Degree Of Dysmenorrhea Research Articles

Original Research The Effect of Yoga or Nonpharmacotherapy on Dysmenorrhore in Medical Students of Andalas University, Indonesia

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual pain that is often experienced by young women, with a global prevalence of 16.8-81%. In Indonesia, the prevalence reaches 54.89%, with adolescent girls being the largest group. Treatment generally uses analgesics, but it has side effects. Yoga as a non-pharmacological therapy can reduce pain through muscle relaxation. Purpose: Analyzing the effect of yoga therapy on the intensity of the degree of dysmenorrhea in female students of the Class of 2018 Undergraduate Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. Methods: This research uses a pure experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and only group design, with a sample size of 32 people. The research instrument used in the study was a pre-test and post-test questionnaire, which contained VAS scores and guidelines regarding yoga movements. The questionnaire contains a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which consists of a vertical scale from 0 to 10 cm. Results: The results showed there were no differences related to age. As many as 18% of respondents usually took analgesics, while 81.3% did not take analgesics to treat dysmenorrhea before yoga therapy. Meanwhile, after yoga therapy, 5 out of 6 respondents who usually consumed analgesics in previous menstrual cycles no longer consumed analgesics, and one respondent still consumed analgesics. Bivariate analysis showed a value of p=0.00 (p<0.05), which means there is a relationship between the provision of yoga therapy and the degree of dysmenorrhea. Where providing yoga therapy can reduce the intensity of pain in respondents who experience dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: This research concludes that there is a significant relationship between the provision of yoga therapy and the degree of dysmenorrhea.

Submucosal cystic adenomyosis: a report of five cases and review of the literature

AimTo investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and clinical treatment of submucosal cystic adenomyosis.MethodsThe clinical data of five cases of patients with submucosal cystic adenomyosis in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 37.8 ± 4.5 years old, three of them experienced prolonged menstruation and heavy menstrual bleeding. All patients had a history of abnormal uterine bleeding and mild to moderate dysmenorrhea, with a VAS score of 2.8 ± 1.6. The average Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) value was 29.9 ± 23.6U/ml. Two out of the five patients (40%) had CA125 values above the upper limit of normal. The nodules had a diameter of 3.2 ± 1.3 cm and a cavity size of 1.3 ± 0.7 cm. Color ultrasound revealed hypo or iso or anechoic echoic cysts, and blood flow signals were detected. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings varied among each patient. All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and resection of uterine cavity-occupying lesions, and no recurrence was observed.ConclusionsThe clinical features of submucosal cystic adenomyosis include abnormal uterine bleeding and menstrual changes, and the degree of dysmenorrhea is generally not severe. The diagnostic utility of CA125 in submucosal cystic adenomyosis may be limited. The three-dimensional ultrasound and MRI are valuable preoperative examination methods currently. Hysteroscopy can not only diagnose submucosal cystic adenomyosis, but also treat it, and preserve the fertility function of the patient.

Self-Care Behavior and Associated Factors of Nursing Students with Dysmenorrhea: A Structural Equation Model

Objective. To assess the factors influencing the self-care behavior among nursing students with dysmenorrhea. Background. The practice of self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea has gradually attracted immense attention from society; however, thus far, only a few studies have been conducted to predict this behavior and analyze the associated factors by creating a structural equation model. Methods. A cross-sectional multistage cluster sampling study was conducted among nursing students within six universities in Shaanxi province, China. A model was constructed, and structured questionnaires were adopted to measure model variables, including e-health literacy, negative emotion, self-efficacy, self-care agency, degree of dysmenorrhea, and self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea. Descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software, and AMOS 23.0 was used to verify and analyze the structural model. Results. In total, 1851 valid questionnaires were collected; the effective recovery rate was 93.15%, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 64.51%. e-Health literacy (B = 0.171, P < 0.001), self-efficacy (B = 0.416, P < 0.001), self-care agency (B = 1.177, P < 0.001), and degree of dysmenorrhea (B = 0.310, P < 0.001) significantly influenced self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea. The total, direct, and indirect effects of e-health literacy and self-efficacy on self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea were 0.158 and 0.492, 0.128 and 0.248, and 0.030 and 0.244, respectively. Conclusion. The self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea is affected by several factors and self-efficacy has the greatest effect on it. To promote girls to actively implement self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea, educators should strengthen the training of self-efficacy and self-care agency of the nursing students to alleviate the uncomfortable experience brought by dysmenorrhea and decrease the harm of dysmenorrhea. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing managers should work with constant efforts to explore and optimize the management model for dysmenorrhea, encouraging young women to actively engage in self-care behavior for dysmenorrhea, to alleviate the discomfort experienced by individuals and improve women’s overall health.

Factors associated with recurrent endometriomas after surgical excision

BackgroundEndometriosis affects women in reproductive age and causes a great impact on their lives. When affecting the ovary, excision represents the main management option. However, recurrence represents a challenging situation for patients and physicians. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to endometriomas recurrence after surgical excision.ResultsThis was a quasi-experimental study recruiting 60 patients with ovarian endometrioma. The mean age was 30.33 ± 7.95 years. The mean parity was 1.27 ± 0.69. The recurrence rate after excision was 11/60 (18.3%) after a mean follow-up period of 22.62 ± 4.96 months. None of the patients’ characteristics or endometriosis-related characteristics were significant factors contributing to cyst recurrence (age, parity, history of infertility, preoperative endometrioma diameter, preoperative AFC, preoperative AMH, degree of pelvic pain, degree of dysmenorrhea, degree of dyspareunia, pelvic tenderness, and induration) (p value > 0.05).ConclusionThe patient’s related factors and endometrioma characteristics did not predict its recurrence.

Investigation of familial tendency of endometriosis

Objective: To investigate the familial heritability of endometriosis and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with or without a family history of endometriosis. Methods: From January 2020 to June 2022, 850 patients with endometriosis confirmed by laparotomy or laparoscopy in Peking University Third Hospital were included in this study. Clinical data were collected, family history was followed up, and the differences of clinical indicators between patients with and without family history of endometriosis were compared. Results: A total of 850 patients were enrolled, with an average age of (33.8±7.0) years old, 315 (37.1%, 315/850) patients in stage Ⅲ and 496 (58.4%, 496/850) patients in stage Ⅳ. There were 100 patients with family history of endometriosis, accounting for 11.8% (100/850). Most of the 113 relatives involved were mothers, daughters and sisters (76.1%, 86/113), 81.5% (22/27) of the second and third degree relatives were maternal relatives. The median ages of patients with and without family history of endometriosis were 30 and 33 years old respectively at the time of diagnosis. The unmarried rate of patients with family history was higher [42.0% (42/100) vs 26.3% (197/750)]. The percentage of dysmenorrhea patients with family history was higher [89.0% (89/100) vs 55.5% (416/750)]. The medians of dysmenorrhea score in patients with and without family history were 6 and 2, and the median durations of dysmenorrhea were 10 and 1 years. There were significant differences in age, marital status, percentage of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea score and duration (all P<0.001). The median levels of serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 in patients with family history and patients without family history at the time of diagnosis were 57.5 and 46.9 kU/L respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in nationality, bady mass index, menarche age, menstrual cycle, menstrual period, menstrual volume, serum CA19-9 level, cyst location and size, stage, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, infertility, adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis (all P>0.05). By comparing the specific conditions of dysmenorrhea patients with and without family history of endometriosis, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the age of onset of dysmenorrhea, duration of dysmenorrhea, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, and progressive aggravation of dysmenorrhea (all P>0.05). The difference in the degree of dysmenorrhea in dysmenorrhea patients with family history of endometriosis was significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of endometriosis has a familial tendency, and most of the involved relatives are the first degree relatives. Compared with patients without family history of endometriosis, endometriosis patients with family history are diagnosed at an earlier age, with higher percentage of dysmenorrhea, had more severe dysmenorrhea and higher serum CA125 level.

Dampak Status Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Dismenorea

Dysmenorrhea is menstrual cramps or menstrual pain that occurs mainly in the lower abdomen, but can radiate to the lower back, waist, pelvis, upper thighs, to the calves. Dysmenorrhea or cramps during menstruation also affect a person's quality of life, so that it can result in absenteeism from school, and can affect a person's nutritional status. Analyzing the relationship between nutritional status and the degree of dysmenorrhea in students. This research was conducted using a cross sectional approach. As an approach as many as 112 female respondents. The research sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula, so that a total sample of 53 students was obtained and was selected as a sample using simple random sampling technique. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used in this study using the chi-square test. The results of the study illustrate that the nutritional status is 0.015 so it can concluded that the nutritional status variable and the dysmenorrhea variable have a significant relationship. From the results of the study, it is illustrated that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in students.

CO-EXPRESSION OF ACTIVATING AND INHIBITORY RECEPTORS ON PERITONEAL FLUID NK CELLS DIFFERS BETWEEN DEEP ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PERITONEAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Deep endometriosis causes severe dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Deep endometriosis and peritoneal endometriosis are considered to have different histopathogenesis. Previously, we have reported that NKp46 expression, an active receptor for NK cells in ascites, is reduced in women with pelvic endometriosis. So, in this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in NK cell associations between deep endometriosis and peritoneal endometriosis, and the correlation between the degree of dysmenorrhea as a symptom of deep endometriosis and the expression of NK cell surface markers or intracellular cytokine production.

Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Improves Menorrhagia-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic Adenomyosis.

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) relieves dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in adenomyosis. However, its efficacy on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis remains unclear. The menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS), which measures HR-QOL improvement through the treatment of HMB, has never been used for evaluating menorrhagia-specific HR-QOL in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of LNG-IUS in improving menorrhagia-specific HR-QOL in these patients using the MMAS. The participants were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. We also assessed the relationships between menorrhagia-specific HR-QOL, blood hemoglobin levels, and the degree of dysmenorrhea before and during LNG-IUS treatment. The LNG-IUS treatment improved the menorrhagia-specific HR-QOL more effectively in incipienttype adenomyosis than in advanced type adenomyosis. The efficacy of LNG-IUS treatment on dysmenorrhea evaluated by the visual analog scale score tended to be better in the incipient type than in the advanced type. By the treatment of LNG-IUS, the blood hemoglobin level was not improved in the advanced type but in the incipient type. Furthermore, dysmenorrhea and HMB-related anemia were associated with HR-QOL impairment, and LNG-IUS treatment may improve the HR-QOL by relieving the symptoms. In conclusion, the effectiveness of LNG-IUS on HR-QOL is decreased by advanced adenomyosis. Thus, magnetic resonance imaging use should be reinforced to predict LNG-IUS efficacy in improving the HR-QOL of patients with adenomyosis.

A study on the current state of Korean medicine treatment in infertile women: an observational multi-center study protocol

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of female infertility patients who come to Korean medicine clinics and analyze the trends of Korean medicine treatment methods and the effects of female infertility by registry data.Methods: We are recruiting study participants from Korean medicine hospitals and clinics. If female infertility patients come, we will ask them to register for this study. After enrollment, we will collect demographic information, treatment methods, pregnancy results, adverse events, and treatment costs.Result: First, we will analyze the characteristics of patients, the status of the use of Korean medicine treatment interventions, the cost status of Korean medicine infertility treatment, and the delivery characteristics of pregnant women after Korean medicine treatment. Second, we will analyze the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment. The primary outcome is clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes are 12-week pregnancy maintenance rate, degree of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, stress level, and health-related quality of life score.Discussion: This study is the first observational multi-center study in Korea for female infertility. By establishing the registry, we are creating a resource that contains patient-reported outcome measures for female infertility. The registry is expected to provide valuable data for developing Korean medicine Clinical practice guidelines for female infertility.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Hangat Terhadap Penurunan Derajat Dismenore Pada Siswi Mas Ushuluddin Kota Singkawang

Background:Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen that occurs during menstruation. Management of dysmenorrhea can use non-pharmacological therapy such as warm compresses. Warm compresses can cause blood vessel dilation (vasodilation) so that it can increase blood circulation, relieve ischemia in myometrial cells, decrease myometrial smooth muscle contraction, increase muscle relaxation and reduce pain due to spasm or stiffness. Methods: This research is a quantitative research. This research method is pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 74 students who experienced dysmenorrhea in January 2022. Data was collected using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dysmenorrhea pain scale observation sheet before (pretest) and after (posttest) warm compresses were given. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: After the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, the results showed a p-value of 0.000. The p value is smaller than the significant value or Sig. (2-tailed), which is 0.05(p &lt; 0.05) so that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving warm compresses to the decrease in the degree of dysmenorrhea in students of MAS Ushuluddin Singkawang City in 2022.

Examination on Risk Factors of Infertility Caused by EMT and Their Correlation with VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.

In order to explore the risk factors of infertility caused by endometriosis (EMT) and their correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17, endometriosis sufferers admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to May 2022 are selected to conduct the examination. According to the pregnancy of patients, patients were included in the simple EMT set and EMT combined infertility set, with 50 cases in each group. The degree of dysmenorrhea is evaluated by the VAS score, and Luminex liquid protein is used to analyze the standards of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-A), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-17, and VEGF. Logistic multifactor regression decomposition is applied to analyze the risk factors of infertility in EMT sufferers. Besides, the standards of VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in sufferers with different periods/agony degrees are evaluated, and the correlation of different periods/agony degrees with VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 is analyzed. The results show that the different R-AFS periods are notoriously positively correlated with VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 (all P < 0.05), and the VAS score is notoriously positively correlated with the abovementioned factors.

Hubungan Status Emosional dengan Derajat Dismenore pada Remaja Putri di SMKN 12 Loa Buan Samarinda

ABSTRACTBackground: Dysmenorrhea is a painful sensation, cramping in the lower abdomen which is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as sweating, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and tremors, all of which occur before or during menstruation. Teenage girls who experience dysmenorrhea can interfere with social or physical activities because when they are in pain, sufferers tend to be silent and even don't want to interact with other people, they tend to be more emotional. Emotional embodiment part of what a woman feels, a reaction to a certain event or situation. Emotional status and dysmenorrhea in women is a conscious experience that influences bodily activities and is psychologically able to influence a woman's emotions. Objective: To identify emotional status and to analyze the relationship between emotional status and the degree of dysmenorrhea in young girls. Methods: Quantitative research, descriptive analytic research design with cross sectional research design with proportionate stratified random sampling technique, the sample of this study was 54 students of class X SMKN 12 Loa Buah Samarinda who experienced dysmenorrheaResults: Variable emotional status obtained positive emotional classification 33 (61, 1%) and negative emotions 21 (38.9%) respondents. Variable The degree of dysmenorrhea was classified as mild 35 (64.8%), moderate 12 (22.2%), severe 5 (9.3%) and unbearable 2 (3.7%). The test used Pearson Chi-square results obtained P value = 0.402, the significant level (α) is 0.05, then p&gt; from α. This result means that Ho is accepted, there is no relationship between emotional status and the degree of dysmenorrhea in young girls at SMKN 12 loa buah samarinda. Conclusion: There is no relationship between emotional status and the degree of dysmenorrhea in adolescents at SMKN 12 Loa Buah Samarinda

여대생의 월경곤란증의 중증도 예측요인: 월경특성, 행동특성, 자기자비

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive factors of the severity of dysmenorrhea among college students in Korea. Method: The subjects of this study were the 761 numbers of college students in the three universities. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20.0 for multiple logistic regression analysis to examine predictive factors on severity of dysmenorrhea. Results: According to this study, age, menstrual amount, family history, quality of sleep, and self-compassion were the significant factors predicting the severity of dysmenorrhea. Compared to the 20 years, 21-22 years of age complained more of mild dysmenorrhea, and the 25 years and older appeared to complain more of moderate dysmenorrhea. The more menstrual flow, the more severe the dysmenorrhea. In the case of a family history of dysmenorrhea, the degree of dysmenorrhea was more severe. If the quality of sleep was dissatisfactory, the degree of dysmenorrhea was more severe. The higher the self-compassion, the lower the level of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: These findings can provide basic information on the development of a self-management program for female college students with dysmenorrhea.

Relationship between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and clinical stage and dysmenorrhoea of enodmetriosis

Objective: To explore the association between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and clinical stage and dysmenorrhoea of endometriosis. Methods: A total of 82 patients were studied with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis between June 2017 and June 2019, and 75 healthy women with reproductive age were selected as the control group during the same period. The endometriosis patients were scored by visual analogue scale(VAS)according to their preoperative dysmenorrhoea.And endometriosis was staged and scored according to the score of Revised American Fertility Society(r-AFS).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine preoperative BDNF level in serum, and the correlation between BDNF level with clinical stage as well as dysmenorrhea of endometriosis were analysed. Results: The serum BDNF level in endometriosis patients was (1 082±43) ng/L, significantly higher than that in the normal control [(649±30) ng/L], there was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.001). The BDNF expression in patients with r-AFS stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ was higher than that in patients with Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage [(1 164±389) ng/L vs (791±218)ng/L, P<0.001]. BDNF level in serum was closely correlated with the degree of dysmenorrhea (r=0.682), and the BDNF level in patients with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea was significantly higher than that in patients without dysmenorrhea and patients with mild dysmenorrhea [(1 292±43) ng/L vs(718±36) ng/L, P<0.001]. Conclusions: The serum BDNF level in endometriosis patients is positively correlated with clinical stage and dysmenorrhea.

Effect of Stretching Exercise on Primary Dysmenorrhea among Secondary Girl Students at Assiut City

Primary dysmenorrhea is common problem among adolescent which can have negative effects on their daily activities .Aim: to evaluate the effect of stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea among secondary girl students at Assiut city. Subject and Methods: Quazi experimental research design was used in this study included 666 students, while the students having dysmenorrhea 515 were selected by using multi stage random sample and the program implement on169 students from Assiut city. Through a period from September 2018 to the April 2019. Four tools were used for data collection, first tool: A structured self-administered questionnaire which consisted of two parts: first part included personal characteristics, second part: knowledge about menstruation and dysmenorrhea of adolescents girls. Tools (II):Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System, tools (III): Visual Analogue scale used to assess the severity of dysmenorrhea. Tools (IV):observational checklist was used for evaluation stretching exercise. Results: The mean age of students ±SD was 16.31±0.9 (15.0-19.0).Regarding to the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among studied students, it was found that more than three quarters(77.3%) were suffering from dysmenorrhea .Conclusion: It was found that there was a statistical significant difference regarding the degree of dysmenorrhea and stretching exercise. Recommendation: Improve student's awareness and knowledge about effect of physical stretching exercise by incorporating this topic into curriculums.

Status and Factors of Menstrual Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Their Correlation with Psychological Stress in Adolescent Girls.

Adolescent girls perceive menstruation as a negative experience, which can affect adolescents' physical and mental health. The aims of this study were to describe the menstrual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adolescent girls in China and to examine their association with psychological stress. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1349 adolescent girls aged 11-14years in Changsha, China. Participants anonymously completed questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual knowledge and attitudes, dysmenorrhea self-care behaviors, and perceived stress. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson r correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences and associations among variables. The mean age of menarche was 11.70 (±0.82) years. A total of 1053/1349 (78.1%) of girls had a knowledge of menstruation before menarche and their mothers were the main source 931/1349 (69.0%) of their knowledge. More than half (53.4%) of adolescent girls experienced different degrees of dysmenorrhea. The mother's education, family monthly income, family type, and the girls' age, grade, menstrual status, age at menarche, sanitary napkin change frequency, menstrual restrictions, and dysmenorrhea influenced menstrual knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Psychological stress was affected by age, grade, age at menarche, sanitary napkin change frequency, menstrual restrictions, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Psychological stress management during menstruation should be a focus of health education programs for adolescent girls. During adolescence, health care providers should not only pay attention to the physical changes of adolescence girls, but also provide stress management skills to help them cope with menstrual-related concerns.

Elasticity of adenomyosis is increased after GnRHa therapy and is associated with spontaneous pregnancy in infertile patents

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of GnRHa on adenomyosis by transvaginal elastography. MethodsA prospective observational study included patients who were diagnosed as adenomyosis by conventional transvaginal ultrasound and infertility. The sonographic characters of elastography, the degree of dysmenorrhea and the values of serum CA125 before and following GnRHa (Triptorelin 3.75 mg were administered every 28 days) plus add-back therapy were reviewed and analyzed. Each case had a 6 months follow up and the information of pregnancy were recorded. Results45 patients who completed the 6 months follow-up were included in the analysis. Twelve cases (group 1) were pregnancy during the follow-up and the other thirty-three cases (group 2) failed their attempts. The numerical rating scale and CA125 of all the cases were both significantly reduced 6 months after therapy. All of enlarged uterus decreased to accessible normal size. In group 1, the mean elasticity score was significantly higher for the uterine after therapy than before (3.6 ± 0.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.004). In group 2, the mean elasticity score did not change for the uterine after therapy than before (2.2 ± 0.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.77). ConclusionElasticity of adenomyosis is increased after GnRHa therapy. And the higher elasticity of adenomyosis after GnRHa therapy is associated with spontaneous pregnancy in infertile patents.

Measurement of uterine volume in patients with endometriosis and its clinical significance

Objective: To measure the uterine volume by ultrasonic imaging in nullipara patients with endometriosis and analyze its clinical significance. Methods: From July 1st, 2016 to August 1st, 2017, 107 cases of nullipara patients with endometriosis hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital were selected as endometriosis group. Among 107 cases, 59 cases were in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle, 48 cases were in secretory phase; and 10 cases had an abortion history.Totally 101 cases of patients without endometriosis operated for other benign disease during the same period were chosen as the control group. All patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. The uterine size was measured by transvaginal or transrectal color Doppler ultrasound, and the uterine volume was calculated according to the known formula. Results: The uterine volume of the endometriosis group [(69±26) cm(3)] was larger than that of the control group [(54±18) cm(3), P<0.01]. In the endometriosis group, the uterine volume of patients with pregnant history [(78±34) cm(3)] was larger than that of patients without pregnant history [(68±25) cm(3)]. The endometrial thickness in endometriosis group was higher than that of the control group [(9.1±3.5) versus (7.8±2.9) mm, P<0.05], and positively correlated with the uterine volume (r=0.39, P<0.05). The hemoglobin in endometriosis group was lower than that in the control group [(124±12) versus (131±10) g/L, P<0.01], and was negatively correlated with the uterine volume in the two groups (r(endometriosis)=-0.12, r(control)=-0.21; both P<0.05).The uterine volume of dysmenorrhea patients in the endometriosis group [(73±28) cm(3)] was greater than that of patients without dysmenorrhea [(62±19) cm(3), P<0.01]; both uterine volumes of patients with and without dysmenorrhea in endometriosis group were larger than those of patients with or without dysmenorrhea in the control group (P<0.05). The degree of dysmenorrhea in endometriosis group was positively correlated with the uterine volume (r=0.20, P=0.042). The uterine volume of stage Ⅳendometriosis patients [(79±30) cm(3)] was greater than that of stage Ⅲ patients in endometriosis group [(58±14) cm(3), P<0.01]. Conclusion: Patients with endometriosis are of increased uterine volume, which may be related to dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and infertility.

Effect of eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv) on primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

ObjectiveThis study strove to investigate the safety and effectiveness of Eryngo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and methodsThe researchers conducted a blinded, randomized, trial design on 169 women, 15–30 years of age, who had been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea at Babol University of Medical Sciences. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 5 ml syrup of Eryngo, placebo, or Ibuprofen (200 mg) three times a day (15 ml/day), from one day prior to the onset of bleeding for five days. The degree of dysmenorrhea was reported by two measures; Visual analogue scale (VAS), as a primary outcome, and the assessment of dysmenorrhea severity (VMS), as a secondary outcome at 4 menstrual cycles: at pretreatment phase, at the first menstrual cycle, at the second menstrual cycle, and the third menstrual cycle without drug. ResultsThe reduced peak-pain differed by the treatment length in women treated for two menstrual cycles: 4.2 (1.0) cm in the Eryngo group, 4.3 (0.0) cm in the Ibuprofen group, and 0.9 (0.1) cm in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). No serious side effects were reported in all groups under study. According to the results, minor side effects did not increase in the Eryngo group when compared with the placebo group. ConclusionEryngo relieved dysmenorrhea as effectively as Ibuprofen did. Thus, Eryngo could be regarded as a new herbal remedy for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. However, in order to prescribe Eryngo as herbal remedy, rigorous research studies are required to establish its efficacy by investigating its chemical, pharmacologic, and therapeutic properties.

Clinical efficacy of GnRH-a combined with LNG-IUS in the treatment of refractory adenomyosis by magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound

Objective To explore the clinical effects of Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of refractory adenomyosis by magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU). Methods 80 patients with refractory adenomyosis admitted to our hospital from April 2015 to June 2017 were randomly divided into observation group and control group. They were treated with MRgHIFU as observation group. LNS-IUS was placed after the third injection of GnRH-a as control group. The uterine volume, pain score, menstrual volume and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results After 6 months of treatment, the uterine volume of the observation group [(100.23±4.65)cm3] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(145.46±10.23)cm3], with statistically significant difference (t=6.01, P<0.05). After 6 months, the degree of dysmenorrhea in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(2.12±0.24)point vs (0.27±0.09)point], with statistically significant difference (t=5.21, P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the menstrual volume of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(64.67±10.12)point vs (96.45±15.12)point, (42.46±11.18)point vs (66.26±12.48)point], with statistically significant difference (t=4.51, P<0.05; t=3.58, P<0.05). The adverse reactions such as vaginal bleeding, hot flashes and night sweats were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2=3.967, P<0.05). Conclusions As a new non-invasive and refractory treatment of adenomyosis, high intensity focused ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance is safe and effective with less adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical application. Key words: Adenomyosis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ultrasonography; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Levonorgestrel