Degradation Of Various Dyes Research Articles

Boron modified Ag3PO4 powders for UV and visible light photocatalytic degradation of various dyes

Pure and boron modified Ag3PO4 powders with different boron contents (0–5 wt.%) were prepared. XRD, ATR-FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis DRS and PL analyses were conducted for the characterization of the prepared powders. Characterization studies indicated the reduction in the band gap energy, the presence of boron and no change in the morphology due to boron modification. The results of photocatalytic experiments showed that boron modification increased the activity of Ag3PO4. The UV light dye degradation efficiency increased from 63% to 84% for methyl orange (MO) and from 41% to 65% for methyl red by 3% boron modification. The reaction rate constant for MO increased by a factor of 1.7. Under visible light, the activity was similarly enhanced by boron modification. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency increased from 31% to 58% and the reaction rate constant increased by a factor of 2.3 by boron modification for MO under low intensity visible light. These results showed that boron modification enhanced the photocatalytic dye degradation activity of Ag3PO4 under both UV and visible light. This enhancement was attributed to the decrease in the band gap energy and the increase in the interaction of the dye molecules with the photocatalyst surface through boron species.

In-Depth Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of the Extensively Used Dyes Malachite Green, Methylene Blue, Congo Red, and Rhodamine B via Covalent Organic Framework-Based Photocatalysts

Photocatalytic degradation technology has received much attention from researchers in the last few decades, due to its easy and cost-effective nature. A lot of review articles have been published on dyes via photocatalytic degradation, but most of the review articles lack a detailed and in-depth photocatalytic degradation mechanism of dyes. Numerous review articles are available on photocatalysis. Here, in this review article, we are mainly focused on the complete and in-depth photocatalytic degradation mechanism of four commonly used dyes such as Malachite Green, Methylene Blue, Congo Red and Rhodamine B, which will be highly useful for the new researchers that work on dyes’ photocatalytic degradation. Initially, various aspects of dyes have been included in this review article, comprehensively. The main focus was on the covalent organic framework-based photocatalysts for dyes’ photocatalytic degradation, due to their porous nature and various unique properties. Various synthesis routes and the photocatalytic performance of covalent organic frameworks and composite of covalent organic frameworks have been highlighted in this review article. In the last section of this review article, the main stimulus was the four mentioned dyes’ properties, uses, and toxicity, and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism through various paths into environmentally friendly and less-harmful compounds in the presence of photocatalysts. Factors effecting the photocatalytic degradation, economic cost, challenges and future aspects of photocatalytic technology were also included in this review article. This review article will be highly useful for those researchers that work on the photocatalytic degradation of various dyes and search for the complete degradation of complex dye molecules.

Preparation of Flower-like Nanosilver Based on Bioderived Caffeic Acid for Raman Enhancement and Dye Degradation.

In this study, a simple, green, and low-cost room temperature synthesis of broccoli-like silver nanoflowers (AgNF) with a particle size of about 300-500 nm was developed using plant-derived caffeic acid as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a dispersant under ultrasound assistance. The flower clusters covered by small nanocrystals of 20-50 nm significantly enhance the electromagnetic field signals. AgNF was deposited on the surface of silicon wafers as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor for the detection of probe molecules such as rhodamine 6G (R6G) and malachite green with high sensitivity, homogeneity, and reproducibility. AgNF was deposited on cotton fabrics in the form of composites to catalyze the degradation of dye pollutants such as R6G, MG, and methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride. 0.1 g of AgNF/cotton fabric could assist 15 mmol/L NaBH4 to achieve over 90% degradation of various dyes as well as a high concentration of dyes in 12 min with good reusability and recyclability. The AgNF synthesized in this work can not only monitor the type and amounts of pollutants (dyes) in wastewater but also catalyze the rapid degradation of dyes, which is expected to be valuable for industrial applications.

Enhanced Degradation of Various Dyes Under Sunlight Using Hybrid Nanomaterials

Enhanced Degradation of Various Dyes Under Sunlight Using Hybrid Nanomaterials

Degradation Efficiency of Organic Dyes on CQDs As Photocatalysts: A Review.

Across the globe, the task of providing clean and safe drinking water is getting harder. Organic contaminants, including dyes and pharmaceutical medications, are a significant environmental threat, especially in aquatic bodies due to their uncontrolled emission. Therefore, a method for their degradation in water bodies that is both environmentally friendly and commercially feasible must be developed. In the realm of photocatalysis, carbon-based nanomaterials have drawn more attention in the last ten years. Due to their exceptional and distinct qualities, metal-free carbon-based photocatalytic systems have received a lot of attention recently for their ability to degrade organic contaminants into semiconductor quantum dots, which are already available. A class of nanomaterials with a particle size between 2 and 10 nm showing distinct optoelectrical characteristics is among the variety of catalytic quantum dots. This review covers several synthesis techniques such as electrochemical, laser ablation, microwave radiation, hydrothermal, and optical features of CQDs such as the photoluminescent (PL) property and quantum confinement effect. The uses of CQDs in the degradation of various dyes as well as the difficulties that still exist and the opportunities that lie ahead have also been explored.

Gold nanoparticles supported on alumina grafted N-doped RGO: A green catalyst for the catalytic degradation of organic dyes and deprotection of oximes

An environmentally benign synthetic protocol for the preparation of gold supported N-doped TRGO-modified γ-alumina has been reported. The research focused on the use of different strategies for reduction of GO using natural as well as chemical reducing agents. Fresh tulsi and neem leaf extract were used for bio-reduction of GO, while hydrazine hydrate and sodium borohydride were used for the chemical reduction of GO to obtain RGO. The preliminary analysis from FT-IR and BET surface area authenticated that tulsi leaf extract was the best reducing agent among others for the preparation of RGO. TRGO (tulsi leaf extract reduced graphene oxide) obtained from the reduction of GO via tulsi leaf extract was doped with nitrogen to get N-doped TRGO followed by grafting with γ-Al2O3 and immobilization of Au NPs to get the desired catalyst. The developed catalyst was later examined via different characterization techniques. Further, the synthesized catalyst shows great potential for application in degradation of various dyes and oxidative deprotection of oximes. Nitrogen doping as well as the higher specific surface area of the catalyst were two key parameters influencing the higher catalytic performance of Au@NTRGO-γ-Al2O3. The rational strategy exhibited in the present work provides new insights into the development of green, efficient and sustainable catalysts for different organic transformations.

Synthesis of X@DRHC (X=Co, Ni, Mn) catalyst from comprehensive utilization of waste rice husk and spent lithium-ion batteries for efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation

Highly efficient resource recycling and comprehensive utilization play a crucial role in achieving the goal of reducing resource wasting, environmental protection, and achieving goal of sustainable development. In this work, the two kinds waste resources of agricultural rice husk and metal ions (Co, Ni, and Mn) from spent lithium-ion batteries have been skillfully utilized to synthesize novel Fenton-like catalysts. Desiliconized rice husk carbon (DRHC) with rich pore structure and large specific surface area from rice husk has been prepared and used as scalable carrier, and dandelion-like nanoparticles cluster could be grown in situ on the surface of the carrier by using metal ions contained waste water. The designed catalysts (X@DRHC) as well as their preparation process were characterized in detail by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD and XPS, respectively. Meanwhile, their catalytic abilities were also studied by activating potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS) to remove methylene blue (MB). The results indicate X@DRHC displays excellent degradation efficiency on MB with wide pH range and stable reusability, which is suitable for the degradation of various dyes. This work has realized the recycling and high-value utilization of waste resources from biomass and spent lithium-ion batteries, which not only creates an efficient way to dispose waste resources, but also shows high economic benefits in large-scale water treatment.

Dual role of silk fabric functionalized with polymer/GO-tungsten oxide nanocomposites as superwettable membranes and photocatalysts for removing dye contaminants and emulsion separation

BackgroundWastewater containing hazardous dye contaminants has aroused significant concern and poses a great challenge to membrane technology. Herein, a novel bio-inspired silk fabric membrane modified with L-histidine functionalized polyglycidyl methacrylate composited with graphene oxide and tungsten oxide (amino-PGMA/GO-WO2.72) was successfully produced to treat wastewater contaminants. MethodsAn urchin-like WO2.72 nanoparticle is synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The synthesized WO2.72 nanoparticles are composited with an amino-functionalized PGMA/GO via dispersion polymerization techniques. Finally, a flexible membrane is created by dip-coating silk fabric in the amino-PGMA/GO-WO2.72 nanocomposite solution. Significant findingsThe fabricated membrane showed excellent superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and outstanding performance in separating methylene blue (MB) dye-mixed emulsions under gravity with a high permeation flux of about 1690 ± 40 L m−2 h−1. The amino-PGMA/GO-WO2.72 modified silk fabric membrane showed remarkable stability, allowing the membrane to withstand a high separation efficiency of 99 %. Furthermore, the photo-responsive ability of the heterojunction GO-WO2.72 catalyst materials present in the modified membrane can lead to the reduction of toxic nitro phenols, degradation of various dyes and textile effluents wastewater with high photodegradation efficiency under UV–-visible and solar light irradiation.

Enhanced synergistic system for the persulfate activation under visible light using novel N–ZnO photocatalyst supported on Lantana camara-based biochar

Herein, a novel nitrogen-doped ZnO photocatalyst supported on biochar (N–ZnO@LBC) was synthesized using the Lantana camera as a green source of biochar. The synthesized photocatalyst was applied as an activator of persulfate (PS) for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were explored before and after photocatalysis using different characterization analyses. The results revealed that the nitrogen doping of ZnO@LBC could reduce the band gap energy from 2.83 eV to 2.78 eV resulting in higher activity under visible light. The synergetic effect of the N–ZnO@LBC/PS/visible process was investigated under various reaction conditions. Surprisingly, about 95.7% of MB photodegradation could be achieved using N–ZnO@LBC/PS/visible process under optimal conditions. Moreover, a prediction model with an excellent correlation between the actual and predicted data (R2 = 0.9844) was established to forecast MB removal. Interestingly, the scavenging tests exhibited that various reactive species could induce MB degradation in an order of O2−• > h+ > SO4−• >•OH with the highest contribution of O2−•. Additionally, the presence of functional hydroxyl groups in the N–ZnO@LBC structure could lead to the generation of additional radicals as confirmed by FT-IR analysis after photocatalysis. The reusability test showed that the photocatalyst could be reused for up to five cycles without a significant loss in the photocatalytic activity indicating its high stability. The cost of wastewater treatment by N–ZnO@LBC/PS/Visible process was estimated to be US$ 9.79/m3 based on an economic analysis. It worth mentioning that the proposed process was investigated for the degradation of other dyes including Congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) and the efficiencies were 65.41% and 59.23% for CR and MO, respectively. Overall, the proposed process could be a promising and cost-effective approach for the degradation of various dyes in real applications.

A Nanocomposite of ZnO and N,P‐Co‐Doped Carbon Dots for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Various Dyes and their Kinetic Study

AbstractEnvironmental pollution is becoming more severe by the day, and it is critical to discover an effective method to overcome and reduce pollution. Because nanomaterials are important in all fields, we employed a ZnO‐based N and P doped carbon quantum dots (NPCdots) nanocomposite to degrade multiple dyes including Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RhB). ZnO‐based NPCdots nanocomposite (ZnO‐NPCdots) was synthesized using a single step solvothermal technique, and the resulting nanocomposite was analysed using XRD, HRTEM, and XPS. These analyses unequivocally demonstrate that the ZnO‐NPCdots nanocomposite was successfully formed. The prepared nanocomposite was then used for the photocatalytic degradation of the different dyes under UV light, and it shows an effective catalytic property. In addition, four different kinetic models viz., zero order, pseudo first order, parabolic diffusion model, and modified Freundlich models were used to analyse the reaction‘s kinetics and actual catalytic phenomenon behind the reaction. The modified Freundlich model was found to be effective, indicating the surface phenomenon of the catalyst.

In Situ Decoration of Bi2S3 Nanosheets on Zinc Oxide/Cellulose Acetate Composite Films for Photodegradation of Dyes under Visible Light Irradiation.

A novel Bi2S3-zinc oxide/cellulose acetate composite film was prepared through a blending-wet phase conversion and in situ precipitate method. The results revealed that the incorporation of Bi2S3 in the film increased the cavity density and uniformity, which provided additional space for the growth of active species and improved the interaction between dye pollutants and active sites. Zinc oxide acted as a mediator to facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs effectively preventing their recombination, thus reducing the photo-corrosion of Bi2S3. As a result, the Bi2S3-ZnO/CA composite film exhibited favorable photocatalytic activity in the degradation of various dyes. Additionally, the composite film displayed effortless separation and recovery without the need for centrifugation or filtration, while maintaining its exceptional catalytic performance even after undergoing various processes.

A Comprehensive Review on Catalytic Activities of Green-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles on Dye Removal for Wastewater Treatment

The increase in economic activities and the industrialization of countries have caused the growth of pollution created by waste and sewage. In particular, the textile industry produces large amounts of liquid contaminants due to the large amounts of water employed during the production of fabrics. In addition, dyes are another category of organic compound used in many industries, such as pharmaceuticals and rubber making. The presence of limitations in physico-chemical methods for the degradation of various dyes has stimulated the interest of researchers worldwide. One of the most economical ways is the use of photocatalytic decomposition under UV light radiation by green nanoparticles (NPs). In recent years, various metal NPs have been made using the green method that is cost-effective, eco-friendly, safe, and simple. Selenium (Se) is a crucial semiconductor metal that is widely utilized for its outstanding photovoltaic and optoelectronic attributes. Due to the excellent physical characteristics of Se, such as thermo-conductivity, anisotropy, and high photoconductivity, it has been used for removing various organic dyes. Hence, green SeNPs have attracted much attention in the catalytic decomposition process. The current review focuses on providing comprehensive studies concerning the degradation or reduction of various organic dyes through green SeNPs as an effective and efficient method and their mechanisms. It highlights the importance of utilizing green chemistry and catalytic properties. The aim is to benefit researchers from both academic and industrial backgrounds.

Impact of titania phase structure and surface reactivity on the photocatalytic degradation of various dyes and textile wastewater

Titania (TiO2) powders have been prepared by precipitation method in different precipitation media which contain sulfate, nitrate or organic species. Photocatalytic degradation of different dyes and a real textile wastewater have been conducted with these powders along with commercial powder Degussa P25 for comparison. Ethyl alcohol (organic medium), sulfuric acid (sulfate medium) and nitric acid (nitrate medium) have been used to dissolve titanium precursor for the precipitation of TiO2 in ammonia solution. UV-Vis DRS and XPS results indicate that S doping in sulfate medium precipitated powder and N doping in nitrate medium precipitated powder has been occurred and the presence of S or N containing impurities on the grain boundaries have been improved light absorption of TiO2 significantly. However, these powders have exhibited low surface reactivities. The highest surface reactivity has been obtained with the powder precipitated in organic medium which also has the highest crystallite sizes (76 nm rutile and 34 nm anatase crystallites) with relatively low rutile weight percentage (10.0%). The surface-normalized rate constants of this powder are 0.02038 min-1.m-2 in real textile wastewater degradation and 0.0161 min-1.m-2 in methyl orange degradation, which are 0.01563 and 0.0091 min-1.m-2, respectively, for Degussa P25. Results have shown that this powder show 30-70% higher surface reactivities compared to Degussa P25. The main structural difference of organic medium precipitated powder and Degussa P25 has been found to be the anatase-rutile weight ratio and crystallite size of rutile phase whereas band gap energy of Degussa P25 is lower and other properties are not significantly different.

A brief review on the synthesis of TiO2 thin films and its application in dye degradation

Nanocatalyst films provide a large surface to volume ratio which helps for easy and higher adsorption of the target particles. Thin films also have a large specific surface area and high reactivity. Thin films have been extensively used to study the degradation of various dyes in previous research. Titanium dioxide is one of the most widely used photocatalysts catering to its low cost, easy synthesis and availability, high stability and long term photoactivity. This review focuses on the various methods of preparation of both bare and metal-doped TiO2 thin films and their further application in degradation studies of various dyes. The photoactivity of TiO2 films depends largely on the method used for synthesizing the films, the type of TiO2 used, the reaction conditions, and the type of product to be degraded. There have been several methods for synthesizing thin films some of which include sol–gel method, hydrothermal method, plasma chemical vapor deposition, chemical spray pyrolysis and others. Doping also helps in enhancing the degradation efficiency of the photocatalyst. Doping in TiO2 results in an overlap of the Ti 3d orbitals with the d levels of the metals causing a shift in the absorption spectrum to longer wavelengths which in turn favors the use of visible light to photoactivate the TiO2, resulting in a higher efficiency in degradation of dyes.

Facile synthesis of MgO nanoparticles for effective degradation of organic dyes.

In the present study, we have synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles by a facile and cost-effective chemical co-precipitation method with annealing at three different temperatures (350°C, 450°C, and 550°C) for the removal of various organic dyes. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the prepared samples are having sizes below 20 nm and with pure phase. Phase transformation of hexagonal Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles to discretely cubical structured MgO nanoparticles has been observed with increasing the annealing temperatures which is also supported by the TGA/DSC analysis. Mg-O stretching vibration peaks in the range of 400-800 cm-1 obtained by FTIR spectroscopy support the formation of MgO nanoparticles. The observed Raman active bands for the annealed sample at 550°C confirm the formation of the nanocrystalline phase since these bands are typically absent in the bulk MgO as well as in Mg(OH)2. The surface morphology of the as-prepared Mg(OH)2 are aggregated nano-petals which changed into spherical shape for MgO annealed at 550°C as studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The specific surface area of MgO nanoparticles annealed at 550°C using BET isotherms is found to be 37.487 m2g-1. The optical bandgaps of the prepared samples are found to be in the range of 4.4 to 5.1 eV using the Tauc plot. Adsorption studies with a variation of initial brilliant green dye concentration and contact time are carried out along with the studies of adsorption kinetic and isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model is the most suitable model on the basis of correlation constant with maximum BG dye adsorption capacity onto MgO@550°C which is found to be 63.9 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Also prepared pristine MgO nanoparticles showed significant photocatalytic performance for the degradation of various dyes; brilliant green (BG: 88.91%), methylene blue (MB: 79.05%), crystal violet (CV: 76.49%), methyl orange (MO: 68.62%), and brilliant blue (BB: 40.44%) under visible irradiation. MgO nanoparticles could be a promising adsorbent and photocatalyst that may be employed in the treatment of effluents from industries.

A comprehensive review on sustainable greener nanoparticles for efficient dye degradation.

The effluents released from textile industries mainly consist of dyes, metals and other pollutants. Dyes often are discharged in wastewater streams causing adverse effect on the environment. To eliminate these harmful dyes, various techniques are emerging out of which nanotechnology is the most reliable and safer. Nanotechnology offers convincing applications in case of environmental and economic concerns. The bio-synthesis of nanoparticles has several advantages over conventional methods and approach towards environment concern as well. Biological method of nanoparticles synthesis is concluded to be the most promising and efficient in action. Bio-synthesised nanoparticles could be used for treatment and decolourisation of dyes in an efficient manner. This review comprises the study of number of bio-synthesised nanoparticles utilised for degradation of various dyes present as pollutants in wastewater. Bio-synthesised nanoparticles such as gold, silver, iron, cobalt, zinc, titanium and molybdenum used for degradation of various dyes have been discussed in this review.

Photocatalytic study of metal oxide enhanced ZnO synthesized by a one-step cyclic-microwave method: The role of the p-n heterostructure

In this work, the role of the p-n junction in the photocatalytic degradation of various dyes in contaminated wastewater was studied. The n-type ZnO was synthesized by the cyclic-microwave method and was enhanced by various metal oxides, e.g., CuO, NiO, and Fe2O3. The materials were characterized by various methods. The degradation of Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RhB) under the photocatalysts and UV light irradiation was examined. From the results, the performance of the dye degradation by the p-n CuO/ZnO and NiO/ZnO materials was better than that of the pure ZnO. On the other hand, the n-n heterostructure Fe2O3/ZnO showed a decrease in photocatalytic performance. The photocatalyst with the highest performance was Ni(5)-ZnO, which can degrade dyes contaminating water by greater than 99.71%. The physical principle behind the increase in the photocatalytic performance is due to the formation of the p-n junction by CuO and NiO to the n-type ZnO, resulting in the efficient generation of electron-hole pairs.

Recent advances in biochar technology for textile dyes wastewater remediation: A review

With the continuous rise of industrialization and agriculture, the concentration of organic contaminants such as dyes in the ecosystem has increased in subsequent years, causing major environmental contamination. Adsorption has been revealed to be a reliable and cost-effective way of eliminating organic pollutants. Biochar technology has the potential of converting trash into treasure when utilized for environmental remediation since it has numerous benefits such as the availability of diverse types of raw materials, low cost, and reusability. The potential of biochar as an adsorbent, support for catalysis, and a composite catalyst for dye degradation and mineralization is summarized in this research. It discusses its current research status in the adsorption and degradation of various dyes, incorporates the pertinent adsorption variables, encapsulates its regeneration techniques, investigates its engineering applications, and finally analyses limitations and discusses future development prospects.

Recent Developments on Magnetically Separable Ferrite‐Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Environmental Pollutants

The current water supply situation demonstrates the predominance of contamination caused by industrial effluent runoff. Polluted waters have contributed to significant health and environmental risks, calling for an acceptable alternative to address the effects. However, diverse chemical and treatment physical stages commonly used for dye effluent processing are more cost‐intensive, less effective, and time‐consuming. Instead, nanomaterials have developed as a good alternative for dye removal and degradation because of their special chemical reactivity and superior surface features/properties. In this regard, the ability of modified or hybrid ferrite‐based magnetically recoverable nanomaterials in dye effluent treatment has been extensively explored. The present study especially emphasizes magnetic ferrite (Fe3O4 + X) or metal‐doped ferrite (MFe2O4 + X) nanocomposite for dye degradation (where M consists of Co, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ni, etc., and X consists of reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, metal, or metal oxide). Several dye degradation efficiencies of various ferrite and metal ferrite nanomaterial were discussed. Degradation is carried out using direct sunlight, and various lamps (e.g., visible light/UV‐C lamp/halogen lamp/Mercury‐Xenon lamp/UV lamp with UV filter for visible light) are used as a source. This review article covers the degradation of various dyes from wastewater using ferrite‐based nanomaterial as an efficient catalyst and making water pollution free.

Sargassum myriocystum-mediated TiO2-nanoparticles and their antimicrobial, larvicidal activities and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of various dyes

Recently, the phyco-synthesis of nanoparticles has been applied as a reliable approach to modern research field, and it has yielded a wide spectrum of diverse uses in fields such as biological science and environmental science. This study used marine natural resource seaweed Sargassum myriocystum due to their unique phytochemicals and their significant attributes in giving effective response on various biomedical applications. The response is created by their stress-tolerant environmental adaptations. This inspired us to make an attempt using the above-mentioned charactersitics. Therfore, the current study performed phycosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) utilising aqueous extracts of S. myriocystum. The TiO2-NPs formation was confirmed in earlier UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The crystalline structure, functional groups (phycomolecules), particle morphology (cubic, square, and spherical), size (∼50–90 nm), and surface charge (negative) of the TiO2-NPs were analysed and confirmed by various characterisation analyses. In addition, the seaweed-mediated TiO2-NPs was investigated, which showed potential impacts on antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm actions against pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Additionally, some evaluations were performed on larvicidal activities of TiO2-NPs in oppose to Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos and the environmental effects of photocatalytic activities against methylene blue and crystal violet under sunlight irradiation. The highest percent of methylene blue degradation was observed at 92.92% within 45 min. Overall, our findings suggested that S. myriocystum mediates TiO2-NPs to be a potent disruptive material for bacterial pathogens and mosquito larvae and also to enhance the photocatalytic dye degradation.