Degree Of Abandonment Research Articles

Teenage pregnancy and subalternity: A culturally constructed vulnerability

AbstractOne of the main causes of death in adolescents in Latin America according to WHO (2018) is teenage pregnancy and is related to conditions of poverty and precariousness. During 2020, there were 373,661 births to adolescent women in Mexico, which continues to place the country in first place among OECD countries in early pregnancy. The repercussions are multiple in emotional and physical health, in addition to altering women's context and lived experience, building new and diverse vulnerabilities that are related to the gender condition and hegemonic social representations. Qualitative results are presented for two contexts, urban and coastal, where young women live in precarious conditions and a certain degree of abandonment, pointing to the need to develop action and education strategies that have an impact on the prevention of early pregnancies.

Spatial pattern and mechanisms of farmland abandonment in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Qingzang Plateau

With the rapid development of social economy and urban−rural integration, the phenomenon of farmland abandonment worldwide has proved to be one of the main trends of land use and land cover change (LUCC), and profoundly affected the rural landscape and regional ecological environment. Restricted by the natural environment, economic development and backward agricultural technology, the phenomenon of farmland abandonment is also common in the Qingzang Plateau (QP). Therefore, this paper adopted the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the spatial pattern of abandonment in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau (APA−QP) in 2017, and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the effects of geographical resources, socio-economic development and location conditions on farmland abandonment. This study found that: 1) From 2015 to 2017, the abandoned farmland area in the APA−QP was approximately 18.23 × 104 ha, with an overall abandonment rate of 15.18%. On the whole, it showed the distribution characteristics of “strong in the south and weak in the north, strong in the east and weak in the west”. 2) There were positive spatial correlation between both abandoned area and abandonment rate in the APA−QP, showing “concave” and “convex” patterns, respectively, mainly concentrated in the Huang−shui Valley and the Southeast Tibet; while in the western and northern regions, the degree of abandonment was relatively low. 3) Farmland abandonment in the APA−QP was mainly driven by the geographical environment changes and farmers’ decision−making on farmland utilization. There was significant spatial heterogeneity on farmland abandonment associated with the impact of geographical resources, socio−economics and location conditions. The geographical resource factors had a positive impact on the abandonment, and were strongly constrained by natural geographic conditions such as altitude and slope. The farmland resources in the Qingzang Plateau are limited, but are of strategic significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in the whole Qingzang Plateau. In order to realize the rational distribution of agriculture and animal husbandry and the sustainable utilization of farmland resources in the plateau region, land use strategies should be implemented according to regional differences and regional advantages in order to ensure the ecological environment security of Qingzang Plateau.

Land-use, environment, and their impact on butterfly populations in a mountainous pastoral landscape: individual species distribution and abundance

Butterflies were studied, at the species level, in 47 mountain meadows in a 1.5 × 1.6 km study area in the Picos de Europa National Park, Spain. Butterfly transects were carried out on nine occasions in June and July 2004 and the summed data used in binary logistic and stepwise multiple regression analyses using 28 biotic and abiotic parameters. Models were created for 37 species in total: 24 using logistic regression and 24 with multiple regression; models from both approaches were obtained for 11 species. Abiotic factors dominated many analyses with factors such as proximity to water, aspect and altitude being prominent. Abiotic factors may reflect acceptable minimum conditions for presence of a species and interact with biotic factors to determine habitat quality. Classification of the meadows as either under hay or summer grazing management, or ‘winter grazing or abandoned’ was not particularly revealing probably due to inherent variability in management intensity within meadows and degree of abandonment. Features that reflected management influences, lack of management, disturbance, and sward condition featured in many analyses. Whilst many meadows are still actively managed, features that can be related to abandonment are evident for many species. The early stages of relaxation of management intensity can be positive for butterflies, but if management is not restored losses are likely as succession proceeds. The implications of this are briefly discussed.

Erosion Processes in High Mountain Agricultural Terraces in Peru

Abstract Old developed systems of agricultural terraces are found in settled areas with high relief in different parts of the world. The present trend to abandon many of these terraced areas constitutes a process that increases erosion and sediment yield values following the collapse of supporting walls. This paper addresses the problem of changing human activities in the fragile environment of the historical terraces in the Central Andean mountains of Peru. The study is based on field experiments. Eight small plots were installed in the Santa Eulalia basin at altitudes of 2800 m and up to 3650 m. Annual run-off coefficient values were less than 5% and sediment yield values less than 1 g/m2 on the experimental plots. Daily rainfall intensity does not exceed 10 mm/d on most rainy days. Simulation of rainstorms by sprinklers was performed on terraces with different physiographic characteristics, lithology, soil, exposure, slope, altitude, degree of abandonment, and vegetation cover. Rainfall simulation test...

Does 3rd age plus 3rd world equal 3rd class?

The patterns of care of the aged population are being influenced by demographic changes, migration, and industrialization in developing countries. There is no longer a secure place for the elders in the community as chiefs, sages, or useful members of the household. In very large mega-cities the aged living in an extended family are more prone to psychological problems than in a lone living situation. There are many variations in the degree of abandonment or loss of dignity, which are described in examples from Vilcabamba, Potosi, Lima, and Belize. For example in Belize, there are no cities to migrate to so people leave to seek their fortunes in the US or the UK. Solutions are possible within the community. The experiences of HelpAge International are reported for Pro Vida, Colombia; India; and Sri Lanka. In Colombia efforts were made to acquire a bakery so that the elderly could be employed in bread baking, donating loaves to institutions, and selling half the loaves on the street. Other projects involved improving living conditions for lone old people in shanty towns and training social workers. The institutional aim was to concentrate on a locale. Attention was given to providing instruction in classrooms to enlighten youth about the needs of the elderly. HelpAge in India concentrated on eye problems of the elderly in remote areas through awareness and fundraising campaigns. HelpAge Sri Lanka has set up seminars and training programs which have been models for similar programs in Thailand. Shared experience with the problems of aged beggars suggests that funding must come from nongovernmental agencies. The cultivation and sale of herbs by the elderly was promoted in Vilcabamba; in Jamaica a memory bank was established for preserving cultural traditions. Abandoned industries have been revived. The needs of the organizers, who are primarily volunteers, are organization skills. Governments can supplement meager funds by enhancing traditional life, by removing obstacles to foreign aid, and by avoiding spending on prestige projects and questionable projects imported from Western countries. Reinforcement of families and of local community groups is needed.