assessing, and giving control measures to potential hazards. In this direction, this study identified 40 potential hazards with the help of existing literature, field survey, and expert interviews; and categorized them into seven categories. For assessment, the standard 5×5 risk matrix methodology of the British Standard 8800:2004 is used, which gives the risk value to each hazard, thereby categorizing the hazard with respect to the level of acceptance. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method is then used for ranking the identified risks. Considering the obtained likelihood and severity of each hazard, fall from height and noise pollution are identified as the most and least significant hazards, respectively. Finally, control measures are suggested. The outcome of this study shows the priority order of demolition hazards from major to minor. It gives an idea to demolition practitioners for which hazard has to be eliminated or mitigated primarily with their respective control measures. It also benefits policymakers to formulate a policy or law on demolition safety.

Strength and Durability of Sand Cement Brick Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and Waste Fired Clayed Brick (FCB) As Partial Sand Replacement Materials

The use of burnt clayed brick (FCB) and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in cementitious materials aids in the reuse of clay brick waste from construction and demolition works. In fact, concrete manufacturing expanded in lockstep with the Malaysian economy’s expansion. The purpose of this study is to determine the strength and durability of sand cement brick containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and waste fired clayed brick (FCB) as partial sand replacement materials. According to the findings, a brick containing 0% RCA and 2% FCB has the best compressive strength, while a brick containing 15% RCA and 6% FCB has the lowest water absorption when compared to other mix designs and is the best mix design for water absorption. Lastly, it is steadily applicable the RCA and FCB as second sources of natural coarse aggregate and can reduce waste of concrete aggregate and FCB.

Occupational Accident Risk Analysis using Failure Mode and Analysis Method: A Case Study of X City Main Market Development Project

Construction Projects are a work sector that has a high level of work accident risk. This is due to the lack of awareness of the importance of implementing a good Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) following applicable laws and regulations, often the application of the Construction Safety Management System on a project is considered only as a costly expense, not as an investment to prevent work accidents but only is considered to provide a level of loss from the project itself. But, in the construction of the Main Market of City X, there was a work accident; an analysis was carried out using the Failure Mode And analysis method, several works with a high-risk level, namely formwork demolition work, installation work and WF steel assembly work with each value of 48 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19, ceiling frame assembly work with a value of 36 risk priority number with a risk map value of 17, Pile head bore work, ceiling material transportation work from storage, test commissioning work with each value of 32 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19.

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

130 An Exposure Assessment of dust- and Respirable Quartz Levels During Indoor Renovations

Abstract Construction workers are exposed to a complex mix of inorganic dust and other components. Workers doing interior demolition and renovation work are particularly at risk as the work operations can produce large quantities of dust in areas with low ventilation. The aim of this work is to assess the dust- and respirable quartz levels that workers in the construction industry are exposed to. An additional goal with the study is to investigate the inorganic components present in the respirable dust fraction using Rietveld as a multicomponent analysis with XRD. Workers in the construction industry have been carrying personal respirable air samplers during work with concrete and building bricks. Quartz content in respirable air samples is determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) by using the NISOH 7500 method. Gravimetric analysis of 67 respirable dust samples gave a mean of 1.34 mg/m3 (min 0.028 mg/m3 to max 6.0 mg/m3). Initial determination of quartz content by XRD revealed a mean of 0.109 mg/m3 (n=52) respirable quartz, with a minimum, maximum and median of 0.0074 mg/m3, 0.60 mg/m3 and 0.045 mg/m3 respectively. The X-ray diffractograms show a complex mixture of inorganic components. These results show that construction workers may be exposed to levels above the current OEL for respirable quartz. It is therefore important to measure the quartz levels in this industry.

Developing a Resilience Index for the Pile-Supported Piers of the Port of Batangas under Tsunami Load

The roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) transport system, which plays a huge role in the transportation and economy of the Philippines, mainly uses piers to provide smooth berthing of ships. However, its structural configuration attracts different hazards causing damage, particularly to piles. Tsunamis produce devastating wave forces. This may heavily result in discontinuity of the whole port operation as there will be no available berthing structure for ships. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the structural resilience of the pile-supported piers of the Port of Batangas against tsunami loads at different variations of wave height and water depth. Structural software was used to model the piers and incorporate calculated tsunami drag forces. Furthermore, pushover analysis was performed to produce the base shear versus displacement curves needed for the calculation of the robustness index. The rapidity index, on one hand, is based on an interview with the Philippine Ports Authority - Port Management Office (PPA-PMO) of Batangas resulting in recovery rates for demolition works and pile replacement. Combining these indices using the concept of resilience triangle, values of the resilience index ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 were calculated at both longitudinal and transverse directions. As a result, the piers were categorized as highly resilient in almost 50% of the tsunami load cases. It proved that the pier with existing batter piles exhibits higher resilience than the other which is only supported by vertical piles.

Evaluation of external dose exposure of workers during house demolition and dose reduction work in a difficult-to-return zone

Since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, many decontamination works have been carried out. Although the exposure status of decontamination workers has been appropriately managed by the government, there are few examples of detailed analysis of external dose exposure conditions. In this study, on the basis of the GPS location information obtained from GPS devices carried by the workers together with their personal dosimeters, the air dose rate in the work area and the characteristics of each type of work were analyzed. The results showed that more than 50% of the measured actual exposure doses were more than twice the median planned exposure dose calculated from the air dose rate and the number of actual working hours. Furthermore, the analysis by work type showed that demolition workers tended to have higher exposure doses. Such information on workers' external exposure doses linked to location information is useful for a detailed analysis of external exposure factors. Such an analysis also contributes to the optimization of future radiation protection programs for workers.

Arquitectura y territorio. El desmantelamiento del barrio de El Cabo (1957- 2022)

Currently the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife continues immersed in its regenerative metamorphosis. One of its neighbourhoods, El Cabo, underwent enormous changes agreed upon in the first general urban planning plan that restructured its disorderly plot of post-conquest origins (1496). It disappeared to be reborn, eliminating all the working-class houses, as well as some streets, leaving three buildings standing: The Hospital of Our Lady of the Forsaken (1749), the San Carlos barracks (1875) and the hermitage of San Telmo (early century xvi). The demolition, construction and rehabilitation work began in 1963 and did not stop until the recent 2022

Use of recycled aggregate and fly ash in the development of concrete composite

Continuous economic growth poses severe problems of waste disposal for civil engineering construction and demolition works. In this research work, recycled aggregate (RCA) and fly ash in concrete composites for pavements are presented. The approach adopted here is to replace a large amount of normal aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregate, obtained from various crushed concrete and partial substitution of Portland cement by fly ash to develop rigid pavement concrete. A preliminary test is conducted on the materials which are used in the development of concrete pavement. Results have satisfactory results as per Indian standard guidelines. The compressive strength is determined at a proportion of fly ash varying from 0 to 40%, which gives a wide range of adding fly ash and recycled aggregate to achieve the aggregate's better mechanical property. It also determines the concrete's long-term flexural strength by partially replacing the RCA and fly ash, an important parameter in rigid pavement design. At 28 days and 56 days, the compressive strength is determined for different fly ash and recycled aggregate proportions, and concrete having more fly ash shows better results at 56 days’ compressive strength.

Influence of Waste Concrete and Glass Recycled on the Strength Properties of Green Reactive Powder Concrete

These days, the world is facing a global environmental and sustainability problem due to the increasing generation of large amounts of waste through construction and demolition work, which causes a serious problem for the environment. Therefore, this research was conducted to get rid of the waste disposal problems, including old glass and concrete, which were used as recycled fine aggregates. Seven different mixtures were prepared. The first mixture was with the used sand, which is glass sand, and it was adopted as a reference mixture (ORPC), and three mixtures were prepared for each of the recycled materials (waste concrete and glass) and partially replaced by glass sand in different proportions (25, 50, and 75) %. Some mechanical properties, including compressive strength and flexural strength, were determined and tested at the age of (14, 28, and 90) days. Samples were processed at 20°C and heat treated at 90°C for 90 days. The results showed that the resistance reductions increased with the increase in the percentage of recycled fine aggregate, and the best replacement ratio is 25% for both materials used from waste concrete and glass.