Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Scores Research Articles

Association between Obesity and Dental Caries in Adults: An analysis of WHR, and DMFT score.

The relationship between obesity and dental caries in adults presents inconsistent findings in current literature, which necessitates further research to clarify this relationship. This study aimed to examine the association between obesity and dental caries in adults using a nationally representative sample. This study employed data of US adults aged > 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) pre-pandemic cycle. Obesity was defined using the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Dental caries were assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores. Most participants were categorized as individuals with obesity based on the WHR (74.5%) or BMI (72.7%). A significant difference in the DMFT scores and missing teeth was observed between individuals with normal weight and individuals with obesity. After adjusting for the sociodemographic variables, individuals with obesity had a 0.11 higher DMFT score (95% CI: -0.01-0.23). A significant association was observed between the WHR and DMFT scores when age was excluded from the model, demonstrating a higher coefficient of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05-0.30). A positive association was observed between obesity and dental caries in the US adult population. However, age was found to be a confounding factor in this relationship. This study highlights the relationship between oral and general health, advocating healthcare providers for an integrated health promotion strategy, through comprehensive campaigns addressing obesity, diet, lifestyle, and dental health, aiming for raising awareness and a more effective public health strategy.

Evaluation of the Association Between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Systemic Diseases and Oral Health in the Turkish Suppopulation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and systemic diseases with oral health in individuals aged 18-65 with the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 367 volunteers aged 18-65 years. The sixty seven people who reported that they ate completely sugar-free and received orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study and 300 people (170 female/130 male; average age:38.64±14.19) were evaluated. The patients’ sociodemographic information (age, gender, education, brushing), systemic diseases, medication use and DMFT scores were recorded by the specialist researcher. Data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Man Whitney-U, Kruskall Wallis test and Post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 test in SPPS software (22.0). Results: The difference in DMFT score with sociodemographic information (age, education, brushing) other than gender was statistically significant (p< .05). DMFT score was found in asthma (12.39±5.17), cardiovascular disease (14.56±7.23) and diabetes (14.00±3.42); was significantly higher compared to healthy (9.39±3.67) people (p< .05). The difference between gastrointestinal disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease and healthy people wasn’t statistically significant (p> .05). However the mean DMFT score in kidney patients (9.00±2.85) was significantly lower compared to asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (p< .05). DMFT score was significantly higher in people using medication (13.77±5.58) than in people not using medication (9.42±3.70)(p< .05). Conclusion: Oral health may be negatively affected by some systemic diseases and drug use. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics have an important effect on oral health. The individual’s sociodemographic characteristics, systemic diseases and medication use should be evaluated in detail in treatment planning and oral health motivation.

Dental caries and adolescent cardiometabolic health from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Background and aimsTo assess the association between dental caries and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. Methods and resultsThe analysis included adolescents aged 13–17 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 who completed an Oral Health Examination. Untreated caries was defined as having one or more decayed teeth. Caries experience was assessed by Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) score. Primary cardiometabolic outcomes included elevated BP (defined as BP 120–129/<80 mmHg) and hypertensive BP (defined as BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg). Secondary cardiometabolic outcomes included obesity, dyslipidemia (defined as any abnormal lipid level), glucose intolerance (measured by HOMA-IR), and microalbuminuria (defined as urine albumin: creatinine ≥30 mg/mg). Adjusted linear and logistic models examined associations using complex survey design procedures.In the sample of 2861 adolescents, 25.6 % (1.3 %) had untreated caries. 55.4 % (1.3 %) had DMFT ≥1. In adjusted regression analyses, untreated caries status was not significantly associated with primary outcomes of elevated BP (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI 0.71, 1.52 p > 0.05), hypertensive BP (OR = 1.72, 95 % CI 0.71, 3.89 p > 0.05), nor secondary cardiometabolic outcomes. No statistically significant associations were found between DMFT score and primary outcomes of elevated BP (OR = 0.01, 95 % CI 0.34, 1.07 p > 0.05), hypertensive BP (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI 0.81, 1.08 p > 0.05), or secondary cardiometabolic outcomes. ConclusionAlthough studies in other countries and in adults show associations between caries and cardiometabolic outcomes, this study did not find an association between caries and cardiometabolic markers.

Assessment of treatment needs, barriers, and self-perception regarding oral health among female university students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe study aimed to compare the self-perceived oral health status measured through a self-administered questionnaire with clinically determined oral health status measured by decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) and community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN) indices in university going females. In addition, access barriers to treatment related to oral healthcare were also determined.MethodsA 3-month analytical cross-sectional study was designed for consenting university going females (aged 18–22 years) in Islamabad, Pakistan. The self-perceived oral health was recorded through a questionnaire requesting information regarding socio-demographics, self-perception of oral health, frequency of dental visits and barriers to seeking oral health. Seven independent examiners performed intraoral clinical examination and assessed the oral health status using globally standardized oral health assessment indices (DMFT and CPITN).ResultsA total of 400 students were included in the final sample. The study revealed a significant disparity between self-perceived oral health and clinical assessment. Although perceived oral health was considered “good” by 80.0% of the respondents, clinical examination revealed moderate DMFT scores (mean 2.95 ± 1.41) and periodontal disease requiring treatment in 89.5% of the individuals. The most common barriers in seeking dental care were lack of knowledge, dental phobia, affordability issue and false self-perception.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated a notable discrepancy between self-perception of oral health and clinically assessed oral health. These results emphasize the importance of focused educational programs and community outreach programs, especially directed towards this demographic. Prioritizing such initiatives will help individuals to recognize their actual oral health condition thus encouraging positive oral health behaviors and outcomes.

Comparison of Dental Caries Risk Assessment Using CaRisk- A Simple Mobile Based Application and WHO deft, DMFT Scores: A Cross Sectional Study.

It is essential to address caries risk at an early stage for the prevention of dental caries. Mobile application CaRisk is designed in a particular way to self-assess the dental caries risk by the individual's themselves. The current study aimed to assess the dental caries risk among age groups 5-6 and 35-44 using self-assessment caries risk mobile application CaRisk and compare it with the deft and DMFT values. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai, India; to evaluate the risk of dental caries in children aged 5 to 6 and adults aged 35 to 44. The scores of the mobile application CaRisk and the decayed- extracted- filled teeth (deft)/ decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) caries risk assessment were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed. The risk category was determined by frequency. Chi-square analysis was done to determine whether the DMFT scores and the CaRisk mobile app were associated. The correlation was performed between the CaRisk mobile application and DMFT scores. Association was found between the caries risk assessment score of the mobile application CaRisk and the DMFT and deft scores of the adults and children for both the age groups 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively and it indicates that it was found to be statistically significant. Pearson's correlation was performed to assess the strength of association and R-values obtained for the age group 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively, which was statistically significant (0.892 and 0.840). This CaRisk mobile application scores correlate with the deft and DMFT scores and it is an effective self-diagnosis tool for assessing dental caries risk assessment. Further, it is suggested that the mobile application CaRisk should be tested among a huge population.

Comparison of traditional regression modeling vs. AI modeling for the prediction of dental caries: a secondary data analysis

IntroductionThere are substantial gaps in our understanding of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition and various predictors using newer modeling methods such as Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy, precision, and differences between the caries predictive capability of AI vs. traditional multivariable regression techniques.MethodsThe study was conducted using secondary data stored in the Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry electronic health records system (axiUm) of pediatric patients aged 6–16 years who were patients on record at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The outcome variables considered in the study were the decayed–missing–filled teeth (DMFT) and the decayed–extracted–filled teeth (deft) scores. The predictors included age, sex, insurance, fluoride exposure, having a dental home, consumption of sugary meals, family caries experience, having special needs, visible plaque, medications reducing salivary flow, and overall assessment questions.ResultsThe average DMFT score was 0.85 ± 2.15, while the average deft scores were 0.81 ± 2.15. For childhood dental caries, XGBoost was the best performing ML algorithm with accuracy, sensitivity. and Kappa as 81%, 84%, and 61%, respectively, followed by Support Vector Machine and Lasso Regression algorithms, both with 84% specificity. The most important variables for prediction found were age and visible plaque.ConclusionsThe machine learning model outperformed the traditional statistical model in the prediction of childhood dental caries. Data from a more diverse population will help improve the quality of caries prediction for permanent dentition where the traditional statistical method outperformed the machine learning model.

Oral Health Behaviour and its Influence on Oral Health Status and Related Quality of Life among Dental Outpatients - A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to predict oral health behaviour (OHB) using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and determine its influence on oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among subjects attending the outpatient department of a tertiary dental hospital in India. A pre-validated questionnaire was used among 240 randomly selected study subjects to record their demographic details, attitudes (Att), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behaviour control (PBC) with regard to dietary habits (DH), oral hygiene habits (OH) and dental attendance (DA) behaviours. OHRQoL and oral health status of study participants were recorded using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form (2013), respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed after the necessary bivariate comparisons. Among demographic characteristics, the Socioeconomic status (SES) of the study subjects highly influenced their DH and OH (P < 0.05). DA was largely affected by the age of the study subjects (P < 0.05). While attitude of the study participants greatly affected their DH, PBC largely influenced their OH and DA behaviours (P < 0.05). The OHRQoL and Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) levels were strongly influenced by the participants' DA behaviours (P < 0.05). DMFT scores and OHRQoL were highly influenced by DA behaviour besides others. DA instead was influenced by PBC. Hence, there needs to be a conscious shift towards strengthening the skills of the population to promote oral health.

Comparison of perceived stress and oral health status using perceived stress scale and DMFT index between healthy, undiagnosed hypertensive, and known hypertensive dental patients.

Subtle and asymptomatic nature of high blood pressure results in increase in mortality and morbidity. Dentists may play a vital role in identifying patients with suspected hypertension who are not yet diagnosed to refer them timely to physicians for diagnosis and management of the condition. The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status using decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and perceived stress score using perceived stress scale (PSS-10) between systemically healthy dental patients, and patients with undiagnosed and known hypertension attending dental out-patient department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 108 patients participated selected through purposive sampling method, 36 in each group. According to Kruskal Wallis H test, there were significant associations seen among the three groups with age (p < 0.001), DMFT (p < 0.001), and PSS-10 scores (p = 0.003). According to Spearman's matrix correlations, moderate positive correlations were observed between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and DMFT (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), and MAP and age (r = 0.38, p = 0.001), DMFT and PSS-10 (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), and DMFT and age (r = 0.33, p = 0.004) in healthy and patients with undiagnosed hypertension. It may be concluded that patients with raised blood pressure have higher perceived stress and deteriorated oral health.

Body mass index, oral health status and OHRQoL among special health care needs children and parenting stress: a case-control study in Southern Saudi Arabia.

The appropriateness for determining Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of special children by their caregivers must be thoroughly assessed. The present study was conducted to assess the Oral health related quality of life of children with disability and the stress levels of their parents. Moreover, the study also evaluated the plaque, DMFT (Decayed, missing, filled teeth) and BMI (Body Mass Index) of disabled children (cases) and healthy children (controls). The present case-control study was carried out on 150 parents of disabled children and 30 parents of healthy children (control group) at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. The Arabic version of the 36-item parenting stress index-short format (PSI-SF) instrument was used for the assessment of parental stress, and the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version) Arabic version questionnaire was used for the assessment of quality of life of children. The parents or the caregivers who would be mainly occupied in assisting and rendering care to their children with different disabilities (certified by a pediatrician, aged between 4-14 years), were included in the study. Data were analyzed using statistical software. The total mean value score of the PSI scale of parents of cases was statistically found to be significantly higher compared to the mean scores among parents of controls (p = 0.004). The correlation between BMI and plaque & BMI and DMFT+df of cases indicated no statistically significant correlation while a statistically significant correlation between plaque and DMFT+df values in cases was observed. The mean score of the social relationship domain was statistically significantly different across the four levels of parents' educational status. The severity of dental caries, plaque accumulation and education-level of caregivers had a significant impact on the OHRQoL, however, BMI did not show a significant relation with DMFT and plaque scores. The parenting stress was found to be statistically higher among the parents of cases compared to the parents of controls.

Impact of tobacco habits on poor oral health status among bone-factory workers in a low literacy city in India: A cross-sectional study.

Oral health is a vital indicator of well-being that is influenced by various habits and lifestyles of individuals. Oral diseases are the bottleneck in the effective control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to chronic in nature and reciprocal relationship as sharing the common risk factors and habits such as sugar, tobacco, and alcohol consumption that increase the risk of developing various inevitable diseases. However, there is a lack of literature highlighting the relationship between risk factors for oral diseases and general health among individuals. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 study participants aged 20 to 64 years who gave written informed consent and were recruited by Multistage Stratified Cluster Sampling technique among workers in five bone factories, working for at least one year since January 2001 to March 2022 in Sambhal city, Uttar Pradesh. WHO-Basic Oral Health Survey-1997 was used to record the data regarding sociodemographic and oral health status variables. We used the modified WHO-STEPWISE pre-structured questionnaire to record tobacco consumption habits and oral health-seeking behavior. We scheduled a clinical intra-oral examination to record the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the interview on the premises of five bone factories. Among the 500 bone-factory workers, the total number of males was 342 (68.40%) and 158 (31.60%) were females. The mean age (Standard Deviation) was 33.18 (10), and the mean DMFT score of factory workers was 2.84 (3.12). Production workers had the highest mean DMFT score of 4.60 (3.25). More than half of the factory workers (53.2%) were tobacco users. Tobacco users were 3.52 times more likely to have a severe DMFT index. Most common pre-cancerous lesions were oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia. Compared to non-tobacco users, mild tobacco users have 6.80 folds higher odds of oral lesions. Tobacco consumption is not only harmful for oral health but also leads to several non-communicable and systemic diseases. NCDs and dental caries are chronic and preventable conditions with a bidirectional relationship implicated by modifiable major risk factors such as tobacco consumption. Decreasing the consumption of tobacco use may improve oral health and reduce the risk of the development of NCDs. Also, regular dental visits should be scheduled to monitor the oral health status of factory workers. Additionally, tailored intervention for tobacco cessation should be implicated to maintain the general and oral health of industrial workers.

Assessment of DMFT Score, Salivary Protein, and Flow Rate in UiTM’s Year One Dental Students

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the year one dental students for their score of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), total salivary protein, and unstimulated and stimulated flow rate of salivary secretions. In addition, correlations between DMFT index with their salivary parameters were also elucidated in our study. Methods: Fifty-seven of dental students were selected in the study, and informed consents were obtained prior to study. Intraoral examination specifically the DMFT scoring was performed. Both salivary proteins in unstimulated and stimulated saliva were measured using Bicinchoninic acid protein assay, and finally flow rates of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were calculated in the study. Data obtained for DMFT score and salivary parameters were analyzed by descriptive test and Spearman’s correlation test using SPSS version 26.0. Software Program (IBM, New York), Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Majority subjects showed DMFT index of 40.6% in DMFT 1-3 and 36.9% in DMFT 4-10 respectively. Statistically significant inverse correlations were observed between salivary total protein and unstimulated salivary flow rate (r=-0.314, p=0.017), and DFMT score with stimulated salivary flow rate (r=-0.244, p=0.067). Conclusion: In our study, majority of first year dental students evidenced DMFT scores of 1-10, with slightly significant associated dental caries prevalence with salivary flow rate. The findings obtained may serve as reference values for the growing interest in saliva as a diagnostic tool in predicting dental caries risk.

Prevalence and association of dental anomalies and tooth decay in Italian childhood cancer survivors.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental anomalies according to age at cancer treatment and type of antineoplastic protocol using the Modified Dental Defect Index (MDDI) and to explore the association between MDDI scores and caries experience in Italian childhood cancer survivors (CCS). A total of 88 CCSs (age range 6-20 years) treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for malignant diseases and in remission from at least 2 years were consecutively recruited from March 2019 to July 2022. All participants were examined for dental caries and enamel defects in the permanent dentition according to the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index and the Aine rating scale. Dental abnormalities were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs and graded for severity according to the MDDI. The MDDI values were categorized as normal (MDDI, 0), moderately abnormal (1 ≤ MDDI < 16), and severely abnormal (MDDI ≥16). None of the enrolled children had normal MDDI score. MDDI and DMFT values were higher in CCSs submitted to cancer treatment before 5 years of age, while no statistically significant association was found with anticancer protocols. A significant positive correlation emerged between DMFT and MDDI values (p < 0.001). CCSs with moderately abnormal disturbances had statistically significant lower DMFT scores (p < 0.001) than those with severe dental abnormalities. These findings suggest that children in remission from malignant diseases with MDDI values ≥16 have poorer dental health and should be strictly monitored by dental specialists.

Assessment of Oral Lesions With Tobacco Usage: A Cross-Sectional Clinicopathological Study in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Background Tobacco usage in the form of smoking or chewing has increased the risk of oralpotentiallymalignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. These deleterious habits are also related to changes in dentition and the oral mucosa. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the oral changes associated with tobacco usage among residents of Sri Ganganagar. Materials and methods This study was conducted among the residents of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using stratified cluster random sampling, prestructured questionnaires, and detailed oral examination. A total of 100 patients with a previous history of tobacco usage were enrolled in this study after obtaining informed consent. Age- and gender-matched controls were also evaluated to correlate the findings. Clinical details were documented, including the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), loss of attachment, dental findings, and oral mucosal changes. Suspicious lesions were stained with toluidine blue, and a biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. The tabulated results were statistically analyzed using theStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA)for significance. Results Attrition, abrasion, and erosion of teeth were more frequent in tobacco users than in controls. Smoker's palate, tobacco pouch keratosis, and leukoplakia were commonly noted mucosal lesions. The mean values of the parameters of the DMFT score (3.560), CPI score (2.190), and loss of attachment score (0.542) were higher among tobacco users, and it was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Out of 100 patients, 17 had suspicious lesions. It included seven cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), two cases of tobacco pouch keratosis, and eight cases of leukoplakia. Toluidine blue staining and biopsy were performed. Histopathological examination of suspicious lesions revealed hyperkeratosis, various grades of epithelial dysplasia, and differing inflammatory responses. Out of 17 biopsied cases, there were two cases of hyperkeratosis with severe epithelial dysplasia, four cases of hyperkeratosis with moderate epithelial dysplasia, two cases of hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia, two cases of superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, five cases of advanced OSMF, and two cases of moderately advanced OSMF. Conclusion Tobacco usage produces visible changes in dentition and latent alterations in the oral mucosa. Suspicious lesions should always be referred for histopathological examination to identify oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancerso that prompt treatment could be initiated. Patient education is mandatory to avoid the usage of tobacco in any form.

Evaluation of Dental and Periodontal Health Status in Leprosy Patients during Three Different Stages of Drug Regimen: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The prevalence of oral lesions in leprosy patients and the risk of developing them with the disease are considerably high. Multidrug Therapy (MDT) can effectively treat leprosy, but its effectiveness is heavily dependent on early detection, when chronic disability might be avoided. Poor oral hygiene combined with weakened immunity increases the risk of developing oral lesions in leprosy patients and impacts their overall health. Aim: To evaluate the oral, dental and periodontal findings in patients during three different stages of drug regimen. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 known leprosy patients from four leprosy facilities in the Vidarbha area, Maharashtra, India. Comprehensive oral examination was performed from July 2022 to September 2022, including the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, assessment of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs), Plaque Index (PI), Papillary bleeding Index (PBI) and complete periodontal examination by measuring Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). Descriptive statistics were done utilising SPSS version 23. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to check the mean difference between the three groups. The statistical significance established was p&lt;0.05. Results: The evaluation revealed the prevalence of decayed teeth as 103 out of 150 (68%), that of a missing tooth was 93 out of 150 (62%). NCCLs were found in 80 out of 150 with the prevalence of abrasion as seen in 51 (63.7%) patients and 38 patients (47.5%) for abfraction, and 18 out of 80 patients (22.5%) for erosion. Comparing the PI and PBI between the groups, significantly higher scores were observed in patients who had not undergone treatment (p-value &lt;0.01). CAL was found to be statistically significant with higher scores in patients who had completed their treatment (p-value &lt;0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the NCCLS and the DMFT scores were higher in the untreated group. However, there was increased attachment loss in treated patients, which can be supplemented to the drug therapy prescribed for leprosy

Assessment of oral health status among Bhoi community of Nimapara block in Puri district, Odisha: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of the adult population of the Bhoi community of Nimapara block in Puri district of Odisha. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 433 adults Bhois using a multistage randomized sampling method in Nimapara Block of Dhanua Gram Panchayat, Puri District. Data were collected using the modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form, 2013. Number and percentages were derived using MS Excel and SPSS package version 26.0. Comparison between discrete and continuous data was done using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. The P value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The mean Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) for all study participants was 3.94 ± 3.106. The average DMFT scores for males and females were 3.89 ± 2.938 and 4.0 ± 3.30 respectively. The average shallow and deep pocket presences were 1.20 ± 0.680 and 1.90 ± 0.310, respectively. The mean calculus was 2.13 ± 0.476. The highest loss of attachment of 6 to 8 mm was seen in 92 (21.2%) subjects. The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases was high. As there is a lack of knowledge about oral hygiene maintenance, proper health education should be administered.

Oral health status of adult hypophosphatasia patients: A cross-sectional study.

This study evaluated the oral health status of adult patients with hypophosphatasia (HPP). Parameters of oral health assessment comprised decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) as well as documentation of tooth loss and periodontal health status according to CCD/AAP criteria. Findings were compared with national reference data (DMS V survey) reporting oral health status in age-related controls. Within-group comparisons were made between the HPP patients harbouring one versus two alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney type (ALPL) gene variants. Of 80 HPP patients (64 female) with a mean age of 46.4 years (range 24-78) and one (n=55) or two (n=18) variants (n=7 lacking testing) within the ALPL gene, those with two variants displayed substantially higher tooth loss rate (14.0 ± 9.3) than those affected by only one ALPL variant (4.1 ± 5.4), who did not differ substantially from healthy DMS V controls. While DMFT score and severe periodontal diseases (PDs) of HPP patients with one variant only increased with progressing age, the two-variant sub-cohort age independently exhibited increased DMFT scores and a higher rate of severe PDs. HPP patients affected by two variants of the ALPL gene exhibited a higher risk of periodontitis and tooth loss than the general population, while patients with one variant developed clinically relevant oral disease symptoms with progressing ageing. gov identifier: NCT02291497.

Oral health status and absence from school among 12 year olds.

To assess dental caries, periodontal status, malocclusion and absenteeism from school among 12-year-olds in Bhopal district, Central India. Two-stage random sample of 1238 school children. Decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT), Significant caries index (SiC), community periodontal index (CPI) and dental aesthetic index (DAI) were used to record dental caries, periodontal status and malocclusion. Information on absence from school in the previous year due to pain/discomfort in the teeth or mouth was collected via interviews. Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) examined the direct and indirect predictors of absence from school. A total of 39.1%, 17.3% and 23.9% of children had dental caries, calculus and gingival bleeding respectively. Mean DMFT and SiC scores were 1.82± 1.36 and 3.15 ± 1.47. 5,127 school hours were missed due to oral health problems per 1,000 children. None of the studied variables predicted absence from school. Utilization of dental care was associated directly with gender and malocclusion (p⟨ 0.001). Periodontal status was associated with male gender, nuclear families, tobacco consumption, and malocclusion (p⟨ 0.001). Higher DMFT was associated with male gender, malocclusion and experience of pain/discomfort (p⟨ 0.001). Poor oral health and a high prevalence of untreated dental caries were noted. Despite a considerable number of missed school hours reported due to dental conditions, none of the studied variables predicted absence from school.

Oral health among prisoners of District Jail, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India - A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Prisoners are at risk from a range of health related problems, caused by a number of factors. This study was conducted to assess the impact of incarceration on oral health among the prisoners of Haridwar District Jail, Uttarakhand state.Material and method: A total of 573 inmates (534 males and 39 females) comprised the total study population. Oral health was examined with the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and by measuring pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).Results: The age of the study participants ranged between 18 to 90 years with a mean age of 46.14 ± 15.29 years. The overall mean DMFT score was 5.40±6.49, with a prevalence of 77%. A significant difference (P=0.001) was found when the mean score of DMFT was compared to the period of incarceration, where the highest mean score was 6.97±7.69 for 5-10 years.Discussion: There was a significant difference found for DMFT among inmates based on a period of incarceration. Gender and period of incarceration had no significant impact on the severity of periodontal diseases among jail inmates. Longitudinal studies are required to find out the causal association between incarceration and oral health. Comprehensive and timely oral health care is required for this vulnerable population.Conclusion: The level of oral disease among jail inmates was high. There was a significant difference for DMFT among inmates based on the period of incarceration.

Prevalence and susceptibility profiles of oral yeast species isolated from a healthy adult Thai cohort

ObjectiveAs the emerging resistance of Candida species to common antifungals is a major global concern, we assessed the antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from a healthy, Thai adult cohort, and correlated the yeast prevalence with oral disease indices. MethodsOral rinse samples collected from 100 Thai adults were concentrated and cultured on CHROMagar Candida. The yeasts were then isolated, identified and finally speciated using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Their antifungal sensitivity against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were investigated using standard Etest strips. The decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) and the periodontal health were recorded and correlated with mycological data. ResultsThe overall oral yeast prevalence was 25%. C. albicans was the commonest species isolated, followed by C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis. Non-albicans-Candida was noted in approximately one-third, and included C. lusitaniae and C. nivariensis; Trichosporon asahii, was also detected in one subject. A majority of C. albicans isolates, (> 54%), exhibited resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole, while approximately a quarter (27%) were resistant to itraconazole. The vast majority (92%) however, were susceptible to amphotericin B. Those with oral yeasts had a significantly higher DMFT score (p < 0.05). ConclusionThe resistance of a majority of Candida spp. to common azoles, described here for the first time in a Thai cohort, is disconcerting, and appear to confirm the creeping emergence of antifungal resistance globally. An incidental finding was the positive correlation between oral yeast carriage and DMFT score in Thai subjects.

Associaton of dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary pH with DMFT index of patients in Riyadh.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a genetic disposition. To evaluate correlation among dermatoglyphic patterns, salivary pH, and dental caries. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 randomly selected volunteers between 15 and 30 years of age who visited dental clinics from November 2019 to December 2020. Caries status was evaluated as decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary pH was measured. Patients with a DMFT score of 0-5 were into Group A, those with DMFT 5-10 into Group B, and those above 10 were classified into Group C. The dermatoglyphic patterns on the palmar digits of participants were recorded using the method by Cummins and Midlo. A higher salivary pH was observed in Group A and Group B when compared with Group C (P = 0.001), and this difference was statistically significant. Group A exhibited a statistically significant association with the arch form of fingerprint (58.1%), whereas Group B exhibited a statistically significant association with the loop form (51.9%). Group C exhibited a statistically significant association with the whorl pattern of fingerprint pattern (98.8%) (P = 0.001). The loop pattern is associated with lesser incidence of caries, whereas whorl pattern is associated with higher incidence of caries. Dermatoglyphics is a noninvasive method that can be used to identify caries susceptibility and take appropriate prophylactic measures.