Dehydration Technology Research Articles

Development of a demulsifier and technological process study for the preparation of highly viscous heavy oils for refinement

One of the challenges in the petroleum industry is the production of highly viscous heavy oils, often accompanied by undesirable emulsion formation with very high aggregate stability. To prepare the crude oils for refinement, the oils must be destroyed. The destruction of aqueous emulsions containing highly viscous heavy oils is an intricate task owing to the comparatively small disparity in water and oil densities, as well as the high viscosity of the dispersive medium and its high content of mechanical impurities. The problem of the destruction of petroleum emulsions arises desperately during the desalination and dehydration of crude oils with a high content of emulsifiers (resins, asphalts, paraffin, etc.) The creation of a highly efficient demulsifier and the development of an optimal technological process for the preparation of highly emulsifying oils that are distinguished by the composition and quantity of emulsifiers of West Siberian oils, which are widely refined in Russia, are the ways to resolve this challenging and timely issue. This study focuses on the viscous heavy oil of the Verbliouje deposit in the Astrakhan region. It also explains the creation of an effective demulsifier for the destruction of petroleum emulsions characterized by a very high emulsifying power and the fundamental principles of the development of deep dehydration technology and desalination of such high-viscosity heavy oils.

Simulation study on additive-promoted microwave dehydration of lignite

ABSTRACT Microwave dehydration technology has been widely used in coal processing methods due to its unique advantages. Adding additives with high dielectric loss to coal can enhance the microwave absorption capacity of coal, so as to effectively improve the dehydration process. In order to understand the change and distribution of multi-fields in the microwave drying process of lignite under the action of different additives, verify the experiment and reduce the cost and number of experiments, this paper established a multi-field coupling model of electromagnetic field and heat and mass transfer of multiphase porous media based on COMSOL Multiphysics, so as to simulate the microwave drying process of lignite. The results show that the distribution areas of electromagnetic field, temperature field, and vapor in coal are basically the same, while the distribution of liquid water is just the opposite. With the enhancement of additive promotion effect, the parts with strong electromagnetic field strength increase, the hot spots of temperature field increase, the maximum temperature, and minimum temperature increase, and the water content in coal samples decreases. The promotion effect of additives on the microwave dehydration process of lignite is consistent with the experiment.

Study on Coalescence Characteristics and Mechanisms of Salt-laden Droplets Under Electric-magnetic Coupling Field

Abstract Electric-magnetic coupling dehydration technology is a novel method that can significantly improve the efficiency of water-oil separation in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. However, the electric-magnetic coupling mechanisms and its influence on droplet coalescence have not been understood from a microscopic perspective, which has become a bottleneck restricting the progress of this technology. In this study, the high-speed microscopic experiment and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were combined to study the kinetic properties of droplets coalescence under an electric-magnetic coupling field, and the potential mechanisms of electric-magnetic coupling field strengthening droplet coalescence were articulated from the perspective of salt ions migration and energy evolution. The results show that the experiment and simulation have excellent qualitative consistency. As water molecules polarise and migrate, the contact interface between adjacent droplets forms a cone tip during the approach process. The contact point of the droplet forms hydrogen bonds due to the mutual attraction of water molecules, which are then transformed into a continuously expanding liquid bridge. The salt ions in the droplet undergo migration deflection by the electric-magnetic coupling effect, which may affect the surface charge distribution of the droplets. During the process of droplet coalescence, strong electrostatic attraction occurs between molecules, leading to a significant increase in coulomb potential and dominating the overall potential energy variation. However, excessively small molecular spacing induces exchange repulsion, thereby reducing the van der Waals potential. The study results are of guiding significance for sounding droplet dynamics theory and guiding the research and development of electric-magnetic dehydration equipment.

Investigation into the Simulation and Mechanisms of Metal-Organic Framework Membrane for Natural Gas Dehydration.

Natural gas dehydration is a critical process in natural gas extraction and transportation, and the membrane separation method is the most suitable technology for gas dehydration. In this paper, based on molecular dynamics theory, we investigate the performance of a metal-organic composite membrane (ZIF-90 membrane) in natural gas dehydration. The paper elucidates the adsorption, diffusion, permeation, and separation mechanisms of water and methane with the ZIF-90 membrane, and clarifies the influence of temperature on gas separation. The results show that (1) the diffusion energy barrier and pore size are the primary factors in achieving the separation of water and methane. The diffusion energy barriers for the two molecules (CH4 and H2O) are ΔE(CH4) = 155.5 meV and ΔE(H2O) = 50.1 meV, respectively. (2) The ZIF-90 is more selective of H2O, which is mainly due to the strong interaction between the H2O molecule and the polar functional groups (such as aldehyde groups) within the ZIF-90. (3) A higher temperature accelerates the gas separation process. The higher the temperature is, the faster the separation process is. (4) The pore radius is identified as the intrinsic mechanism enabling the separation of water and methane in ZIF-90 membranes.

Dehydration regulates structural reorganization of dynamic hydrogels

The dehydration process is widely recognized as a significant phenomenon in nature. Hydrogels, which are important functional materials with high water content and crosslinked networks, encounter the issue of dehydration in their practical applications. Here, we report the distinctive anisotropic dehydration modality of dynamic hydrogels, which is fundamentally different from the more commonly observed isotropic dehydration of covalent hydrogels. Xerogels derived from dynamic hydrogel dehydration will fully cover a curved substrate surface and exhibit hollow structures with internal knots, in contrast to the bulk xerogels produced by covalent hydrogel dehydration. Depending on the competing cohesion of polymer chains and the adhesion at the hydrogel-substrate interface, the previously overlooked reorganization of polymer networks within dynamic hydrogels, triggered by dehydration-induced stress, has been discovered to regulate such macroscopic structural reconstruction for dynamic hydrogel dehydration. With the attached hydrogel-substrate interface, the surface microstructures of substrates can also be engraved onto xerogels with high resolution and on a large scale. This work will greatly enhance our understanding of the soft matter dehydration process and broaden the applications of dehydration technologies using water-containing materials.

Comparison of Mango (Mangifera indica) Dehydration Technologies: A Systematic Review

The convective hot-air drying technology can cause physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic losses in the mango (Mangifera indica). The present Systematic Review was carried out with the objective of comparing mango dehydration technologies to identify the effects on the physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic properties of the fruit. Through a review of published scientific and conference papers in the Scopus database, adjusted to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, a total of 134 documents dated between 2000 and December 6 of 2022 were obtained; 76 of these documents were finally included in the bibliographic and theoretical analysis. Selection parameters emphasizing the relationship between the articles and the research topic, evidenced by including at least one of three dehydration technologies and the fruit of interest with an experimental or theoretical approach to the dehydration subject; review articles and surveys were excluded. Correlation graphs of bibliographic variables were made using the data mining software VantagePoint (version 15.1) , which was graphically restructured in Microsoft Excel with the support of statistical analysis. Of the resulting articles, it was found that the countries with authors who participated most in scientific production like India, Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Thailand, were those related to mango production or importation. Furthermore, the freeze-drying technology allows operating at lower temperatures than convective hot-air drying, contributing to the preservation of ascorbic acid, among other compounds. The refractance window has the shortest operation time to obtain moisture values between 10 and 20%. The dehydrated samples using the refractance window are smooth, homogeneous, non-porous, and comparable to the color obtained with freeze-drying, which is acceptable for industrial applications.

Emulsification characteristics and dehydration of shale oil emulsions under high-frequency electric field

In the face of depleting conventional oil and natural gas reserves, the exploitation of shale oil resources increasingly important. However, the high stability of shale oil emulsions presents a significant challenge to its extraction. In this paper, the differences between shale oil and conventional crude oil and the reasons for the stability of shale oil emulsions were explored. In addition, different dehydration technologies for shale oil emulsions were compared and optimum operating parameters were determined through laboratory-scale experiments. The results show that shale oil emulsions contain much smaller droplets (< 2.25 μm) compared with conventional crude oil emulsions. Further, the high wax content of shale oil allows it to form a high-strength interfacial film at the oil-water interface under the combined action of fracturing fluids and natural emulsifiers, making the emulsion highly stable. Demulsification experiments showed that the use of high-frequency alternating current (AC) pulsed electric fields is an effective method for breaking shale oil emulsions. The optimal demulsification parameters were found to be an electric field frequency of 4 kHz, a field strength of 150 kV·m-1, a residence time of 50 min, an operating temperature of 55 °C, and a demulsifier concentration of 100 ppm. Under these conditions, the dehydrated shale oil was able to meet the standards for commercial crude oil.

Comparison of various drying methods on color, texture, nutritional components, and antioxidant activity of tumorous stem mustard

Exploring new dehydration technology can help to deal with the challenge of quality preservation and high salt waste brine problem in pickled mustard industry. In the current study, effects of vacuum freeze-drying (FD), heat pump drying (HPD), air-impingement jet drying (AIJD), and hot air drying (HD), on color, texture, nutritional component, and antioxidant capacity of tumorous stem mustard were determined. All drying methods significantly affected color and texture. The ascorbic acid (Vc), reducing sugar, protein, total phenolic content (TPC), ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP level of tumorous stem mustard were 123.20–768.74 mg/100 g, 2.49–17.90 g/100 g, 30.74–53.03 g/100 g, 1.98–4.13 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 1.42–8.28 mg Vc/g, 1.04–9.73 mg Vc/g, and 2.11–6.83 mg Vc/g, respectively. The content of individual phenolics were influenced by drying methods, and ferulic acid was determined as a major phenolic compound for all samples (8.15–65.43 μg/g). The content of total phenolic and monomeric polyphenols except for ferulic acid, positively correlated to their antioxidant activity. Furthermore, HD, FD, and AIJD were beneficial to promote the production of umami amino acids and reduce bitter amino acids, thus improving the flavor of tumorous stem mustard. The quality of tumorous stem mustard of FD was closest to that of fresh tumorous stem mustard. Overall, the drying technology is promising to replace the salt infiltration process to realize the dehydration of tumorous stem mustard in the manufacturing of pickled mustard.

Pervaporation Membranes Based on Polyelectrolyte Complex of Sodium Alginate/Polyethyleneimine Modified with Graphene Oxide for Ethanol Dehydration.

Pervaporation is considered the most promising technology for dehydration of bioalcohols, attracting increasing attention as a renewable energy source. In this regard, the development of stable and effective membranes is required. In this study, highly efficient membranes for the enhanced pervaporation dehydration of ethanol were developed by modification of sodium alginate (SA) with a polyethylenimine (PEI) forming polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) and graphene oxide (GO). The effect of modifications with GO or/and PEI on the structure, physicochemical, and transport characteristics of dense membranes was studied. The formation of a PEC by ionic cross-linking and its interaction with GO led to changes in membrane structure, confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The physicochemical properties of membranes were investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis, a differential scanning calorimetry, and measurements of contact angles. The theoretical consideration using computational methods showed favorable hydrogen bonding interactions between GO, PEI, and water, which caused improved membrane performance. To increase permeability, supported membranes without treatment and cross-linked were developed by the deposition of a thin dense layer from the optimal PEC/GO (2.5%) composite onto a developed porous substrate from polyacrylonitrile. The cross-linked supported membrane demonstrated more than two times increased permeation flux, higher selectivity (above 99.7 wt.% water in the permeate) and stability for separating diluted mixtures compared to the dense pristine SA membrane.

Exploring conventional and emerging dehydration technologies for slurry/liquid food matrices and their impact on porosity of powders: A comprehensive review.

The contribution of dehydration to the growing market of food powders from slurry/liquid matrices is inevitable. To overcome the challenges posed by conventional drying technologies, several innovative approaches have emerged. However, industrial implementation is limited due to insufficient information on the best-suited drying technologies for targeted products. Therefore, this review aimed to compare various conventional and emerging dehydration technologies (such as active freeze, supercritical, agitated thin-film, and vortex chamber drying) based on their fundamental principles, potential applications, and limitations. Additionally, this article reviewed the effects of drying technologies on porosity, which greatly influence the solubility, rehydration, and stability of powder. The comparison between different drying technologies enables informed decision-making in selecting the appropriate one. It was found that active freeze drying is effective in producing free-flowing powders, unlike conventional freeze drying. Vortex chamber drying could be considered a viable alternative to spray drying, requiring a compact chamber than the large tower needed for spray drying. Freeze-dried, spray freeze-dried, and foam mat-dried powders exhibit higher porosity than spray-dried ones, whereas supercritical drying produces nano-porous interconnected powders. Notably, several factors like glass transition temperature, drying technologies, particle aggregation, agglomeration, and sintering impact powder porosity. However, some binders, such as maltodextrin, sucrose, and lactose, could be applied in controlled agglomeration to enhance powder porosity. Further investigation on the effect of emerging technologies on powder properties and their commercial feasibility is required to discover their potential in liquid drying. Moreover, utilizing clean-label drying ingredients like dietary fibers, derived from agricultural waste, presents promising opportunities.

Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Modelling of Drying Processes

In the course of drying process one of the main problems is to exactly determine the moisture content in the material bed. The measurement is an option, but its accuracy is not satisfactory. Another way to determine the moisture distribution is to use physically based or blackbox models. Physically based models give a moderately good result, but it normally takes a great effort to identify their parameters, and to solve the model itself. Derivation of the classical black-box models seems to be an uncomplicated approach. However, the application of such models is mainly limited mainly for process control. Therefore, this paper overviews the application opportunities of the use of artificial intelligence methods. Among those methods (neural network, Fuzzy modelling, genetic algorithm, etc) the main emphasize is given to the use of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling especially for grain drying as a widely applied dehydration technology. A methodology is given to the selection aspects of neural network structure and specifically to the main influencing model parameters as sampling time, randomised training, different training algorithms, number of hidden neurones, number of linked data series and type of validation data. Based on the recent study, it is concluded that the ANN can be used during effectively in case of post-harvest processes especially for estimation the temperature and moisture content distribution.

Technologies used in natural gas dehydration: Problems and solutions

This article provides a thorough exploration of diverse technologies utilized in the dehydration of natural gas. These include glycol absorption, desiccant adsorption, solvent salt adsorption, chemical cooling, and hydrate suppression processes. The content delves into the merits of each technology, outlines common challenges encountered, and presents optimal solutions. Notably, the article focuses on the specific challenges arising from glycol absorption, particularly in select gas fields and underground gas storage facilities in Uzbekistan. This comprehensive examination of dehydration technologies, coupled with the in-depth analysis of solutions for glycol absorption issues, enhances our collective understanding of gas processing methodologies. By addressing the intricacies of each technology and proposing effective solutions, the article stands as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers immersed in the realm of natural gas dehydration. The insights offered contribute to refining and advancing gas processing strategies, making it an essential reference for those navigating the complexities associated with this critical aspect of the energy industry.

Heavy hydrocarbon recovery with integration of turboexpander and JT valve from highly CO2-containing natural gas for gas transmission pipeline

Demand of natural gas is predicted to increase since many valuable products can be produced. Water and heavy hydrocarbon content are the key for gas pipeline facility. To meet requirement of natural gas transportation, dehydration unit (DHU) and hydrocarbon dew point control unit (DPCU) are necessary to avoid water and hydrocarbon condensation during transmission. The conventional dehydration technology, TEG contactor, can lower water content from 1,304 mg/m3 to 80.35 mg/m3 where the maximum limit of water content in natural gas is 97 mg/m3 to prevent hydrate formation. DPCU is installed to remove heavy hydrocarbon, especially C5+. Integration of JT valve and turboexpander was employed to obtain the low gas dew point. The hot gas stream that entered the JT valve was observed. The lower hot bypass gas was applied, the lower hydrocarbon dew point and the more condensate flowrate was achieved. The highest power generation can be gained at low hot gas flow ratio which also influenced the exit pressure and temperature of compressor. In pipeline simulation, the pressure and temperature drop occurred at the high hot gas rate. To examine the arrival condition, dew point curves were generated and showed that the limitation of hot gas flow ratio has to be below 0.6 to prevent heavy hydrocarbon condensation in pipeline.

Technological aspects of the development of thermal vacuum installation for drying grain with simultaneous dehydration and disinsection

The Ukraine is one of the largest producers of grain products. Its natural and climatic conditions are such that annually from 50 to 80 % of the harvested crop of grain crops is subject to drying and disinfection. Drying and simultaneous disinsection of grain are the main technological operations for removing harmful moisture from grain material and freeing it from barn pests, which on a national scale makes it possible to avoid millions of losses. The article provides materials on the development of a highly efficient environmentally friendly installation and energy-saving technology of dehydration with simultaneous disinfection of wet grain, which makes it possible to dry grain in a short period of time to a moisture content of 12...14 % and destroy pests. A brief review discusses the main drying units, which are of the convective type and mainly use heated air. Their main positive and negative aspects of use are analyzed. An experimental model of the developed highly efficient environmentally friendly grain drying plant with physical and mathematical justification is presented. Thus, at the same time, such indicators as the speed of grain swirling (υВ) at different temperatures, the value of the centrifugal force of the grain (F) moving in the cavity of the heating element through a spiral channel were calculated. The instantaneous process of thermal energy transfer from the heater wall to the wet grain is substantiated.Thus, the surface element (dS) of a wet grain receives a flow of thermal energy (dQ) with a temperature (Т) in a short period of time (∆τ) with a heat transfer coefficient (a). It has been experimentally proven that grain dehydration is affected by at least three parameters: the heating temperature, its humidity, and the pressure in the vacuum chamber. All parameters are interconnected and affect technological indicators. Thus, the use of thermovacuum technology is an alternative to traditional high-temperature methods of drying grain crops. Key words: thermovacuum dehydration of grain, drying, disinsection.

Unleashing the potential of scalable, high-water vapor permeance graphene oxide membranes using electrospun supports

Dehumidification and dehydration technologies are projected to consume a substantial portion of the world's energy demand through the HVAC, and chemical processing industries. The development of highly permeable water-selective membranes represents a potential path to revolutionize these industries by drastically reducing their energy requirements. Selective layers based on graphene oxide (GO) have demonstrated the highest water vapor permeances to date, making GO a promising candidate for reducing the footprint and costs associated with commercial module development. However, most studies primarily focus on small-area membranes fabricated utilizing vacuum or pressure filtration, leading to either thick free-standing films or thin layers supported on model substrates such as anodic aluminium oxide. In this work, a casting approach is deployed to coat thin GO layers onto large-area membrane supports. In addition to the application of scalable methods, commonly used supports act as a significant bottleneck to the overall permeance. By designing highly porous (up to 92%) electrospun polystyrene supports, we demonstrate a 27% increase in overall permeance as compared to commercial Nylon and polyethersulfone supports even though these membranes have thicker GO selective layers. Despite the pore size in the electrospun material being larger than the GO flakes, the GO forms a selective layer via casting, and achieved water to nitrogen selectivity larger than 103.

Stability Comparison Between Microglassification and Lyophilization Using a Monoclonal Antibody

Producing solid-state formulations of biologics remains a daunting task despite the prevalent use of lyophilization and spray drying technologies in the biopharmaceutical industry. The challenges include protein stability (temperature stresses), high capital costs, particle design/controllability, shortened processing times and manufacturing considerations (scalability, yield improvements, aseptic operation, etc.). Thus, scientists/engineers are constantly working to improve existing methodologies and exploring novel dehydration/powder-forming technologies. Microglassification™ is a dehydration technology that uses solvent extraction to rapidly dehydrate protein formulations at ambient temperatures, eliminating the temperature stress experienced by biologics in traditional lyophilization and spray drying methods. The process results in microparticles that are spherical, dense, and chemically stable. In this study, we compared the molecular stability of a monoclonal antibody formulation processed by lyophilization to the same formulation processed using Microglassification™. Both powders were placed on stability for 3 months at 40 °C and 6 months at 25 °C. Both dehydration methods showed similar chemical stability, including percent monomer, charge variants, and antigen binding. These results show that Microglassification™ is viable for the production of stable solid-state monoclonal antibody formulations.

Effect of Fenton pre-oxidation on the physicochemical properties of sludge-based biochar and its adsorption mechanisms for ammonia nitrogen removal

Fenton pre-oxidation, as a promising technology for sludge deep dehydration, has been used intensively; however, the outputs (i.e., low-water-content sludge cakes) need to be further disposed for a full line sludge resource utilization. Carbonization presents a promising approach for disposing of the sludge cake within the process. Here, the physicochemical properties of sludge-based char obtained after Fenton pre-oxidation were studied. Both Fenton pre-oxidized sludge-based char (FSC) and raw sludge-based char (RSC) were produced within the temperature range of 400–600 ℃, and the adsorption performance of the prepared chars, exemplified by their ability to adsorb ammonia nitrogen (NH4+), was tested under various conditions. FSC exhibited superior char yield and adsorption performance compared to RSC, with chemical adsorption being the primary controlling factor. The optimum conditions for FSC were observed at 400 ℃, resulting in a char yield of 72.2 %, and an adsorption capacity of 221.7 mg/g. Notably, FSC demonstrated an increase in C-C, C-N, OC-O, C-O and CC functional groups in comparison to RSC, which suggests that pre-oxidation increases organic matter decomposition and chemical reactivity of the sludge. The introduction of Si-O-Si, Si-O-C and Fe-O-H functional groups in the FSC facilitated ion exchange with NH4+ in an aqueous solution. The key findings indicate that Fenton pre-oxidation not only enhances the adsorption performance of FSC but also reduces the required carbonization temperature for excellent-char preparation. These results demonstrated the potential to integrate sludge deep dewatering, including pre-oxidation, with char preparation.

Application of Different Dehydration Technology on Chrysanthemum for Quality Dry Flower Production under Terai Region of West Bengal, India

Flower is an integral part of human life and day by day the demand is increasing throughout the world. Though fresh flowers look attractive and become scented but it can’t be stored for long time, so, dry flower is the substitute of fresh flowers. Dry flowers are easy tohandle and it can be stored for a long time, hence, available for year roundsupply and post-harvest losses are very low.Twenty three different techniques can be applied for dry flower production, such as - Sun drying, shade drying, sand drying, silicagel drying, borax drying, corn meal drying, alum drying, glycerol drying, hot air oven drying, embedded drying in hot air oven, solar cooker dryingand embedded drying in solar cooker. The colours of initial fresh flowers were matched with RHS (Royal Horticulture Society) Colour Chart and observed as -Yellow group 7(A) and finalcoloursof dried flowers were observedas - T1 (22-B), T2 (15-D), T5 (22-B), T8 (14-C), T9 (15-B), T18 (19-A), T20 (22-A), T21 (18-C), T22 (18-B) meant Yellow orange group and T3 (13-B), T16 (13-B), T4 (11-A), T6 (9-B), T11 (9-B), T7 (13-C), T14 (13-C), T10 (10-A), T12 (8-A), T13 (12-A), T15 (12-A) meant Yellow group. Last two treatments like T17 (163-A) and T23 (162-A) showed Grey orange group. Maximum reduction infresh weight was noticed under T10(1.35g) treatment and minimum with T8(0.35g) treatment. The minimum days required for drying wasobserved under T5(4.17days) and T7(4.17days) treatments and maximum days requiredby T2(22.17days) treatment. Least moisture reduction in the finished product was observed in T8 (31.41%) whereas the moisture reduction was found highest inT10 [89.21(70.83)%] treatment.

ОБЕЗВОЖИВАНИЕ ПИВНОЙ ДРОБИНЫ В ДЕКАНТЕРЕ ДЛЯ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОРМА ЖИВОТНЫМ

One of the main problems in the field of recycling of secondary products of the brewing industry is the development and creation of an effective technology and equipment for the disposal of brewer's grains (SP), which has a nutritional value for farm animals. One of the ways to solve this problem is the dehydration of PD in the field of centrifugal forces with subsequent use in feed preparation. The analysis of scientific sources and patent research, which made it possible to determine the most effective devices for dehydrating PD in the zone of centrifugal forces and to substantiate a promising design and technological scheme in use, are made in the article. The improved design of the decanter, which is a precipitating-filtering centrifuge, is proposed to be used to improve the technology for efficient dehydration of liquid PD in the processing scheme. The novelty of the developed decanter lies in the combination of the settling and filtering processes for separating PD into solid and liquid fractions. The proposed design of the improved decanter has a significant difference from the existing ones - a low percentage of moisture in the separated PD solid fraction. The theoretical process of PD dehydration in the filter part of the decanter was studied to justify the design of the latter. The movement of an elementary volume of the PD mass in the area of the perforated surface of the filtering sector of the decanter is considered in order to theoretically substantiate the design and parameters of the filtering part of the decanter in the article, based on the basic hydraulic law of filtering with the formation of sediment. The resistance of the DP sediment on the perforated surface of the decanter filter sector was determined. Analytical expressions for determining the limiting angle and length of the perforated surface of the filter sector in the decanter are obtained. The use of a new decanter design will allow the development of effective technologies for the utilization of PD for food for farm animals, which leads to a reduction in operating costs for the entire process of processing waste from breweries as a whole.

Experimental studies of the plant raw material drying processes in the conditions of infrared and microwave fields

The object of research is the process of drying food plant raw materials. Among the existing methods of drying, convective has become the most common in industry, due to its practicality and ease of organization. However, modern convective drying technologies are accompanied by high-energy consumption, which is a serious problem in the conditions of global energy shortage. An analysis of options for solving drying problems proposed by the scientific community was carried out. The paper presents a solution to the problem through the use of electrodynamic dehydration technologies based on directed energy action. The principle of operation of such technologies is that the electromagnetic field directly interacts with polar molecules, which includes water, which leads to a significant increase in the energy efficiency of the drying process and a reduction in its duration. A set of experimental studies aimed at determining the effect of regime parameters, namely specific power, thickness of the product layer and type of edible vegetable raw materials on the drying process under the conditions of infrared and microwave fields, was carried out. The obtained graphic dependences indicate that the treatment of raw materials with ultra-high frequency radiation significantly reduces the time of the drying process and, as a result, is characterized by a low thermal load on the product, which is a significant advantage when processing heat-labile raw materials. This is due to the deeper penetration of the microwave field (up to 30 mm) compared to infrared (up to 0.003 m). In order to determine the effectiveness of innovative equipment, the paper presents the number of energy action, thanks to which a generalization of the experimental data base was carried out. As a result, criterion equations were obtained, which with an accuracy of ±16 % make it possible to calculate drying devices with infrared and microwave energy sources.