Delirious Behavior Research Articles

Glucose metabolism in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenic patients

We retrospectively collected three patients with clinically mild encephalitis with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) after mumps vaccination, and reviewed five patients, including two patients previously reported. The five patients (all males, aged 1 to 9) presented with fever, vomiting, or headache as the initial symptoms (day 0), suggesting meningitis, at 13 to 21 days after mumps vaccination. Consciousness disturbance, delirious behavior, seizures, or dysarthria was observed on days 1 to 3, which had completely resolved before day 11. Hyponatremia was observed in all patients. A cerebrospinal fluid study showed pleocytosis, and confirmed the vaccine strain genome. MRI revealed reduced diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum on days 2 to 4, which had completely disappeared on the follow-up studies performed on days 7–15. EEG showed high voltage slow wave in three patients, which later normalized. These findings led to a diagnosis of MERS after mumps vaccination. MERS after mumps vaccination may be more common than previously considered. MERS is suspected when a male patient after mumps vaccination presents with neurological symptoms with hyponatremia, following symptoms of aseptic meningitis, and MRI would be performed to examine the splenium of the corpus callosum.

REM Sleep without Muscle Atonia (Stage 1‐REM) and Its Relation to Delirious Behavior during Sleep in Patients with Degenerative Diseases Involving the Brain Stem

Nocturnal sleep was examined in 12 patients with degenerative diseases involving the brain stem and in 2 patients with late cerebellar cortical atrophy (LCCA). A peculiar sleep state, characterized by the concomitant appearance of a low-voltage mixed frequency EEG, rapid eye movements (REMs) and tonic EMG in mental muscles, repeatedly appeared during nocturnal sleep in all of the 12 patients with degenerative diseases involving the brain stem and it was called stage 1-REM after Tachibana et al. In 8 of the 12 patients, delirious or oneiric behavior appeared during, or soon after, the episodes of stage 1-REM. Inner experiences reported by one of the subjects well corresponded to his behavior during the episode of stage 1-REM. Stage 1-REM was not observed during nocturnal sleep of the patients with LCCA. These results indicate that a degenerative lesion in the brain stem induced stage 1-REM and delirious behavior during nocturnal sleep through abolishing muscle atonia of REM sleep and causing dissociation of the functional components characterizing REM sleep.

NON-CONVULSIVE ELECTRIC (FARADIC) SHOCK THERAPY OF PSYCHOSES ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOLISM, DRUG INTOXICATION AND SYPHILIS

Psyche and soma, interrelated, contribute to the reaction of delirium in toxic-organic psychoses. Delirious behavior is determined more by the type of personality of the individual than by the somatic changes in the brain. Since the psychogenic psychoses showing delirious behavior appear to respond best to shock therapy, this method was employed in the treatment of acute toxic-organic psychoses. Non-convulsive electric (faradic) shock therapy, a safe, simple and, inexpensive procedure, was given daily in conjunction with psychotherapy and the usual routine therapeutic measures. Thus reaction of delirium and the underlying organic disturbances were treated concurrently. In 67 cases of psychoses associated with alcohol and other drug intoxications, the duration of reaction of delirium was definitely shortened. In five cases of psychoses associated with syphilis of the central nervous system (general paresis), the acute delirious reactions responded favorably to this type of treatment. One patient show...