Toward a just and robust energy transition in Indonesia: A multi-scale, multi-dimensional assessment of coal moratorium and renewable energy integration.

Enhancing hybrid renewable system performance through load shifting: A multi-objective optimization and forecasting approach

Optimization dispatching strategy for microgrid clusters with the integration of carbon quota trading

This research develops a water-centric nexus assessment framework for Thailand’s major crops: rice, sugarcane, and cassava, within shared cultivation areas. The framework examines interaction among water use, agricultural productivity, and economic performance, positioning water as the central analytical dimension. A 10-year monthly dataset (2013–2022) from official sources was examined, and farmer interviews confirmed the relevance of variables, cost structures, and adaptive capacity. Applying a system-thinking approach using VENSIM software to construct causal loop diagrams and perform scenario-based analyses rather than full dynamic simulations. The framework integrates three normalized components: water mass productivity, economic water productivity, and water security, into a composite nexus index. Results indicate that sugarcane has the highest water productivity (0.010 tons/m 3 ), followed by cassava (0.004 tons/m 3 ) and rice (0.00031 tons/m 3 ). Sugarcane also demonstrates superior economic water productivity, yielding higher profits per unit of water consumed. Sensitivity analysis reveals that expanding cultivation areas generally reduces water security; however, productivity and water-use efficiency improvements can offset these impacts up to crop-specific land-use thresholds. The sustainable annual expansion rates are estimated at 0.68% for sugarcane and 0.75% for cassava, while rice requires a 0.26% reduction in cultivated area to sustain a positive Water–Economy–Food nexus. Beyond these thresholds, the nexus turns unfavorable. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of demand-side water management, strategic crop allocation, and farmer adaptability in sustaining a stable water-centric nexus. The proposed framework provides a practical decision-support tool for integrated agricultural water management and policy development in Thailand. • Developed a validated WEF Nexus framework using 10 years of real data for Thailand’s agricultural systems. • Sugarcane shows the highest water productivity and economic return, highlighting its resource efficiency potential. • Identified critical crop area thresholds beyond which WEF Nexus stability declines, guiding sustainable land use. • Farmers show moderate-high adaptability, with advanced varieties and controlled irrigation improving system resilience.

A multi-function shared hybrid battery energy storage system for commercial applications: Energy arbitrage, university building and electrical vehicle charging station

Demand-side management for smart homes with battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles integration under day-ahead pricing

A systematic study was conducted to relate gold nanoparticle (AuNP) loading–dependent film morphology on indium tin oxide (ITO) to electron-transfer characteristics and electrochemical signal reproducibility for aptasensor interface design. AuNPs were electrostatically immobilized on amine-functionalized ITO substrates to provide Au S anchoring sites for thiolated DNA aptamers, enabling target-general electrochemical transduction. Combined scanning electron microscopy and square-wave voltammetry revealed that AuNP concentration critically determined film morphology, charge-transport pathways, and measurement dispersion. An intermediate AuNP concentration of 1.0 mM produced the most uniform coverage, minimized charge-transfer resistance surrogates, and yielded the narrowest distribution of SWV peak currents, reflecting reduced coverage-induced heterogeneity while preserving conductive connectivity. In contrast, insufficient (0.5 mM) or excessive (3.0 mM) nanoparticle deposition caused incomplete coverage or aggregation, resulting in attenuated electrochemical response and elevated coefficients of variation. The optimized AuNP/ITO electrodes also exhibited stable, reproducible current attenuation upon aptamer–cell interaction, confirming their suitability as robust electrochemical aptasensor interfaces. These findings establish quantitative design principles for nanostructured AuNP/ITO conductive interfaces by identifying an intermediate coverage regime that maximizes current stability across repeats and supports reliable aptamer-based sensing.

The symmetrical phase-shift modulation of the three-to-two-level neutral-point-clamped dual-active-bridge (3/2LNPC-DAB) DC-DC converter has more controllable control variables than the conventional two-level DAB converter. The increase in control variables leads to an increase in the number of operating modes and inequality constraints, significantly complicating the modulation optimization process. To enhance the efficiency of the converter, this paper proposes an optimized quadruple phase-shift (OQPS) modulation considering both conduction losses and switching losses. Five effective operating modes that have the potential to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for all switching devices are screened based on the ZVS inequality constraints. The inductor peak current is used as an optimization objective to minimize the conduction losses while satisfying the ZVS inequality constraints. The boundary of the feasible region satisfied by the optimal solution is derived by numerical optimization. Based on this, an improved Lagrange function and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions are proposed to solve the analytical solution of OQPS modulation. Finally, the proposed OQPS modulation is applied to a 1.6kW prototype to verify the improvement of efficiency. The designed prototype can achieve 96.9% peak efficiency at 300V input and 150V output voltages. Compared with previous modulations, the proposed OQPS modulation can achieve the highest efficiency in the full power range.

Thermal risks and opportunities for a tropical invasive sea urchin in a fast-warming sea.

This paper proposes a unified PWM strategy for sup-pressing both intra-phase and zero-sequence circulating currents in two-parallel converters. The presented analytical modeling re-veals that certain vector combinations inherently enable simulta-neous control of both intra-phase and zero-sequence circulating currents. Then, ten candidate vector sequences are constructed us-ing those vector combinations. Since these vector sequences exhibit redundancy in the modulation region, we select the one with the lowest circulating current peak and RMS value. Subsequently, we develop a flowchart to implement the optimal vector sequences across the entire space vector plane. Quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art PWM methods demonstrate that the pro-posed method not only reduces intra-phase current but also achieves lower zero-sequence circulating current. Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method in suppressing both types of circulating currents.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) are characterized by genetic instability due to DNA damage leading to loss of muscular function. Genetic impacts of these diseases were probed by extracting DNA from selected muscle tissues of either a mouse model of X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx, DMD model) or a heterozygous col5a1 (+/-) mouse (EDS model). Complementary square wave voltammetry (SWV) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches were used to assess extracted DNA. SWV analysis was performed by immobilizing DNA layer-by-layer (LbL) on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes before oxidation in the presence of Ru(bpy)3 2+. Changes in SWV peak currents (Ip) at ∼+1.05 V vs. SCE indicated significant DNA alterations in the genetically altered mouse tissues compared to wild type (WT) controls. Both mdx and heterozygous col5a1(+/-) samples exhibited statistically significant decreased Ip levels (p < 0.05) compared to WT DNA suggesting guanine content varied due to the genetic alterations, which was statistically more significant in leg muscle DNA. MS/MS validated and expanded on the SWV results. DNA base analysis showed increased oxidative damage alongside changes in undamaged base content in mdx mice. DNA from col5a1(+/-) leg muscles exhibited significant changes to undamaged base content, showcasing similar trends.

Background and purpose: Epinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an important chemical mediator in the central nervous system of mammals. Experimental approach: The hydrothermally synthesized NiO nano­structures were used for the modification of a screen-printed electrode, and they were characterized and used in this work for the voltammetric determination of epinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen. Several electrochemical techniques were employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of NiO-modified screen-printed carbon electrode, including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Key results: The differential pulse voltammetry peak current of epinephrine was linear with concentration in the range from 0.01 to 400.0 μmol L-1, and the limit of detection was 0.005 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1167 μA L μmol-1. The findings indicated that the current signals for epinephrine were significantly amplified, a result attributed to the superior catalytic performance of the NiO nanostructures. Furthermore, the oxidation peaks for epinephrine and acetaminophen were distinctly separated, with potential differences of approximately 360 mV and 545 mV, respectively. Conclusion: Furthermore, the NiO modified screen-printed carbon electrode was successfully applied to quantify epinephrine and acetamino­phen in both urine samples and pharmaceutical formulations. The results indicated satisfactory recovery rates for the target analytes. Consequently, this electrode is suitable for the analysis of both compounds in pharmaceutical and clinical laboratory settings.

Train door actuation systems are critical safety components in railway vehicles, where early fault detection is essential for safe operation and reduced service disruptions. Conventional monitoring approaches often rely on additional sensors such as infrared detectors or vision systems, which increase system complexity and cost. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a wavelet-based health monitoring structure for detecting electrical and mechanical faults using motor current signal analysis. A dynamic model of the train door actuation mechanism, including a DC motor, gearbox, and lead screw, was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate conditions such as armature electrical faults, brush wear, increased friction, and lead screw misalignment. Motor current signals were analyzed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform with a Daubechies (db10) mother wavelet to extract diagnostic features based on the L1-norms of wavelet coefficients at levels W8 and W9 along with the motor starting current peak. Experimental validation using a LabVIEW-based test platform demonstrated fault detection accuracy above 96% with a response time below 0.3 s, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach for predictive maintenance of railway door systems.

In this research, a procedure was developed for the detection of Cu(II) ions in water using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MWCNTs/Uio-66(Zr)-NH₂ MOF/GCE). The analysis was performed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The excellent sensitivity of the created sensor (MWCNTs/Uio-66(Zr)-NH₂ MOF/GCE) for Cu(II) determi­nation is attributed to the synergy between the strong chelating ability of the terminal amino groups (-NH₂) on the Uio-66 (Zr)-NH₂ MOF for metal ions and the extensive surface area provided by the MWCNTs. The key parameters influencing the stripping current res­ponse of Cu(II), namely, pH, accumulation potential, and accumulation time, were syste­ma­tically studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the stripping peak current of Cu(II) ions exhibited a linear relationship with concentration over the range of 0.001 to 10.0 μM. The limit of detection for Cu(II) ions was calculated to be 0.0005 μM. Finally, the MWCNTs/Uio-66 (Zr)-NH₂ MOF/GCE sensor was employed to determine Cu(II) ions in real water specimens, yielding acceptable recovery rates.

Highly-efficient enantioselective detection of tyrosine enantiomers based on xylose-inulin film.

Coordination of multi-energy prosumers with demand side management

Residential energy systems are moving toward carbon neutrality as households electrify their energy demand and install photovoltaic (PV) generators. These shifts alter the household demand profiles and temporal generation-side variations, causing significant shifts in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission patterns. This trend highlights the need for hourly CO2 emission factors to quantitatively capture emission dynamics and, in turn, resolve demand–supply imbalances and reduce overall CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated control strategy of appliances and batteries (BTs) in electrified houses with PV generators. The control method minimizes the demand–supply imbalance by maximizing household energy self-sufficiency using an exhaustive search algorithm. The controller schedules heat pump, water heater, air conditioner, and BT operations based on the PV availability. We conducted a case study using Japanese household data and different PV-BT capacities to evaluate the control performance. The results indicate that 78–82% of the daily household CO2 emissions occur between 4p.m. and 8 a.m., when the hourly CO2 emission factors are higher than those during daylight. Under the same PV-BT capacity, for Tokyo, the controlled system reduced the monthly CO2 emissions by 9–23% and decreased the annual household costs by 4–10% under a CO2 tax scenario when compared with the uncontrolled method. These findings indicate that coordinating the appliance and BT operations with PV generation can effectively reduce residential CO2 emissions and support demand-side pathways toward energy self-sufficient carbon–neutral homes.

Local energy exchange can unlock synergistic potentials of variable renewables, sector-coupling technologies, and operational flexibility. Understanding the optimal operation and satisfactory cost-benefit allocation between participants is especially challenging due to the complex interaction. This work presents an open-source, operation and investment optimization model for energy communities with electricity- and heat trading. Internal payments according to competitive- and cooperative (game theoretic) principles are compared. The case study for analyzing potential benefits is a suburban town with high renewable energy potentials, residential-, and commercial participants, and technologies - e.g., generation, storage, and demand-side management. The results present a viable case for multi-sectoral energy communities, in which external costs are reduced by 23% with electricity trading, and by 33% with additional heat exchange. With the integrated operation, self-consumption of variable renewables increases by 12%. Energy import and associated emissions decrease by less than 10% as natural gas is still relevant for space heating. Nevertheless, the higher value of heat pumps paves the way for further adoption and lowering fuel imports. Every participant profits from the local exchange after the allocation. Therefore, individual rationality is preserved. However, households benefit more under a cooperative principle, whereas revenues for CHP and wind generation are higher under a competitive scheme. The findings are relevant to the policy and composition design, e.g., the marginal savings in homogeneous settings reveal the importance of inclusivity and technology openness.

Vietnam's energy transition is strong, and therefore, Vietnam needs a policy framework appropriate to the current context to promote this sustainable transition. This study assesses energy policy alternatives in Vietnam in order to identify the best policy strategies for sustainable energy transition by using a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach. The research basically applies a DEMATEL-VIKOR framework to discuss five policy alternatives: Renewable Energy Promotion (RP), Energy Efficiency and Demand-Side Management (EE&amp;DSM), Grid Modernization (GM), Fossil Fuel Transition (FFT), and Institutional, Regulatory and Market Reform (IR). Seven criteria, from Economic Efficiency (EE) to Policy Consistency (PC), were used for evaluation. The analysis by DEMATEL points to the Institutional and Regulatory Effectiveness (IE) as being the most crucial causal driver with the highest prominence score of 3.84 and a net causality value of 0.53. These results give direct information to the VIKOR analysis, where IR (A5) is the best compromise solution with a perfect Q-index value of 0.00 and the lowest individual regret (R-index) value of 0.08. In comparison, Fossil Fuel Transition (FFT) ranked the worst with a Q-index of 1.00. Sensitivity analysis to prove the robustness of IR as the dominant policy for all decision-making parameters (v). The results have illustrated that the energy policy of Vietnam should place more emphasis on institutional strengthening and grid modernization (Q = 0.22) than stand-alone technological deployment to ensure a stable, efficient, and equitable energy transition.

Optimizing demand-side energy management for stand-alone wind-solar microgrids in rural settlements: A case study for nomadic Yurt in Kazakhstan