Demineralization Process Research Articles

Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Luthfiyana N, Bija S, Nugraeni CD, Lembang MS, Anwar E, Laksmitawati DR, Nusaibah, Ratrinia PW, Mukmainna. 2022. Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4018-4025. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shells (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chitosan was produced from deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation processes. Nanoparticles of chitosan were produced by the ionic gelation method. The quality of produced chitosan was tested, and characterized the obtained nanoparticles of chitosan. The results showed that the yield of chitosan was 5.82 ± 0.02%, moisture 1.66 ± 0.05%, ash 1.59 ± 0.21%, nitrogen 1.32 ± 0.06%, and degree of deacetylation (DD) 76 ± 0.00%. All results were in accordance with the Protan Laboratory and Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2010 standard. Next, the characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles showed that the highest intensity was 15.69 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.346 and a zeta potential of -26.1 mV. The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) at 7,500 times magnification. Several elements, such as C and O, were found as constituent elements of chitosan, whereas Mg, Al, P, and Ca, were metal impurities of the shell. Na was derivate from NaTTP, a reactant from mangrove crab nano chitosan. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that 1% (P4) chitosan extract showed highest zone of inhibition i.e. 13.55 mm and 13.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively.

Specific Surface Area Enhancement of Waste Tire-Based Activated Carbon by Demineralization Technique and Adsorption of Methylene Blue

This study was focused on the synthesis of activated carbon from a waste tire and the enhancement of its specific area by a demineralization technique that can be used for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB). Maximum MB removal (89.41%) was attained at an impregnation ratio value of 0. A maximum yield (42.65%) was found at 48 h. Waste tire-based activated carbon (WTAC)'s ability to remove MB was increased by large values up to an impregnation time of 24 h. WTAC has a maximum MB removal of 90.13% at 4 M of KOH. The sample had a surface area of 53 m2/g. This sample was demineralized by using NaOH and H2SO4 in a 1 : 1 ratio, and the surface area was enhanced to 257 m2/g. In the demineralization process, a massive decrement of metals from the waste was seen; for each metal, namely, Zn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, 43.79%, 32.45%, 27.95%, and 6.843% reductions were achieved, respectively. After this process, the maximum removal of MB was found at 1.2 g adsorbent dosage, 120 min, pH 8, the temperature of 20°C, and an initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption mechanism revealed that the process of adsorption happens at a specific site of homogeneous adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption process of the dye is mainly affected by the chemical reaction.

Application of fluoride disturbs plaque microecology and promotes remineralization of enamel initial caries

ABSTRACT Background The caries-preventive effect of topical fluoride application has been corroborated by a number of clinical studies. However, the effect of fluoride on oral microecology remains unclear. Objective To monitor the effect of fluoride on dental plaque microecology and demineralization/remineralization balance of enamel initial caries. Methods Three-year-old children were enrolled and treated with fluoride at baseline and 6 months. International Caries Detection and Assessment System II indices of 52 subjects were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Supragingival plaque samples of 12 subjects were collected at baseline, 3 and 14 days for 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Changes in microbial community structure were observed at 3 days after fluoridation. Significant changes in the relative abundance of microorganisms were observed after fluoride application, especially Capnocytophaga, unidentified Prevotellaceae and Rothia. Functional prediction revealed that cell movement, carbohydrate and energy metabolism were affected significantly after fluoride application. Fluoride significantly inhibited enamel demineralization and promoted remineralization of early demineralized caries enamel at 3 months. Conclusion Fluoride application significantly inhibited the progression of enamel initial caries and reversed the demineralization process, possibly by disturbing dental plaque microecology and modulating the physicochemical action of demineralization/remineralization. This deepened our understanding of caries-preventive effects and mechanisms of fluoride.

Chitosan from snapper fish scale waste (Lutjanus spp.) for edible coating

Indonesia is known for its rich fisheries sector. The portion of fish that can be consumed is only 40-50% of the total, the rest is disposed of as waste. Chitosan can be found in fish scales. This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan edible coating from scale waste in extending the shelf life of grapes and the level of consumer acceptance of chitosan edible coating. Chitosan was extracted through deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation process. Chitosan solutions were made with various concentrations. Based on the results, the chitosan obtained had a yield of 36,32%, water content 3,86%, and ash content 89,54%. In the antibacterial activity test, the inhibition zone formed by chitosan was smaller than 0% chitosan. In the calculation of the De Garmo test obtained the concentration of 0,5% was the best concentration of chitosan. Based on the results of the shelf life estimation test, chitosan coating treatment still cannot replace paraffin wax in extending the shelf life of grapes. In the organoleptic results between samples with coating compared to samples without coating, the results show that the provision of chitosan coating can be accepted by consumers without changing the organoleptic characteristics of the grapes.

Enamel remineralisation and efficacy of remineralising agents: A Review

To review current information and technology for tooth remineralisation. Searches in the "Scopus" and "Web ofKnowledge" databases, which date back to 1970s. English was the only language allowed. The study incorporatedboth original research and previously published reviews. Tooth remineralisation agents, products, and treatmentshave progressively increased in recent years due to the growing awareness of the significance of good dentalhealth among patients and general community. Both in vitro and in vivo tooth remineralisation anddemineralization research have been published regularly. Theobromine has been proposed as an effectiveremineralising agent and a viable alternative to fluorides in recent years. According to research, fluoride treatmentscan prevent dental enamel demineralization and remineralisation. An increasing number of products containingcalcium salts or calcium-based compounds have been added to oral care products to boost the delivery andretentiveness of fluoride into teeth. Calcium salts or materials, which provide an additional source of calcium,may aid in accelerating enamel remineralisation or hinder demineralization processes. These effects are possiblebecause calcium is a mineral. A new area of research inspired by bioactive materials for bone repair andregeneration, bioglass, in particular calcium silicates, shows promise for improving enamel health and is one typeof bioglass that contains calcium silicate.

IMPACT OF CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROMEMBRANE DEMINERALIZATION OF SUGAR SYRUP

The article presents the results of investigation the phenomenon of concentration polarization.
 The technological parameters of electrodialysis and electrodeionization processes at various applied voltages are presented. The results about the influence of concentration polarization on the efficiency of the electromembrane demineralization process of sugar syrup were concluded.

Remineralization of early enamel lesions with a novel prepared tricalcium silicate paste

To evaluate the remineralization potential of prepared tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste compared to silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide (SDF-KI) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on artificial enamel lesions. Thirty permanent sound molars were collected for the study. After cleaning, root cutting, and applying acid-resistant nail varnish, leaving a 4 × 4 mm buccal window, the teeth were subjected to demineralization process. The teeth were divided into three treatment groups (n = 10). In each group, the teeth were sectioned buccolingually to obtain two halves (30 self-control and 30 experimental halves). The self-control halves were subjected to cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 50, 100, and 150 µm from the external enamel surface, and micromorphological analysis at the superficial enamel surface. The experimental halves were subjected to the same tests after 30 days of remineralization. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) outcomes showed no significant difference in CSMH after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, three-way ANOVA outcomes showed a significant difference in calcium/ phosphate ratio after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels. (p < 0.05). The tricalcium silicate paste used in this study showed potential remineralization in subsurface enamel lesions.

PENGARUH MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN EMAIL GIGI

Introduction : One of the extrinsic factors that can cause surface enamel tooth damage occurs during consuming isotonic drinks excessively. This can lead to a demineralization process if the pH in the oral cavity reached 5,5. This study proposed to determine the effect of isotonic drinks on tooth enamel surface roughness. Method : Samples objects are 8 premolar teeth that are divided into 2 groups consisting of the treatment group and the control group. Treatment group samples were immersed in an isotonic drink and the control group was aquades of 20 ml for 5 minutes, repetition was done every 6 hours per day for a week. All samples were measured using the surface roughness tester. Results : There was an increase in the significant surface roughness of the tooth enamel after being soaked in isotonic drinks (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion : There is an effect of isotonic drinks on the surface roughness of the tooth enamel.

Hierarchical 2D to 3D micro/nano-histology of human dental caries lesions using light, X-ray and electron microscopy

Dental caries is a widespread disease that proceeds by damaging superficial tooth enamel by heterogeneous dissolution. Conventional histology identifies different zones within carious lesions by their optical appearance, but fails to quantify the underlying nanoscale structural changes as a function of specific location, impeding better understanding of the demineralisation process. We employ detailed collocative analysis using different imaging modalities, resolutions and fields of view. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) reveals subsurface 3D nanostructure within milled micro-sized volumes, whilst X-ray tomography allows minimally destructive 3D imaging over large volumes. Correlative combination of these techniques reveals fine detail of enamel rods, inter-rod substance, sheaths, crystallites and voids as a function of location. The degree of enamel demineralisation within the body of the lesion, near its front, and at the surface is visualized and quantified in 3D. We thus establish the paradigm of dental 3D nano-histology as an advanced platform for quantitative evaluation of caries-induced structural modification.

A Review of Chemical Demineralization and Desulphurization of High Ash &amp; High Sulphur Lignite Coal

Globally, large reserves of low grade or lignite coal are available. Low-ranking coal contains high mineral content, moisture content, and low calorific value. The major problem in coal is sulphur and ash When used for combustion, this type of coal imposes harmful impacts on the environment. It results in the production of greenhouse gases and ash, which are hazardous for the environment and human health. Usually, the demineralization and desulphurization process is used to remove the minerals matters before its use in industrial processes such as combustion, carbonization, gasification and liquefication. Which are harmful to the environment if combusted untreated. Therefore, the number of upgrading technology is being used to reduce the mineral matters from coal and save the environment. The current paper reviews the potential of demineralization and desulphurization processes to enhance the usability of lignite coal. Moreover, it focuses on preserving the high-grade coal which is already depleted in abundance.

Blends Containing Amphiphilic Biopolymers and their Compatibility Behavior

Abstract: This mini-review deals with the miscibility behaviour of two biopolymers, chitosan and alginate. It is well known that the miscibility in multifunctional polymer blends is favoured due to specific interactions, which origin a negative heat of mixing. Particular interest is focused on functionalized polymers because they are the most suitable way to obtain interacting polymers, producing a single-phase material. Due to the polyfunctionality of chitosan (CS) and other biopolymers, they can be taken into account as a basis of a strongly interacting polymer. They would allow obtaining compatible polymeric materials. For this reason, blends containing CS with different vinyl polymers have been studied. The most significant polymeric blends with these natural polymers will be analyzed in this review. Chitosan is obtained from the biopolymer chitin through sequential processes of demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The native chitin is obtained by direct separation from the marine crustaceans shell, which is abundant on the sea coasts. Some classic results that relate to the polymeric blends containing amphiphilic polymers will be discussed. Another biopolymer of the coast is Sodium Alginate (SA). Alginate also allows the formation of compatible polymer blends. Results in this regard will also be analyzed in this review.

Comparative Evaluation of Influence of Nd:YAG Laser (1064 nm) and 980 nm Diode Laser on Enamel around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study.

(1) Background: The prevention of demineralizing lesions at the enamel structure level continues to represent a challenge in daily dental practice. When bacteria influence the pH level, this will decrease below the threshold for remineralization and the dissociation of hydroxyapatite will occur with a high percentage of phosphate and calcium loss. These elements continue to be studied by many authors in order to obtain a working protocol that will lead to their stabilization at the level of the enamel structure, thus preventing the demineralization process. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the influence of two types of laser wavelengths on the surface morphology and mineral components of the enamel through an examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). (2) Methods: Thirty permanent human incisors extracted for periodontal reasons from patients aged 25–40 years old were selected for this study. Metallic brackets (SS Standard 022 Slot, OC Orthodontics, McMinnville, OR, 97128, USA) were bonded onto each tooth. The buccal surface was randomly assigned three sections: Section A—negative control (no treatment), section B—treated with 980 nm Gallium–Aluminum–Arsenide diode laser (a 300 µm optic fiber was used with 0.8 W output power, energy density of 5.33 J/mm2, in continuous mode, for 30 s, oriented perpendicularly to the enamel surface in contact mode) (KaVo GENTLEray 980 Diode Laser, Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH, Biberach, Germany), and section C—treated with Nd:YAG laser (a 300 µm fiber was carried out at a 1 mm distance from the enamel surface with 0.75 W power, 75 mJ pulse energy, pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, 5 J/mm2 fluency, average exposure time of 30 s, and water cooling assisted) (LIGHTWALKER AT S, M021-5AF/1 S, Fotona d.o.o, Ljubljana, Slovenia). The elements evaluated in this study were calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), oxygen (O), and carbon (C). A one-way analysis of variance, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests were carried out to evaluate the results using the SPSS 19 IBM Statistical package software for Microsoft. (3) Results: The evaluation of the data indicated that both wavelengths produced an increase in Ca wt% (for diode laser the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.06, while that after treatment reached 28.24; and for Nd:YAG laser, the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.31, while that after treatment reached 33.88); as well, the 980 nm diode laser decreased P wt% (from 17.20 before irradiation to 16.92 after irradiation) and the Nd:YAG laser increased P wt% (from 17.46 before irradiation to 18.28 after irradiation). These results showed a statistically significant difference at the p < 0.05 level. (4) Conclusions: It can be concluded that the best improvement of enamel chemical composition was obtained with Nd:YAG irradiation.

White Spot Lesions: A Serious but Often Ignored Complication of Orthodontic Treatment

Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to present an overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and latest advances on white spot lesions. Background: White spot lesions have been defined as the earliest stage of demineralization on enamel surfaces that are easily discernible to the human eye. Methods: Relevant articles on white spot lesions were searched and reviewed from March 1975 till May 2021 in Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect and were included in this review. Results: Even though the orthodontic field has seen several advances over the last few years, this is one complication that persists. White spot lesions are very commonly seen after completion of fixed orthodontic therapy when brackets are debonded. Previously conducted research has shown that there is a high prevalence rate of white spot lesions, which ranges from 50 to 90%. On intra-oral examination, a white spot can be seen as a matte-textured, opaque white lesion. Since the demineralization process takes place below the enamel surface, the outer layer only demonstrates pores that affect the natural light refractory properties of a tooth. This is what leads to the characteristic appearance of these lesions. One of the goals of modern dentistry is to treat non-cavitated lesions by promoting remineralization without the involvement of any invasive procedures. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic therapy is usually a lengthy process and requires active cooperation between the orthodontist and the patient. However, it is the responsibility of the treating orthodontist to examine the tooth surfaces at each appointment to diagnose a developing white spot lesion as early as possible. With recent advances in diagnostic techniques, it has become much easier to identify these initial lesions and prevent their progression to cavitated lesions.

Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Combustion Characteristics and Combustion Kinetics of Coals Subjected to Different Chemical Demineralization Processes.

In order to explore the influence of different chemical demineralizations on coal combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics, five coals subjected to different chemical demineralization processes were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis. The ash contents of clean coal was reduced to 0.1–1.55% after different chemical demineralizations. The ignition temperature of coal decreased by 12–69 °C, and the peak temperature decreased by 7–62 °C. The burnout temperature of clean coal increased by 63 °C after demineralization by NaOH. The adsorption of noncombustible NaOH into the porous structure of TaiXi-3 caused an increase in burnout temperature. Alkali-soluble minerals were proven to have a negative effect on the combustion performance of coal, while acid-soluble minerals had the opposite effect. The combustion kinetics of five kinds of coals at a heating rate of 10 °C/min was investigated. The activation energy of coal obviously changes before and after demineralization (58.39–91.39 kJ mol–1). The activation energy of clean coal is obviously lower than that of raw coal.

Therapeutic Effect of the Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) appears during the same age group in which vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are evident. Vitamin D deficiency could predispose to BPPV, since these two entities share a demineralization process. Objective To establish the otological impact of vitamin D supplementation in patients with its deficiency who suffer from BPPV. Methods This was a randomized clinical trial. A total of 35 patients with vitamin D deficiency (< 30 ng/ml) and BPPV were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (control group): treatment with repositioning maneuvers; and Group 2: treatment with repositioning maneuvers and vitamin D supplementation. Results A follow-up of between 6 and 13 months and a log rank test revealed that the probability of recurrence between the experimental groups was significantly different, with group 2 having a decreased recurrence of vertigo ( p = 0.17). Scores in the Dizziness Handicap inventory (DHI) in patients treated with vitamin D supplementation were smaller (10 ± 9) when compared with a score of 36 ± 9 in the control group. Conclusion Plasmatic values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D have an impact in patients with BPPV, who present an improvement in their quality of life when their vitamin D levels are replaced with supplementation. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo could stop being perceived as a purely otologic disease.

PROSES OPTIMASI DESALINASI DAN DEMINERALISASI UNTUK MENJAMIN KUANTITAS DAN KUALITAS AIR PROSES DAN DOMESTIK DI PT INEOS AROMATICS INDONESIA

Enhancement Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production capacity from 500,000 tons/year to 576,000 tons/year resulted in increase of water demand, so an optimization process for desalination and demineralization units is needed. This research aims to find how the desalination and demineralization optimization process is carried out to ensure the quantity and quality of water at PT INEOS Aromatics Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting literature studies, observing the optimization of desalination and demineralization processes, interviews and laboratory testing of water samples. The result of this research is that the desalination and demineralization optimization process has been successfully, with quantity of desalt water product is 197 tons/hour. Parameters for the production process, namely conductivity 0.8 µs/cm, copper (Cu2+) 0.005 ppm, sulfate (SO2-) 0 ppm, silica (SiO2-) 0 ppm and for domestic, namely temperature 30.8 oC, color 9 TCU, pH 6.8 ppm, odorless, tasteless, hardness (CaCO3) 0 ppm, turbidity 0.05 NTU, total dissolved solids (TDS) 0.8 ppm, nitrit (NO2-) 0 ppm, nitrate (NO-) 0.009 ppm, escherichia coli 0 CFU/100ml and total coliform 0 CFU/100ml. These values meet the quality standards set by the Amoco Research and Development and Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017.&#x0D;

&lt;strong&gt;Comparison between carbonated and fruit-based soft drinks effect on calcium release from enamel surface of extracted permanent teeth&lt;/strong&gt;

Introduction: People widely consume soft drinks due to their easy accessibility and delightful taste, without realising the impact on the tooth surface. Enamel dissolves easily due to acidic products that contact acid, a chemical demineralisation process (dental erosion). This study aimed to analyse the comparison between carbonated and fruit-based soft drinks effect on calcium release from enamel surface of extracted permanent teeth. Methods: In-vitro study with a time-series design was conducted on the population of extracted premolars taken from a private dental clinic and orthodontics clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. The sample was obtained using the pairwise difference hypothesis test formula. The samples were 24 pieces divided into two treatment groups by immersing in carbonated drinks and fruit-based soft drinks for 5 to 60 minutes. The statistical test used was the independent t-test and generalised linear model-repeated measures (GLM-RM). Results: The calcium level after immersion in the carbonated drink at the fifth minute was 0.476±0.397 mg/L, then increased significantly at the sixtieth minute to 3.058±0.811 mg/L (p=0.001). In the fruit-based soft drinks immersion group, the dissolved calcium at the fifth minute was 0.671±0.208 mg/L, then increased significantly to 2.258±1.351 mg/L (p-value=0.028). Neither carbonated drinks nor fruit-based soft drinks showed a significant effect on the levels of dissolved calcium (p-value=0.135). Conclusion: In the fifth minutes of immersion, fruit-based soft drinks caused higher calcium release level compared to carbonated soft drinks. In contrast, in the sixtieth-minutes of immersion, the calcium release is found to be higher in the carbonated soft drinks group.

Dental tissue remineralization by bioactive calcium phosphate nanoparticles formulations

Recent health care products are based on formulations claimed to provide enamel remineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion through calcium-phosphate bioactive nanocompounds (ion-doped hydroxyapatite and precursor, amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles). This study aimed to characterize, test, and compare for the first time the structure and performance of a representative, market-available sample of remineralizing toothpastes and topical mousses. Formulations were characterized to determine their composition and investigate the presence of bioactive compounds and doping elements. A conventional fluoride-containing toothpaste was used as reference. The enamel remineralization and efficacy of dentinal tubules occlusion by tested formulations were investigated ex vivo on human hard tissues. All formulations containing Ca-P bioactive nanocompounds showed remineralizing ability by epitaxial growth of a layer showing the morphology and composition of human hydroxyapatite. Such layers also embedded nanosilica clusters. The presence of doping elements or casein phosphopeptide seemed essential to allow such performances, especially when hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate compounds were doped with small amounts of CO32−, F−, Mg2+, and Sr2+. Topical mousse formulations showed a higher tubules occlusion capability than toothpastes, independently from their composition. Therefore, all tested formulations could be useful in restoring tooth structures in a biomimetic way, contrasting dental demineralization processes leading to caries.

Pengaruh Isolasi Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras Petelur Terhadap Kadar Abu

Eggshell powder for laying hens contains calcium carbonate CaCO3 (98%) and calcium (28%), efficacious as an antiseptic, antibacterial, and the development of the mineral apatite in the formation of bones and teeth. Eggshell powder is an organic waste that has the potential to be used as a supplement material for calcium sources for humans. However, the content of eggshells consists of inorganic compounds that produce ash. Eggshells as a supplement material must meet quality and safety standards, but this has never been done. Therefore, in this study, an ash content test was carried out with the aim of knowing the inorganic content in the isolation of eggshells of laying hens. Eggshells were isolated by demineralization and deproteination processes. The test results showed that the ash content in the eggshells of laying hens was 95.13%, while in the isolation results the ash content was 96.13%.

Dissolution kinetics of calcium ions in hydrothermal demineralization of eucalyptus

Alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEM) can be removed from lignocellulosic biomass via a new demineralization process constituting hydrothermal treatment. The dissolution mechanism of AAEM in different demineralization processes has not been extensively studied. This study employed calcium as a representative of the AAEM group, and changes in the concentration of calcium ions during the hydrothermal demineralization of eucalyptus wood were studied. The dissolution kinetics were modelled using Fick’s second law. The effects of the reaction temperature, hydrolysate pH, and holding time on the dissolution rate of calcium ions were investigated. The kinetic equation for calcium ion dissolution was expressed as ln(1.9532e0.0077T/1.9532e0.0077T-C) = (0.4257P-0.2142e-10622.1/8.314T)t + ln(1.9532e0.0077T/1.056×10-8T3.5263p0.4449). The activation energy of the reaction was 10.62 kJ/mol. The linear regression coefficient (R2) of the predicted and experimental values was 0.9879, which implied high precision of the kinetic model. The results showed that the calcium ions underwent rapid internal diffusion and dissolution during hydrothermal demineralization. The study provides theoretical support for the efficient removal of alkali earth metals via hydrothermal demineralization.