The alkanes in plant materials can potentially be used as markers to estimate composition and digestibility of diet of deer for the development of feeding strategies, but the analysis of alkanes in plant materials and deer faeces is time-consuming and expensive. In this study, 242 faecal samples and 119 pasture samples were scanned using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and the concentrations of alkanes in these samples were analysed to develop calibrations for predicting alkane concentrations in pastures and deer faeces. The R 2 values for NIR calibrations were 0.8 for other alkanes for faecal samples. The R 2 values were >0.87 for alkanes with chains from C27 to C35 for pasture samples. However, NIR was unable to predict concentrations of alkanes with chains of C24, C26, C32 and C36 in faecal samples and C24, C25, C26 and C36 in pasture samples. While the use of these NIR calibrations will accelerate the estimation of diet digestibility, dietary components and botanical composition of pastures, the influence of the type of pasture on NIR calibration will require further examination. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 11 : 1611-1616)