Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory Research Articles

Non-suicidal self-injury is associated with psychotic like experiences, depression, and bullying in Korean adolescents.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents, and several different factors can affect its prevalence. The present study examined the associated characteristics predicting NSSI among adolescents in South Korea. In total, 1674 high school students were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. They completed self-reported assessments, including the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16), as well as their bullying experience. The NSSI group was defined as the sample group with at least one NSSI behaviour on the DSHI scale. A logistic regression analysis was performed using the NSSI group as the dependent variable. The prevalence of NSSI was 28.3% (boys, 30.4%; girls, 24.4%) among adolescents. The most common type of NSSI behaviour among adolescents was interference with wound healing and sex differences in the method were examined. The CES-D, STAIC-trait, and PQ-16 scores were significantly higher and the RSES score was significantly lower in the NSSI group than those in the non-NSSI group. Participants' experience with bullying, such as being victims, bullies, bully-victims, and witness to bullying, were more likely to be in the NSSI group. In a logistic regression analysis, NSSI was significantly associated with male sex, low academic achievement, higher depression, psychotic-like experiences, being bullied, and witnessing bullying. The results of this study suggest the need to identify and manage related psychologic factors in adolescents with NSSI, including psychotic-like symptoms.

Alcohol use and risk factors for self-harm behavior in Spanish adolescents.

Self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents constitute an important public health problem with prevalence figures in the clinical population between 40 and 80%. The objectives of the study were to analyze and compare the Spanish sub-samples of two studies, SEYLE and WE-STAY to determine prevalence, self-harm patterns and factors associated with self-harm behaviors, notably the use of alcohol or drugs. The questionnaires used in both studies were the Global School Health Survey (GSHS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The self-harm behaviors were evaluated with a modified 6-item version of s the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The independence of the study's categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. The change in the relative risk of self-harm between the SEYLE study and WE-STAY was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR) calculation. Two different logistic regression models were calculated in order to establish the factors associated with self-harm behaviors in each study. In the present study, the rates of DSH vary according to study and sex, ranging from 0.58% to 2.08%, and different patterns of self-harm are evidenced by sex, with males self-injuring more frequently by self-inflicted blows and burns, while young women more often cut themselves. The presence of depressive symptoms and alcohol use were the factors most strongly associated with an increased risk of DSH.

Urdu Translation and Validation of 11-Item Measure to Assess Borderline Personality Features in Pakistani Adolescents

The current study includes Urdu translation and validation of Borderline Personality Features Scale–11 (BPFS-11) in two phases. Phase 1 included forward and back translation of BPFS-11, and Phase 2 included establishment of psychometric properties for BPFS-11. For this purpose, 930 adolescents were selected from different hospitals, schools, and colleges. The reliability value of the scale was .72. Exploratory factor analysis revealed factor structure with four principal dimensions; besides confirmatory factor analysis, goodness-of-fit indices indicated good fit of model to data, and two dimensions of scale and factors showed good values of internal consistency. The obtained value for goodness-of-fit index was .995, for adjusted goodness-of-fit index was .989, for comparative fit index was .998, for incremental fit index was .998, and for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was .019. Good values of composite reliability and convergent validity were measured for both dimensions of the scale. The analysis of criterion-related validity showed significant positive correlation of BPFS-11 with Affective Lability Scale, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, and neuroticism scale of Big Five Inventory. Significant differences were found between scores of individuals having borderline personality disorder and scores of normal individuals. The results of the current study indicated that BPFS-11 is short and easily administered diagnostic tool that has good psychometric properties and can be helpful for diagnosis of borderline personality features in adolescents. It can enhance the understanding of the participants regarding the statements of the scale for Urdu natives.

The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Norwegian versions of the deliberate self-harm inventory and the inventory of statements about self-injury

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a widespread transdiagnostic health problem with increasing prevalence among adolescences, and young adults. It is therefore essential to effectively chart the epidemiology of DSH, as well as to assess the efficacy of interventions designed to modify this behavior. The aim was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions of two instruments designed to assess DSH: the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS), as well as to assess the prevalence of DSH within a nonclinical Norwegian adult population. Of the 402 participants who completed a questionnaire packet comprising the DSHI, ISAS, general questions about DSH, and other related measures, 30.6% reported some form of DSH. Those with a history of DSH reported greater difficulties with emotion regulation than those without. Participants with and without a history of DSH did not differ in unrelated constructs, including social desirability. The frequency of specific DSH behaviors was in accordance with previous research, with cutting being the most frequent. The factor structure of DSH functions in the Norwegian ISAS was generally comparable to the factor structure of the English version. Overall, results indicate that: a) the Norwegian versions of the DSHI and ISAS behave as expected and in accordance with prior research in other languages and other populations, and b) both the DSHI and ISAS have high internal consistency and adequate construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and may be applied to evaluate DSH in adult Norwegian populations.

The Assessment of Alexithymia Across Positive and Negative Emotions: The Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire

Background: Construct of Alexithymia is important for understanding psychopathology that its assessment is of high interest as persons with difficulty in processing their emotions (either positive and negative) are more vulnerable to psychopathology problems. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Perth Alexithymia questionnaire (PAQ), and to describe appropriate measures for the field of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Methods: The Persian version of the PAQ was produced through forward translation, reconciliation, and back translation. The study population was all staff (soldiers) of the army force in Tehran, Iran, in 2018 - 2019. Two hundred and fifty four soldiers were selected by convenience sampling method. The following questionnaires were used to collect data: the PAQ, The Deliberate Self-Harm inventory (DSHI), Borderline Personality scale (STB), Cognitive Flexibility inventory (CFI), and Self-Compassion scale (SCS) short-form. The construct validity of the PAQ was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, divergent, and convergent validity. Internal Consistency and test-retest reliability (2 weeks’ interval) were applied to evaluate reliability. Data were analyzed using LISREL (version 8.8) and SSPS (version 22). Results: PAQ and its subscales were found as valid and reliable measures, with good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The PAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.91). Concerning the convergent validity, PAQ and its subscales showed a significant positive correlation with self-report measures of DSHI and STB (P < 0.05). However, they were negatively correlated with Self-Compassion scale (SCS) short-form and CFI (P < 0.05), which demonstrated a good divergent validity. Moreover, while the results of this study support the five-factor models of the PAQ (RMSEA = 0.08, NFI = 0.94, CFI= 0.95), the two-factor model does not fit the data. Conclusions: The PAQ showed good validity and reliability and can be useful for evaluating Alexithymia in the army force samples. The PAQ can be considered promising as a measure in Alexithymia-related research and clinical settings.

Gender Differences in Emotional Dysregulation and Deliberate Self-harm in Patients With Tramadol Dependence

Objectives: Gender differences in substance dependence across many domains including emotional dysregulation and deliberate self-harm (DSH) has not been studied widely. Tramadol dependence is the most one lacking empirical research and evidence regarding these differences; therefore, our aim is to detect gender differences in patients with tramadol dependence as regards emotional dysregulation and DSH. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 male and 30 female patients with tramadol dependence [diagnosis was made by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I)]. Assessment of emotional dysregulation and DSH was done by the Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory—Short Version. Results: Female patients are higher in emotional dysregulation and induce DSH more evidently than male patients with tramadol dependence. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between overall emotional dysregulation and overall DSH in both groups. Conclusion: The results will be useful in clinical practice for the management of patients with tramadol dependence.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Its Associations With Pathological Internet Use and Psychopathology Among Adolescents.

Background/HypothesesAs risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), most studies highlight the importance of internalising disorders, while only a few researches show the connection between externalising disorders and NSSI. Although some papers have introduced the idea that increasing prevalence rates of NSSI are connected to the broader use of the internet, associations between NSSI and pathological internet use (PIU) are understudied. According to our hypothesis, there is a connection between PIU and NSSI, but this is mediated by psychopathological factors from both internalising and externalising dimensions.MethodsIn line with the dimensional approach of psychiatric disorders, participants (N = 363) were recruited from both clinical (N = 202 psychiatric inpatient) and nonclinical (N = 161 adolescents from secondary schools) settings. Measurements: Demographic Questionnaire; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI); Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid (M.I.N.I. Kid).ResultsThere was high NSSI frequency (39.9%–71% of them were girls) in our sample. NSSI was significantly more frequent among those who showed threshold symptoms on SDQ than in the subthreshold group [H(3) = 53.293, p <.001]. In the NSSI frequency, there was also a significant difference between ‘normal’ internet users and both ‘maladaptive’ and ‘pathological’ internet users [H(2) = 10.039, p <.05 p = .007]. According to the mediator models, the relationship between PIU and NSSI is not a direct association; it is mediated by all examined psychopathological factors (M.I.N.I. kid diagnoses) except for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alcohol abuse and dependence, and adjustment disorder.ConclusionsWe found a high frequency of NSSI. According to our results, PIU in itself is not a risk factor for NSSI but might become a risk factor in the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. All of these findings draw the attention of clinicians to the importance of careful screening of comorbid disorders with PIU.

Suicidality, self-harm, and their correlates among transgender and cisgender people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand or Australia

BackgroundTransgender people experience high rates of suicidality and self-harm. Past research has established a range of correlates of suicidality/self-harm among transgender people but little is known about whether these correlates are similar for transgender and cisgender people.AimsThe aim of this study was to test whether a range of potential demographic and psychosocial correlates of suicidality/self-harm hold for both transgender and cisgender people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 700 adults living in Aotearoa/New Zealand (n = 328) or Australia (n = 372). Targeted advertising was used to recruit transgender respondents (n = 392) and cisgender respondents (n = 308). Participants completed questions about demographics, discrimination (the Everyday Discrimination Scale), distress (the Kessler-10 scale), social support (the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), resilience (the Brief Resilience Scale), suicidality (the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale and other questions about ideation/attempts), and self-harm (the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory).ResultsLifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm were more common among transgender participants. Discrimination was associated with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime self-harm, particularly for transgender participants. Distress was consistently associated with recent suicidality and self-harm for transgender participants. Younger cisgender participants were more likely to report lifetime self-harm. Recent suicidal ideation was associated with lower social support among transgender participants but with lower resilience among cisgender participants.DiscussionThese findings reaffirm and expand on past research on suicidality/self-harm among transgender or cisgender people and demonstrate the relevance of tackling discrimination and distress experienced by transgender people. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of meeting additional social support needs among transgender people to help prevent suicide and self-harm.

Resilience, trauma, and hopelessness: protective or triggering factor for the development of psychopathology among migrants?

BackgroundRecently, many studies have investigated the role of migration on mental health. Nonetheless, only few focused on the consequences of childhood trauma, hopelessness, and resilience on migrants’ psychopathology, including psychiatric disorders and symptoms.Method119 migrants were recruited between May 2017 and April 2018, among those applying for assessment to the Mental Health Operational Unit of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP) in Rome, Italy. Assessment included the following: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI).Results53.39% of migrants scored above the PCL-5 cut-off score (mean score was 39.45). SDS scores below the cutoff suggested the presence of depression in 42.37%, while According to SAS scores anxiety levels were low in 38.98% of migrants. During childhood, physical abuse and neglect were reported respectively by 56.78 and 69.49% of migrants.ConclusionWe found that Post Traumatic Stress Disorders play the role of mediators for the relation between the childhood traumatic experiences and aggressiveness, anxious and depressive symptomatology, while hopelessness is a mediator between the childhood traumatic experiences and the development of depression in adulthood. Hopelessness seems to influence the strength of the relation between childhood traumatic experiences and the individual’s current intensity of suicidal attitudes, plans, and behaviors. Further developments and future perspectives of the research project are to address key gaps in the field of resilience by means of a longitudinal evaluation study in migrants, including a native population control group, acceding to NIHMP.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicide: The Role of Life Events in Clinical and Non-Clinical Populations of Adolescents.

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in clinical and non-clinical populations of adolescents. Several studies have supported both the distinction and the strong association between NSSI and suicidal behavior. Although there is a great deal of data on the role of life events in both suicidal behavior and NSSI, few studies have assessed the role of life events in the NSSI–suicidal behavior relationship. Our aims were to explore the relationship between NSSI and suicidal behavior, and the possible moderating role of stressful life events in a clinical and non-clinical adolescent population.MethodA clinical (n = 202) and a nonclinical (n = 161) population of adolescents, aged 13–18 years were assessed. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and the Life Events List were used. Group differences related to suicidal behavior, NSSI, and life events were tested with Wilcoxon tests. Two- and three-way interactions were tested with negative binomial regression models including zero-inflation parameter.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal behavior (W = 7,306, p < .001), NSSI (W = 9,652, p < .001) and life events (W = 10,410 p < .001) were significantly higher in the clinical than in the non-clinical group. Between number of life events and NSSI, a moderate effect size (.38, 95%CI [.28,.46]) was found. The main effect of NSSI (χ2(1) = 109.65, p < .001) and group membership (χ2(1) = 39.13, p < .001) predicted suicidal behavior; the main effect of quantity of life events did not explain suicidal behavior. The interaction between NSSI and number of life events (χ2(1) = 10.49, p < .01) was associated with suicidal behavior. Among interpersonal, non-interpersonal events and adverse childhood circumstances, only interpersonal events were associated with both suicidal behavior (χ2(1) = 6.08, p < .05) and had a moderating effect (χ2(1) = 8.59, p < .01) on the NSSI–suicidal behavior relationship. Patterns of the effects of life events on the NSSI–suicidal behavior relationship did not differ in the two groups.ConclusionOur results confirm the importance of prevention and intervention of NSSI, considering its high prevalence and frequent co-occurrence with suicidal behavior in both clinical and non-clinical adolescent populations. Moreover, to support NSSI and suicide prevention, we would like to highlight the importance of stressful life events, especially those associated with interpersonal conflicts, require special attention.

Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder.

Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder.

Screening borderline personality disorder: The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the McLean screening instrument for borderline personality disorder

Background:Screening for personality disorders through reliable instruments is of high importance for clinical and preventive purposes. Examining the psychometric properties of measures in societies with diverse cultures can improve their external validity. This research is specifically aimed to studying psychometric properties of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) in a sample of Iranian men serving military service.Materials and Methods:The Persian version of the MSI-BPD was prepared through forwarding translation, reconciliation, and back-translation. A sample of 254 soldiers was selected through the convenience sampling method in Tehran and completed a set of questionnaires, including the MSI-BPD, The Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI), Borderline Personality Scale (STB), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) Short-Form. The construct validity of the MSI-BPD was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and divergent and convergent validity. Internal Consistency and test-retest reliability (2 weeks'interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL (version 8.8) and SSPS (version 22) software.Results:MSI-BPD and its subscales were found to be valid and reliable measures, with good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability among soldiers. In terms of convergent validity, MSI-BPD and subscales showed a significant positive correlation with self-report measures of DSHI and STB. MSI-BPD and subscales showed negative correlation with SCS Short-Form and CFI, thus demonstrated a good divergent validity. The results of this study also provide support for both one-factor and two-factor models of the MSI-BPD.Conclusion:The MSI-BPD showed good validity and reliability, making it a useful measure to Screening borderline personality disorder in the Iranian population. Screening offers a means of identifying persons for more detailed evaluation for early intervention and for research. The MSI-BPD is an efficient instrument suitable for screening purposes among soldiers.

The mediating role of emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 700 high school students studying in 2018–2019 from Kashmar were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The final analysis was performed on the 292 students who have at least once engaged in NSSI. Research tools include Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Child Abuse of Self-Report Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: The findings showed that emotion regulation and IU mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and NSSI. Conclusions: The findings confirmed the mediating role of emotion regulation and IU in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and NSSI. As a result, it is crucial that specialists and therapists take these variables into account when dealing with adolescent students in counseling and treatment centers.

Patterns and predictors of self-harm in patients with substance-use disorder.

Background:Suicide is a growing health concern and causes significant health burden. Patients with substance use disorders represent an especially vulnerable population in terms of self-harm. Data on risk factors for self-harm in substance-using population in the Indian context are limited. We aimed to determine the patterns and sociodemographic/clinical predictors of self-harm in patients with substance use disorders.Materials and Methods:We assessed 300 male patients on Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory to assess the patterns of self-harm. We performed mediation analysis to determine whether clinical variables acted via sociodemographic variables in their effect on self-harm.Results:The occurrence rate of self-harm was 32.7%. It was significantly associated with a younger age, being unmarried/separated, unemployed, history of injecting drug use, high-risk sexual behavior, and cannabis use disorders.Conclusion:Self-harm is an important consideration among patients with substance use disorders, and needs to be addressed by the clinicians involved in the care of such patients.

The Differential Role of Narcissism in the Relations Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dissociation, and Self-Harm.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is considered a risk factor for self-harm behaviors. According to the anti-dissociation model of self-harm, the relation between CSA and self-harm is mediated by dissociation. However, inconclusive evidence supporting this model suggests that this association may be moderated by vulnerability factors. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism represent distinct patterns of behaviors intended to deal with unmet needs of recognition. The aim of the study was to examine a model in which the relation between CSA and self-harm is mediated by dissociation, and the relation between dissociation and self-harm is moderated by grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism. A battery of self-reported questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, and Brief-Pathological Narcissism Inventory were filled out by 766 college/university students. Results indicated that self-harm was related to CSA through the mediation of dissociation. Moreover, the analyses yielded significant interactions of both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism with dissociation in predicting self-harm; the relation between dissociation and self-harm was significant among individuals with high levels of vulnerable narcissism, as well as among individuals with low levels of grandiose narcissism. These findings support the anti-dissociation model of self-harm. The findings also highlight the complex and ambiguous role of narcissism in the long-term adjustment of CSA survivors.

Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Japanese Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory

Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Japanese Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory

The Role of Difficulty in Identifying and Describing Feelings in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior (NSSI): Associations With Perceived Attachment Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Suicidal Ideation.

Objective: Core alexithymic features, such as the difficulty in identifying and describing feelings, are associated with poor attachment styles and emotional trauma, which influence the capacity to regulate affect. Additionally, emotional regulation has been found to be the most commonly identified function associated with non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) in adolescents as they attempt to modulate strong emotions. However, few studies have examined the link between difficulty in identifying and describing feelings (core components of alexithymia), NSSI behaviors, quality of attachment, life stressors and suicidal ideation in healthy early adolescents. Consequently, this study aims to investigate these constructs and the relationship among them in a large non-clinical sample of adolescents.Methods: Seven hundred and nine middle school students (50.4% males), aged 10–15 years (M = 12.6; SD = 1.06) were involved in this study. In order to investigate the variables considered in the study, the following measures were administered: the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory exploring non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors; the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children examining difficulty in identifying and describing feelings; the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment assessing the quality of parental and peer attachment; the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised outlining stressful/traumatic events and the Children’s Depression Inventory evaluating suicidal ideation.Results: We found significantly positive relationships among difficulty in identifying and describing feelings, NSSI behaviors, stressful events, and suicidal ideation. Data indicated a significant negative association of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings with quality of attachment to parents and peers. Further findings highlighted that difficulty in identifying and describing feelings significantly mediated the effect of quality of attachment (parent and peer) on NSSI and suicidal ideation.Conclusion: The ability to identify and describing feelings is important to managing emotional expression and understanding the feelings of others, both crucial in attaining successful interpersonal relationships. Our data revealed that, while controlling for stressful life events, low levels of attachment may increase adolescents’ difficulty in identifying and describing their own feelings, which in turn may increase the risk of both NSSI and suicidal ideation.

Restrictive eating and nonsuicidal self-injury in a nonclinical sample: Co-occurrence and associations with emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems

Disordered eating frequently co-occurs with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of these behaviors is associated with heightened emotion dysregulation. However, little is known about the relationship between restrictive eating and NSSI, and the significance of their co-occurrence. This study examined cross-sectional associations between self-reported restrictive eating, NSSI, and putative mechanisms of emotion regulation and interpersonal problems in a non-clinical sample of undergraduate students (N = 98, 80.6% female), using the Dietary Restriction Screener (Haynos & Fruzzetti, 2015), Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2006), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders-25 (Kim & Pilkonis, 1999). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that restrictive eating was associated with NSSI above and beyond the influence of binge eating, purging, and relevant covariates (B = 2.04, p < 0.001). In addition, multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the co-occurrence of restrictive eating and NSSI was associated with greater difficulties accessing and implementing effective, rather than impulsive, emotion regulation strategies when distressed than either behavior alone (p < 0.001). Findings highlight the seriousness of restrictive eating even within a nonclinical sample, as it is associated with heightened probability of NSSI and clinical severity among those who engage in co-morbid NSSI. Healthcare providers are encouraged to screen for NSSI among individuals with restrictive eating. In addition, a focus on improving emotion regulation and interpersonal skills may enhance prevention and intervention efforts for individuals with co-occurring restrictive eating and NSSI behaviors.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and nonsuicidal self-injury in a clinical sample of adolescents: the role of comorbidities and gender

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) with special focus on the role of comorbidities and gender in a clinical sample of adolescents with both a dimensional and a categorical approach to psychopathology.MethodsUsing a structured interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid and a self-rated questionnaire, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, the authors examined 202 inpatient adolescents (aged: 13–18 years) in the Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, Budapest, Hungary. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test and mediator model were used.ResultsFifty-two adolescents met full criteria for ADHD and a further 77 showed symptoms of ADHD at the subthreshold level. From the 52 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, 35 (67.30%) had NSSI, of whom there were significantly more girls than boys, boys: n = 10 (28.60%), girls: n = 25 (71.40%) ((χ2(1) = 10.643 p < .001 ϕ = .452). Multiple mediation analyses resulted in a moderated mediation model in which the relationship between symptoms of ADHD and the prevalence of current NSSI was fully mediated by the symptoms of comorbid conditions in both sex. Significant mediators were the symptoms of affective and psychotic disorders and suicidality in both sexes and the symptoms of alcohol abuse/dependence disorders in girls.ConclusionsADHD symptoms are associated with an increased risk of NSSI in adolescents, especially in the case of girls. Our findings suggest that clinicians should routinely screen for the symptoms of ADHD and comorbidity, with a special focus on the symptoms of affective disorders and alcohol abuse/dependence psychotic symptoms to prevent NSSI.

Аутоагрессивное несуицидальное поведение как способ совладания с негативными эмоциями

Due to the increasing rhythm and tempo of the contemporary life the feeling of stress and pressure increases as well. Especially one feels it in teen years and youth. To be able to somehow master and contain the inner changes and the pressures from the outside the resulting in feeling of inner pressure and intolerableness of the world the teenagers and youths may resort to smoking, drugs, aggressive and autoaggressive behavior. One can distinguish between suicidal, self-destructive (suicidal equivalents), self-harming types of behavior. Harming oneself may be seen as a method of dealing with negative emotions. The study of the characteristics of emotional regulation and mastering strategies among the teenagers and young people of non-clinical sample included 248 persons (128 young men and 120 young women). The average age 19,4 years. The methods used were as follows. To define the level of behavior with deliberate self-harming we used the Russian version of questionnaire The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to control the presence or absence of suicidal tendencies. And The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded (PANAS-X) was applied to identify separate parameters of emotional states. While the choice of the concrete mastering strategies was assessed with the help of the COPE method. The research showed significant differences in the parameters of negative emotional characteristics between the autoaggressors and the persons who never performed any autoaggressive actions. Moreover the "recent autoaggressors" showed a much higher level of the expressed negative emotions than the "old ones". It was confirmed that autoaggressors use a singular model of evasion where the key aspects of self-harming behavior would be the hightened level of negative emotions. It was found that autoaggressors choose non-adaptive coping strategies more often than the participants of the normative test-group.