Dedicated Short Range Communications Technology Research Articles

A Performance Benchmark for Dedicated Short-Range Communications and LTE-Based Cellular-V2X in the Context of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication and Urban Scenarios.

For more than a decade, communication systems based on the IEEE 802.11p technology—often referred to as Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)—have been considered a de facto industry standard for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. The technology, however, is often criticized for its poor scalability, its suboptimal channel access method, and the need to install additional roadside infrastructure. In 3GPP Release 14, the functionality of existing cellular networks has been extended to support V2X use cases in an attempt to address the well-known drawbacks of the DSRC. In this paper, we present a complex simulation study in order to benchmark both technologies in a V2I communication context and an urban scenario. In particular, we compare the DSRC, LTE in the infrastructural mode (LTE-I), and LTE Device-to-Device (LTE-D2D) mode 3 in terms of the average end-to-end delay and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) under varying communication conditions achieved through the variation of the communication perimeter, message generation frequency, and road traffic intensity. The obtained results are put into the context of the networking and connectivity requirements of the most popular V2I C-ITS services. The simulation results indicate that only the DSRC technology is able to support the investigated V2I communication scenarios without any major limitations, achieving an average end-to-end delay of less than 100 milliseconds and a PDR above 96% in all of the investigated simulation scenarios. The LTE-I is applicable for the most of the low-frequency V2I services in a limited communication perimeter (<600 m) and for lower traffic intensities (<1000 vehicles per hour), achieving a delay pf less than 500 milliseconds and a PDR of up to 92%. The LTE-D2D in mode 3 achieves too great of an end-to-end delay (above 1000 milliseconds) and a PDR below 72%; thus, it is not suitable for the V2I services under consideration in a perimeter larger than 200 m. Moreover, the LTE-D2D mode 3 is very sensitive to the distance between the transmitter and its serving eNodeB, which heavily impacts the PDR achieved.

Harnessing Vehicular Broadcast Communications: DSRC-Actuated Traffic Control

Traffic congestion in major cities around the globe is a daunting problem that is getting worse as the speed of urbanization keeps increasing. The role of traffic lights (TLs) at intersections in regulating flows cannot be underestimated. Even though there are a variety of actuated traffic signals based on cameras or loop detectors, the vast majority of existing TLs in the world employ a timer-based decision logic which is clearly not very effective. In this paper, we present a new scheme for controlling traffic at intersections, which is known as dedicated short-range communications (DSRCs)-actuated traffic control. The proposed approach leverages the presence of DSRC radios in vehicles and gives priority (by displaying green light) to approaches (roads) that include DSRC-equipped vehicles (such as 10% or 20% of vehicles having DSRC radios). Using this priority mechanism, it is shown that the average waiting time at each TL can be significantly reduced. This, in turn, can reduce the average commute time of urban workers during rush hours substantially. One of the great advantages of the presented approach is that it can function well with even a low percentage of DSRC-equipped vehicles. Given that many industry forecasts predict a gradual penetration rate for the DSRC technology, this is a very attractive feature. It is also shown that the proposed new approach leads to a cost-effective solution for urban traffic control since the hardware and software platforms needed for its implementation are low cost.

Throughput and Economics of DSRC-Based Internet of Vehicles

Vehicular mesh networks could be an important new way to provide Internet access in urban areas using dedicated short range communications (DSRC). In some circumstances, DSRC technology is more cost-effective than expanding the capacity of cellular networks. We determine what those circumstances are by combining our simulation model with data collected from an actual vehicular network that is operating in Portugal. We use the model to estimate how much Internet traffic can be offloaded to vehicular networks that would otherwise be carried by cellular networks, under a variety of conditions. We use offloaded traffic to estimate the benefits of cost savings of reduced cellular infrastructure due to offload, and the cost of the DSRC vehicular network to carry that traffic. Then, we determine when benefit exceeds cost. We find that the benefits from the Internet traffic alone are not enough to justify a universal mandate to deploy DSRC in all vehicles, i.e., the benefits of Internet access alone are less than total costs. However, the majority of DSRC-related costs must be incurred anyway if safety is to be enhanced. Thus, soon after a mandate to put DSRC in new vehicles becomes effective, the benefits of Internet access through vehicular networks in densely populated areas would be significantly greater than the remaining costs, which are the costs of roadside infrastructure that can serve as a gateway to the Internet. Moreover, the benefit of Internet access would exceed DSRC infrastructure cost in regions with lower and lower population densities over time.

Performance of the 802.11p Physical Layer in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Environments

A reliable robust wireless network of connected vehicles is desired to enable a number of future telematics and infotainment applications in the vehicular domain. To achieve this objective, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is standardized by the IEEE 802.11p Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) standard. Providing reliable communication performance in a highly dynamic time-varying V2V channel is a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, we propose a dynamic equalization scheme, on top of the existing DSRC technology, that significantly improves the packet error rate (PER) of data transmissions without changing the DSRC standard. We also show a hardware implementation of this scheme based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to demonstrate its implementation feasibility. Furthermore, we extend our improved equalization scheme to various data rate options available in the DSRC standard, showing that the proposed scheme is sufficiently generic to support different types of V2V communication. Finally, we report the results of investigating the dependence of wireless communication performance (in terms of PER and throughput) on various design parameters such as packet length, payload size, and data rate.

Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Standards in the United States

Wireless vehicular communication has the potential to enable a host of new applications, the most important of which are a class of safety applications that can prevent collisions and save thousands of lives. The automotive industry is working to develop the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology, for use in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication. The effectiveness of this technology is highly dependent on cooperative standards for interoperability. This paper explains the content and status of the DSRC standards being developed for deployment in the United States. Included in the discussion are the IEEE 802.11p amendment for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), the IEEE 1609.2, 1609.3, and 1609.4 standards for Security, Network Services and Multi-Channel Operation, the SAE J2735 Message Set Dictionary, and the emerging SAE J2945.1 Communication Minimum Performance Requirements standard. The paper shows how these standards fit together to provide a comprehensive solution for DSRC. Most of the key standards are either recently published or expected to be completed in the coming year. A reader will gain a thorough understanding of DSRC technology for vehicular communication, including insights into why specific technical solutions are being adopted, and key challenges remaining for successful DSRC deployment. The U.S. Department of Transportation is planning to decide in 2013 whether to require DSRC equipment in new vehicles.

Smart Revenue Management and Control System Based on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Technology within an Airport Environment

Abstract When the Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) concept started it was simply an Electronic Tag. Today, with two-way communication capability, programmability and intelligence, it has graduated to a full fledged Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) System. Applications are numerous, from vehicle communications to fleet management. Being a “Duplex Batch” based system, the DSRC can support applications that do not require online communication, normally provided by cellular and satellite. This technology forms the backbone of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) deployments in Canada. This paper, one of a series of application papers, covers the use of the DSRC technology in a multi-modal ground transportation management system. The DSRC is enhanced with an on-board multi-interface device for vehicle and driver identification as well as character-display and voice synthesis for driver information.