Definite History Research Articles

Unpacking LGBT+ hate crimes discourse in Italy: between symbolic recognition and claims for sexual citizenship

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a critical account of the hate crime (HC) paradigm by exploring its historical legal definition and the limitations in addressing the multiple and structural discriminations faced by minority groups. Specifically, the article focuses on the case of Italy, where in recent years a fierce debate over a proposed law on HC against LGBT+ and disabled people ended in its rejection due to neoconservative and Catholic opposition.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on critical socio-criminological literature on HC, the paper analyses the Italian debates and socio-legal context over the past two decades regarding discrimination against LGBT+ groups and its (lack of) criminalization. It also provides a secondary analysis of recent data on violence and discrimination against LGBT+ people, collected by the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA).FindingsThe analysis of the debate and the data collected shows that the criminal definition of HC is insufficient to capture the wider range of social and cultural violence and discrimination against LGBT+ people. Indeed, data analysis shows the effect of the low level of recognition of rights on the propensity of people to denounce and of social practitioners to recognize, discrimination and violence against LGBT+ people. It is therefore argued that the discussion on HC should move beyond the criminalization of individual violence to be entrenched in a broader reflection over the lack of recognition of sexual citizenship rights which perpetuates the vulnerability of LGBT+ people.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the international socio-criminological debate on HC. It argues for a comprehensive framework that recognizes the structural nature of discrimination and violence against vulnerable groups by framing discrimination and violence against LGBT+ people as a citizenship right rather than a criminal justice issue.

Neighbourhood identity: a methodological perspective from Nantes-France

PurposeThis research aims to develop a method for defining the identity of multilayered neighbourhoods by taking a case study in Nantes/France. It utilizes the urban identity concept to achieve this goal, which is defined by physical and identificatory relation to the neighbourhood.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology includes historical periodical analysis, housing form and architectural stylistic definition, visualization and geographic information system (GIS) mapping. The research conducts spatial analysis to reveal the physical component of the urban identity of the neighbourhood and interviews (No = 50) with dwellers for the identificatory relation, asking about neighbourhood tangible/non-tangible elements. All these data are mapped through GIS.FindingsThe study found that the physical component is defined by three urban layers (identified as industrial, reconstruction and development, and post-industrial) and eleven housing typologies. As for the identificatory relation, the authors found that the interviewees mostly identified with their neighbourhood, whereas a minority did not. The most important form of identification with the neighbourhood was its atmosphere, and as reasons were given, the neighbourhood's positively evaluated quality, good location and social values.Originality/valueIt proposes the definition of the physical component through urban layers and housing typologies. The identificatory relation also considers the identification of the residents with the neighbourhood's tangible/non-tangible urban elements.

Research on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Translation Courses

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its application in the field of education is more and more extensive. This paper aims to deeply explore the application of artificial intelligence in translation courses, analyze its advantages, application models, problems and solutions, and forecast the future research direction and development trend. First of all, this paper gives a comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence technology, and elaborates its definition, classification and development history in depth. Then, in light of the problems and challenges of traditional translation courses, this paper focuses on the advantages of AI application in translation courses, including improving the accuracy and efficiency of translation and providing personalized learning support. At the same time, this paper also introduces the application mode and practice of artificial intelligence in translation courses in detail, including the principle and function of intelligent translation tools, case analysis of translation course design based on artificial intelligence technology. When discussing the problems faced in the application and solving strategies, this paper deeply analyzes the technical limitations and defects, the change of teacher's role and students' learning mode, and puts forward a series of feasible solving strategies. Finally, the practical value of artificial intelligence in translation courses is summarized, and the future research direction and development trend are prospected.

Association of IL-8 and CXCR2 with AST/ALT Ratio in Liver Abnormalities Screening during Oxidative Stress Injury Caused by VCM.

Liver impairment caused by VCM has been linked to irreversible damage such as fibrosis, necrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver angiosarcoma. However, the ability to detect abnormalities during initial phase have not been achieved so far. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-X-C chemokines 2 (CXCR2) on screening for a VCM-exposed group (n = 227) from a PVC manufacturing factory compared to a control group (n = 110) in Tianjin City in 2020 with influence factors evaluation. Ambient concentrations of VCM and health archives from 2012 to 2018 were collected for establishing the dose-effect trend. A cross-sectional survey in 2020 was performed to measure TDGA, IL-8, CXCR2, 8-OHdG, SOD, GPX, CAT, MDA, and ROS levels. Results indicated a continuous increased incidence on liver abnormalities despite a fluctuated downward trend in cumulative time-weighted average (CTWA) VCM concentrations over the years. ALT, AST, and AST/ALT ratio all contributed to liver abnormalities that contained fatty liver, liver calcification, and liver cysts, IL-8 and CXCR2 correlated with each other strongly and showed significant associations with oxidative stress markers, even AST/ALT ratio. IL-8 (>1547 µg/m3) or CXCR2 (<139 µg/m3) influenced the AST/ALT ratio through reciprocal interactions under oxidative stress injury, CXCR2 (>222 µg/m3), working years of 21 to 30 (a) and 11 to 20 (a), TDGA (>1.52 mg/L), alcohol consumption, smoking habit, and a less sleeping duration of <4 h per day would also be potential factors affecting the AST/ALT ratio. In conclusion (1) even with decreased VCM concentrations in PVC manufacturing factories liver abnormalities that contained fatty liver, liver calcification, and liver cysts could still occur due to oxidative stress injury with involvement of IL-8 and CXCR2. The status of protective measure and appropriate mask types also play a role; (2) the AST/ALT ratio could be a specific indicator for detecting abnormalities when combined with liver B ultrasonography results before impairment altered from bad to worse; and (3) factors such as definite medication history, fully broken protective facilities, alcohol consumption, less sleeping duration, inappropriate mask types, and longer working years could also influence AST/ALT ratio alterations through complex interactions.

Exploring Cognitive Dysfunction as a Secondary Effect of Kidney Disease: Unveiling the Kidney-Brain Interconnection. A Literature Review

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition affecting not only renal function but also various extra-renal systems, including the central nervous system. Cognitive impairment (CI) has emerged as a significant concern in CKD patients, manifesting as a spectrum ranging from mild cognitive deficits to clinically relevant dementia. Methods: A literature research of electronic databases (Pub-med library, NDT articles and Google Scholar covering the period from 2003-to March 2024) were conducted to assess the association of CKD and cognitive impairment. Results: This literature review explores the historical perspectives, definitions, clinical significance, methodological challenges, and potential mechanisms underlying CI in CKD. Furthermore, it highlights ongoing research initiatives, structural and hemodynamic similarities between the kidney and brain. Conclusions: Increasing clinician’s awareness of CI in CKD is essential to improving its early identification. Therefore, the early identification of possible precursors of CI and the diagnosis and prevention of it is of increased importance. Due to the complexity of CKD, there is tremendous need for increased multidisciplinary team for future directions in this ever-expanding area which is pivotal to our patient’s quality and quantity of life. Keywords: Cognitive impairment, chronic kidney disease, kidney-brain axis.

Deceiving duodenal erosion: fishbone lies beneath.

Incidental identification of foreign body (FB) during daily screening endoscopy is not rare. The patients may have unspecific symptoms and do not report a history of FB ingestion at presentation. Although these FBs mostly pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully, a certain proportion could be impacted and cause complications. Lack of a definite history of FB ingestion could make diagnosis difficult and delay treatment when FB presents with deceiving endoscopic appearances. We report a duodenal FB mimicking erosion found in screening upper endoscopy.

Ibram X. Kendi and Relativist Antiracism

Ibram X. Kendi’s bestselling book How to be an Antiracist (2019) has been enormously influential and deserves the serious attention it has received. It follows his important historical work Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (2016), which is much more scholarly and won the National Book Award the year it came out. But these books seem to take for granted a fairly simple version of cultural relativism in ethics that is widely regarded by moral philosophers as seriously defective. I want to take these doubts further and show that cultural relativism is a disastrous theoretical choice for an anti-racist like Kendi to make. In Section I I explain the kind of relativism I have in mind: agent-based, cultural, normative ethical relativism. In Section II, using the two books I have mentioned, I give textual support to my attribution of this kind of relativism to Kendi. In Section III I argue for my theoretical-disaster claim and defend it against some Kendi-inspired criticism. In Section IV I address some serious relativist doubts about ethical universalism, the opposite of relativism. Finally, in Section V I offer some brief concluding remarks.

Black Music Aesthetics in General Music Part 1: Exploring Black Musics

Black Music Aesthetics (BMA), guided by conceptual approaches grounded in African belief systems, are found in the structure and performance practices of Black musics. Music education in American society leans strongly toward Western European aesthetics, which includes: the centrality of rhythm, pitch, and harmony to musical understanding; a reliance on written notation for preserving and sharing musical ideas; and a primary focus on sounds. While Black music and musicality can be explored using Western European aesthetics, they cannot be thoroughly explored in this way. In this series of articles, I draw on the work of ethnomusicologists to define BMA and provide concrete examples for incorporating them in general music. The first article in this series provides a historical foundation and definition for BMA and offers examples of how it can be centered in the study of Black musics.

Exploring the Ideas of the Faculty of Sport Sciences Students on the Concept of E-Sports

This research was planned to analyze the opinions of the students of the faculty of sports sciences about e-sports games. The research was designed in a “qualitative research pattern” in order to examine in depth what e-sports games are, the sources of motivation in playing e-sports games, social development, psychomotor development and virtual reality perceptions. The data of the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 students selected by criterion sampling method. The obtained data were coded, divided into categories and evaluated with content analysis. In the study, it was determined that the participants adopted the view that e-sports has negative effects in terms of social, physical and psychological aspects, and that it has positive contributions in terms of economic and leisure activities. Considering the nature of sports, modern sports theory and also the cultural and historical definitions, it can be said that e-sports games will not have a significant physiological contribution to the players since they are played by the computers in an inactive way. On the contrary some social and psychological contributions could be considered.

KADINLARIN YÖNETİMDEKİ BECERİLERİNE İLİŞKİN GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE BEYİN ARAŞTIRMALARI: KADINLAR YÖNETİMDE HAK ETTİĞİ STATÜYE SAHİP Mİ?

This study aims at to search prominent brain studies that externalised women from communal system and set forth the situations that more women should take the management chair. Firstly, historical definitions that discriminate women and haul them down in brain research, biological dissimilarities in brains according to gender in today's brain research, and the cultural effect shaped by the female brain in co-evolution are analyzed. Brain research in past and today, processes that provide evolution and development, are the basic data investigated. A qualitative study grounds on indirect observation was conducted by probing the data from literature, the continuums and incidents observed in history, and how the continuum was shaped. Events and facts were interpreted and described in their entirety. Brain studies that discriminate against women, the biological and communal act played by women in evolution, development and fitting women at the hub of community and management are the issues that provide clues in the analysis. It is seen how women have been subject to to discrimination with regard to competency in management as a result. As a result it appears that women are the precursor of society and management due to their evolution roles and brain capacity.

Le passage à l’acte suicidaire dans sa dimension perverse, analyse d’un cas clinique

ObjectiveThe notions of psychosis, neurosis, and perversion structured clinical thought during the golden age of psychoanalysis. But, even if psychosis and neurosis are still an integral part of our medical vocabulary, perversion, on the other hand, has become a forgotten or even obsolete concept. However, some mechanisms of interaction between patients and more precisely some suicide attempts seem to be significantly related to it. In this article, we offer the reader a second look at this clinical perversion. MethodologyThis article aims to study some perverse mechanisms that are present in clinical work with suicidal patients and to establish a current, historical, and non-exhaustive definition that will answer the following question: “can a suicide attempt be thought of as a perverse act in its address to the therapist?” The theoretical input will be supported by a preliminary clinical illustration about the hospital and ambulatory monitoring of a young patient. ResultsWhen suicidal acting out takes on a special meaning addressed to the therapist and allows the patient to seize power in the therapeutic relationship, we can clearly see the characteristics of perversion. DiscussionA cautious approach should be adopted about this proposition: not all suicidal acts are to be associated without nuance with perversion. Similarly, it is up to the therapist to understand the mechanisms developed by the patient in the therapeutic relationship and to make them the object of shared therapeutic work. ConclusionThis article offers the reader a theoretical and clinical approach to the suicidal act in patients whose psychic structure can be considered perverse. It allows us to: differentiate between addressed and un-addressed suicidal acts, acknowledge the resulting clinical difficulties, and explore avenues about the monitoring of patients after a suicide attempt.

Spinal Sagittal Imbalance is Associated with Vertebral Fracture without a Definite History of Falls: Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study of Cohort with and without a Distal Radius Fracture

Background: Treating osteoporosis in patients with a distal radius fracture (DRF) became paramount at the Fracture Liaison Service. Spinal sagittal imbalance emerged as a risk factor for subsequent fractures. Therefore, here we investigated the spinal profile of patients with DRF to investigate its association with a history of falls and prevalent vertebral fractures.Methods: We reviewed the cases of 162 women presenting with DRF and 162 age-matched women without fracture who underwent an osteoporosis evaluation including bone mineral density (BMD) and lateral spine imaging. We compared the incidence of prevalent vertebral fracture and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) to measure spinal sagittal imbalance. We also performed a regression analysis of the risks of prevalent vertebral fracture, such as age, body mass index (BMI), BMD, and SVA.Results: The SVA was significantly smaller (indicating more stable sagittal balance) in patients with a DRF versus controls (16 mm vs. 34 mm, respectively; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). The incidence of a prevalent vertebral fracture was similar between groups (12% vs. 15%, respectively; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.332). In both groups, the SVA was significantly greater in those with versus without a vertebral fracture. The vertebral fracture was significantly associated with age and SVA but not BMI or spinal BMD.Conclusions: Spinal sagittal balance was superior in DRF patients, yet the frequency of prevalent vertebral fractures was similar. The identification of this unique spinal profile in patients with DRF may increase our understanding of osteoporotic fractures.

Principle Analysis and Application Prospect of Mechatronics Drive System

With the progress of science and technology and the change of application demand, mechatronics drive system will face new challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to deeply analyze the mechatronics drive system, and discuss its application prospect. First of all, the paper introduces mechatronics technology, including definition, characteristics and development history, to better understand mechatronics technology. Secondly, the thesis focuses on the principle analysis of the mechatronics drive system, including the structure of the drive system, the matching principle of the motor, the control principle and the related algorithm. Through the detailed analysis of these principles, the working principle of mechatronics drive system can be better understood. Finally, through the above discussion, the paper analyzes the application potential and potential defects in various aspects, and puts forward the possible development direction in the future. This paper reveals the application prospect of mechatronics drive system in different fields, and provides useful information and enlightenment for relevant researchers and engineers to promote the development and application of mechatronics drive system technology.

Clinico-Epidemiological Trends of Leprosy at a Tertiary Care Centre of South Rajasthan: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Leprosy is a major public health problem in India, which affects many people every year and has significantly high new case detection rates in certain districts and blocks. According to the National Leprosy Elimination Program (NLEP) report of March 2019, there were a total of 1.14 lakhs new cases of leprosy in India with an Annual New Case Detection Rate (ANCDR) of 8.1 per 100,000 population. The present study aimed at determining the epidemiological and clinical profile of leprosy patients from a tertiary level teaching hospital in South Rajasthan. A retrospective, record-based study was carried out on patients registered in the leprosy clinic of a tertiary level teaching hospital of South Rajasthan during a period of ten years (2010-2019). Data regarding the demographic profile, clinical features, treatment given, and complications were analysed. A total of 1372 patients registered in the leprosy clinic during a period of 10 years were evaluated. There were 1007 (73.4%) males and 365 (26.6%) females with a male-female ratio of 2.76:1. The majority of patients 671 (48.9%) belonged to the middle age group (21-40 years). Multibacillary leprosy was the most common clinical type seen in 1109 patients (80.8%). Borderline leprosy was the most common morphological type, determined in 625 (45.6%) patients, of which BL (21.0%) was the most common group. 16.7% patients presented with leprosy reaction at the time of initial diagnosis. Type 1 reaction was seen in 91(6.6%) and type 2 reaction in 138 (10.1%) patients. Grade I disability was observed in 347 (25.3%) patients whereas grade II disability was seen in 456 (33.2%) patients. 54 patients (3.9%) had a definite history of contact in the family. 28 patients defaulted during the study period. Yearly trend of epidemiological and operational parameters was observed, and the parameters were compared with the national data. Persistent high proportion of multibacillary cases and grade 2 disability indicates that leprosy continues to be a significant health care problem despite statistical elimination. There is a clear need to strengthen early detection, treatment and regular follow-up of these cases in both high and low endemic settings.

An exploration of the evidence surrounding the identity of the last captive Thylacine

ABSTRACT The last known captive Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) died at the Beaumaris Zoo on Hobart’s Queen’s Domain on the evening of Monday the 7th September 1936. However, within six months of its death the date of its capture was being inaccurately reported. Over the ensuing years there has been much debate and controversy relating to its source, sex, period of display, welfare, and more recently the fate of its remains. Whilst there has been some agreement, significant confusion has been created by the disparate, fragmentary, and often contradictory sources of evidence, with five distinctly exclusive provenances proposed for this specimen. For a species whose extinction was hastened by anthropogenic interventions, we have a moral obligation to preserve as much factual detail as possible about the Thylacine. To this end, the authors have undertaken a thorough review of the hypotheses advanced by Smith (1981) &amp; Paddle (2000); Guiler (1986) &amp; Bailey (2001); Sleightholme et al., 2020; Linnard et al., 2020 and Paddle &amp; Medlock (2023), and have evaluated each against a synthesis of the evidence accrued over the previous 93 years to examine whether a definitive identification and history of the last known captive Thylacine can be determined. The authors found a sufficiently strong correlation between the evidence and the position advanced by Linnard et al., (2020) to maintain that the last captive Thylacine can be identified as the juvenile male captured at Penney’s Flats on the Arthur River by 19 year old Roy and 59 year old Dan Delphin on the evening of Monday 7th July 1930.

Tisagenlecleucel utilisation and outcomes across refractory, first relapse and multiply relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective analysis of real-world patterns

Tisagenlecleucel was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and B-ALL in ≥2nd relapse. Outcomes of patients receiving commercial tisagenlecleucel upon 1st relapse have yet to be established. We aimed to report real-world tisagenlecleucel utilisation patterns and outcomes across indications, specifically including patients treated in 1st relapse, an indication omitted from formal FDA approval. We conducted a retrospective analysis of real-world tisagenlecleucel utilisation patterns across 185 children and young adults treated between August 30, 2017 and March 6, 2020 from centres participating in the Pediatric Real-World CAR Consortium (PRWCC), within the United States. We described definitions of refractory B-ALL used in the real-world setting and categorised patients by reported Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell indication, including refractory, 1st relapse and ≥2nd relapse B-ALL. We analysed baseline patient characteristics and post-tisagenlecleucel outcomes across defined cohorts. Thirty-six percent (n=67) of our cohort received tisagenlecleucel following 1st relapse. Of 66 evaluable patients, 56 (85%, 95% CI 74-92%) achieved morphologic complete response. Overall-survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at 1-year were 69%, (95% CI 58-82%) and 49%, (95% CI 37-64%), respectively, with survival outcomes statistically comparable to remaining patients (OS; p=0.14, EFS; p=0.39). Notably, toxicity was increased in this cohort, warranting further study. Interestingly, of 30 patients treated for upfront refractory disease, 23 (77%, 95% CI 58-90%) had flow cytometry and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS) minimum residual disease (MRD)-only disease at the end of induction, not meeting the historic morphologic definition of refractory. Our findings suggested that tisagenlecleucel response and survival rates overlap across patients treated with upfront refractory B-ALL, B-ALL ≥2nd relapse and B-ALL in 1st relapse. We additionally highlighted that definitions of refractory B-ALL are evolving beyond morphologic measures of residual disease. St. Baldrick's/Stand Up 2 Cancer, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research.

Otome Games: globalization and glocalization processes, conceptualization and data analysis of Brazilian players

This paper endeavors to examine the concept and features of Otome Games in a comprehensive way by conducting an exploratory narrative review and applying a e-survey to understand the Brazilian Otome Game market and player's culture. This article also discusses the globalization and glocalization process of Otome Games, covering the actors, market share, exportation process, social issues, indigenization, culture, and definition. Furthermore, this paper offers a historical definition of Otome Games and their relation to Japanese feminine culture. Additionally, a fitting definition for Otome Games and other types of games - known as Josei Muke - is introduced. The indigenization process of Otome Games in South Korea and Brazil is also explored, demonstrating how this process is improving tourism and animation markets via transmedia. Finally, this paper presents data analysis from an E-survey of the Brazil fan community of Otome Games, revealing specific cultural and market aspects unique to Brazil setting it apart from other countries where Otome Games have been studied.

Redesigning Museum Display Models in The Context of Digitalization

After decades of digital tide washing the world, even one of the most sacred existences in human life, art, has to go through evolution and make some adaptions. The materials used in artists' creations, the artworks' presence in time and space as objects, and the economic properties of art have all been changed drastically as a response to the rapidly growing cybernetic world. An increasing number of digital artworks show up on the internet every day, whether they are the documentation of physical artworks in the real world or completely digital pieces that only live in the cybernetic world. Accordingly, the relationship between the online audience and digital works has completely changed their interactions. Museum professionals, public audiences, educators, and so many other roles in the art-viewing activity are having mixed opinions about dealing with art in virtual spaces. They need a more accurate understanding of the meaning and value of the artworks they are viewing. Therefore, how to apply digital media technology to facilitate a better creative experience between viewers and digital physical artworks will be a very important and challenging issue. This paper firstly explains the definition and development history of digital museum exhibition; secondly analyzes the current research status of digital museum exhibition technology and its application areas at home and abroad; then discusses the factors affecting the audience's viewing behavior from the user's perspective, namely: human psychological factors (including cognitive factors, emotional factors, motivation), environmental factors (including social and cultural factors, natural environmental factors); finally The construction method of the virtual exhibition system based on the concept of interaction design is discussed in combination with the above two aspects, and the model can effectively improve the audience's visiting experience through examples.

A Comparative Study of the Etiology of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection and Carotid Artery Dissection.

Both extrinsic (trauma or violent movement) and intrinsic (structural abnormality, atherosclerosis, or hemodynamic instability) factors may result in arterial dissection. The role of these factors in the origin or progression of dissection remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features, radiologic features, and outcomes of intracranial vertebral artery dissection compared with carotid artery dissection and to determine the major causative factors. Consecutive patients with craniocervical dissection (n=127) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with intracranial vertebral artery dissection (n=77) and those with carotid artery dissection (n=35) were compared with respect to patient age, sex, cerebrovascular risk factors, laboratory indices, and radiologic features. Intracranial vertebral artery dissection was the most common craniocervical arterial dissection in our cohort (n=77, 60.6%). Body mass index in the intracranial vertebral artery dissection group was significantly greater than that in carotid artery dissection group. Clinical manifestations of intracranial vertebral artery dissection included ischemic stroke (37.7%), dizziness or vertigo (39.0%), and headache or neck pain (44.2%). Two patients had a definite history of trauma. The frontal and lateral tortuosity ratios of the vertebral basilar artery were significantly greater while the vertex angle was smaller in the intracranial vertebral artery dissection group compared with carotid artery dissection group. A positive correlation between the tortuosity ratios and subarachnoid hemorrhage and a significant inverse correlation between the tortuosity ratios and lipid parameters (high-density lipoprotein; apolipoprotein A1) were identified. Intrinsic causes may play a more important role in the development of intracranial vertebral artery dissection than carotid artery dissection.

Study of Addiction in COPD Patients in Abbassia Chest Hospital

Abstract Background and objectives Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multi-factorial systemic disease that commonly associated with tobacco smoking, moreover, smoking cannabis substance become widely used. The aim of the study is determining the pattern of addiction pattern in patients with COPD, in addition to evaluating the impact of that substance in the disease course. Methods About 100 male patients with definite COPD diagnosis and history of regular substance abuse were enrolled in the study, all of them subjected to COPD assessment test (CAT) and addiction questionnaire. Results The mean age of the studied patients was (52.84 ± 10.21) years, and 15 % of them with overweight. Addiction with Hashish (cannabis) was the most prevalent among the studied groups (70%), while 3 and 2% of cases had used IV substance and Heroin respectively. The most predominant CAT score category were CAT score III and IV with frequency about 44% and 30% respectively. More than half of cases (52%) admitted to ICU because of substance abuse two times or more during the duration of the study. Conclusion The prevalence of Hashish (Cannabis) addiction was higher among COPD patients, and significantly associated with higher CAT score category, in addition to increase the frequency of repeated ICU admission with respiratory complication.