DC Electric Motor Research Articles

Project of a universal inverter used to control and supply both AC and DC electric motors

The paper presents the new approach for motor driver constructions and control systems. Authors of the work proposed the device that can control both AC and DC electric motors without any additional hardware modification. In order to meet this goal the universal motor driver has been constructed and some improvements in output waveform modulation system have been introduced. In the paper the three different method of a motor control have been discussed briefly and a hardware setup has been presented. Tests have been carried out for three types of electric motors, i.e. a magnetoelectric DC motor, single-phase and three-phase induction motor. The obtained results in form of output waveforms of current and voltage have been analyzed in terms of harmonic distortion using a popular Fast Fourier Transform FFT and discussed in the paper.

Design and implementation of a universal inverter for supplying AC and DC electric motors

Design and implementation of a universal inverter for supplying AC and DC electric motors

A Novel Fuzzy-PSO Controller for Increasing the Lifetime in Power Electronics Stage for Brushless DC Drives

In electric drives, the lifetime of the power electronics stage is strongly reduced by the command signals from the speed controller because the features of the power electronics stage are not included in the controller design. A reduction in the power electronics lifetime generates premature fault conditions during the operation of electric drives, which directly affects the industrial processes where the power electronic stage is used. Thus, power electronics stages for controllers are frequently overdesigned, which reduces their efficiency and increments their weight, size, and cost. Power electronics stages are generally designed using essential electronic devices, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) that have limited lifetimes. In electric drives, these power electronics components work under high switching frequencies to drive high electric power to achieve the desired mechanical references, such as speed and position in electric brushless dc motors. In this paper, we propose power electronics lifetime optimization and a faster speed response in a brushless dc motor drive by a fuzzy particle swarm optimization (Fuzzy-PSO) controller, which is a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) modified by PSO. Moreover, an objective function which includes the desired speed and the reference temperature is proposed. The proposed controller is compared with a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and FLC via co-simulation in Multisim and LabVIEW software. The results confirm that the Fuzzy-PSO has a superior speed performance and improves the lifetime in the power electronics stages. This proposal is an important contribution to industrial electric drives that require incrementing the power electronics lifetime.

Design of an electronic odometer for DC motors

Abstract The paper proposes an innovative electronic sensor for odometry in mobile robotics. The sensor is based on measurement of current peaks caused by commutation of a DC electric motor. The signal is preprocessed by analog filters, then digital processing in microcontroller is applied. The sensor utilizes small low-power MCU AtTiny44 and provides SPI interface for the communication with the master robot controller. The main advantage of the proposed sensor is the lack of any mechanical parts, which results in high durability. The sensor has been simulated in Simulink and then a fully-functional sample was created and tested.

Методика оценки состояния коммутации тяговых электродвигателей карьерных самосвалов в условиях эксплуатации

Методика оценки состояния коммутации тяговых электродвигателей карьерных самосвалов в условиях эксплуатации

Structural and electro-magnetic properties of high (BH)max La-Sm substituted Sr-hexaferrite for brushless DC electric motors application

La-Sm substituted Sr-hexaferrite {SrAl4(La0.5Sm0.5)xFe8-xO19 with x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5} nanomaterials have been synthesized by the auto combustion method. The XRD is supported the magneto-plumbite phase. Rietveld structure refinement is carried out to estimate crystallite size, strain, and variation in lattice parameters with composition. Prepared ferrite grains have a platelet-like shape, and the grain size increases with substitution. Remanence (Br) magnetization is observed to increase while intrinsic (iHc) coercivity to decrease with substitution. The dielectric permittivity (ɛ) is found to decrease with the increase in frequency. AC resistivity (ρ) is decreased with the enhancement of La-Sm substitution. The optimized magnetic properties obtained from x = 1.0 composition are Br= 5.19 kG, iHc= 6.18 kOe, (BH)max= 6.69 MGOe, Tc = 492 K, and ρ = 4.30*107 Ohm-cm (at 100 kHz). Under 1 kW output power, the ferrite is useful for DC motors application.

Robust dynamic sliding mode control of robot manipulators using the Fourier series expansion

This paper presents a robust dynamic sliding mode control for electrically driven robot manipulators. The control law computes the motor voltages based on the voltage control strategy. Uncertainties are estimated using the Fourier series expansion and the truncation error is compensated. The Fourier coefficients are tuned based on the stability analysis. The contribution of this paper is designing a robust controller using a novel adaptive Fourier series expansion. In comparison with previous related works based on the Fourier series expansion, the superiority of this paper is presenting an adaptation law for the fundamental frequency of the Fourier series expansion and, consequently, relaxing the need for trial and error procedure in its tuning. The case study is a SCARA (Selective Compliant Articulated Robot for Assembly) robot manipulator actuated by permanent magnet DC electrical motors. The influence of uncertainty estimation based on the Fourier series expansion instead of using sign function is studied. Simulation results verify robust and satisfactory performance of the proposed controller.

A Simulation Study on Energy Consumption and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Electric Motorcycle

Recent years have seen the development of the hybrid electric motorcycle in order to reduce pollutant emissions and the fossil-fuel consumption of transportation. This paper presents a research of energy consumption and essential cost of innovative technology that is applied on two wheels motorcycle based on the platform of Honda Lead 110cc. The front wheel is replaced by a DC electric hub motor powered by lithium-ion battery. The rear wheel is driven by drive train integrated with a continuously variable transmission as its origin. Both of them are able to provide propulsion torque separately or simultaneously. Through simulations of vehicle driving range using popular driving cycles, it is demonstrated that there is considerable benefit in fuel economy. The plug – in hybrid structure without generator is effective choice to renovate a traditional motorcycle in traffic condition of Vietnamese cities. The fuel consumption of plug – in hybrid motorcycle can be 0.567 l/100 km less than original in case of rider only. The results show that performance characteristics of the plug – in hybrid motorcycle are likely to achieve the desired acceptance that original one currently achieve. This study offers a favorable support for further development of hybrid electric motorcycle.

Adaptive dynamical tracking control under uncertainty of shunt DC motors

A new adaptive velocity trajectory tracking control scheme for nonlinear shunt DC electric motors subjected to unmeasurable variable load torque and parametric uncertainty is proposed. Artificial neural networks and dynamical tracking error compensators are synergically combined to avoid dependence on detailed mathematical models of uncertain nonlinear systems and significantly improve the controller robustness and efficiency. The introduced robust tracking control approach can efficiently adapt to diverse uncertain operating scenarios. A priori knowledge or real-time estimation of disturbances and system parameters are unnecessary. The proposed output feedback dynamical tracking control can be extended to a wide class of controllable electric power systems operating under uncertainty. Analytical and numerical results prove the robust and efficient performance of the dynamical tracking control.

PID Control for Electric Vehicles Subject to Control and Speed Signal Constraints

A PID control for electric vehicles subject to input armature voltage and angular velocity signal constraints is proposed. A PID controller for a vehicle DC motor with a separately excited field winding considering the field current constant was tuned using controlled invariant set and multiparametric programming concepts to consider the physical motor constraints as angular velocity and input armature voltage. Additionally, the integral of the error, derivative of the error constraints, and λ were considered in the proposed algorithm as tuning parameters to analyze the DC motor dynamic behaviors. The results showed that the proposed algorithm can be used to generate control actions taking into account the armature voltage and angular velocity limits. Also, results demonstrate that a controller subject to constraints can improve the electric vehicle DC motor dynamic; and at the same time it protects the motor from overvoltage.

CONSTRUINDO UM MOTOR ELETRICO DE CORRENTE CONTINUA COMO APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA DA LEI DE FARADAY

Apresentamos uma proposta de ensino na área de eletromagnetismo (motor de corrente continua - cc) com foco nas atividades práticas segundo a conceituação de Piaget, aqui extrapolada para incluir os objetos em ambientes virtuais. Montamos em sala de aula um motor elétrico de cc, para discutir conceitos da teoria eletromagnética. Realiza-se a modelagem física e sua simulação em computador utilizando o software educacional Modellus. Em ambas as situações, no laboratório didático com o objeto de estudo real, e no laboratório virtual com a simulação do objeto, os participantes mostram intenso interesse, ilustrando as potencialidades da aprendizagem ativa.

Numerical investigation of the DC electric motor

We analyze the motion of a simple DC brushed electric motor: a rotating loop of current (rotor) with a commutator in the presence of a constant uniform magnetic field (stator). We solve numerically the equations of motion and investigate the different characteristics of the solution space. For some values of the parameters, simple asymptotic steady-state solutions can be found. In particular we obtain expressions for the terminal angular speed, relaxation time, average power, and efficiency in the steady-state.

A PROTOTYPE SWING MECHANICAL ARM WEEDER FOR WEED CONTROL OF ORCHARD TREES

A weeder with controlled swing mechanical arm was developed to control and remove the weeds intra-rows orchards tree. The swing mechanical arm constructed from steel, ground wheel carried the arm. The DC Electric motor with 12 V was used as the source of power to operate the rotary blades Weeder. Three rotational speed 1600 rpm, 2200 rpm and 2600 rpm was adjusted and controlled by the short resistor circuit. The prototype electric Weeder was evaluated under three forward speed 3.2 kmh-1, 4.1 kmh-1 and 5.7 kmh-1 at three rotational speed 1600 rpm, 2200 rpm and 2600 rpm for weeder and two different blades. The result indicated that it could be able to use the electric power produced from the tractor can be used to operate of the electric weeder. The electric Weeder with controlled swing mechanical arm may be applied to control of the weeds in citrus orchards tree field. The rotational speed 2600 rpm and forward speed 3.2km. h-1gave the maximum weeding efficiency under orange orchards tree field conditions. The blades weeder was more effective in controlling weeds than the Tines. The developed electric weeder may be ideal for weeding under orchard trees. The type of blades was non-effect on fuel consumption at constant forward speed.

Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor and Mechanical Structure Design for the Electric Impact Wrench System

This paper presents an analytical method to design an interior permanent magnet brushless DC electric motor (IPMBLDC motor) for a kind of electric impact wrench used for loading and unloading car bolts. It takes into account magnet assembly gap, rotor saturation webs, and bridges. Assumed flux leakage coefficient and selected working point of a permanent magnet were used in the initial design. An advanced equivalent magnetic circuit was developed to verify the total flux leakage and the quiescent operating point based on initial design parameters. Key design method points are considered and analyzed. Thermal analysis is given to simulate the temperature rise of all parts of the motor. The new impact wrench mechanical structure is designed, and its working principle analyzed. An electromagnetic field analysis based on MATLAB and the MAXWELL 2D finite element method (FEM) were used in the design to verify the equivalent magnetic circuit and optimize the IPMBLDC motor parameters. Experimental results are obtained to verify the design. The electrical and mechanical designs are combined and an analytical IPMBLDC motor design method is provided. We also show an innovative and reasonable mechanical dynamical calculation method for the impact wrench system, which can be used in whole system design of other functional electric tools.

Energy-Optimal Hopping in Parallel and Series Elastic One-Dimensional Monopeds

In this paper, we examine the question of whether parallel elastic actuation or series elastic actuation is better suited for hopping robots. To this end, we compare and contrast the two actuation concepts in energy optimal hopping motions. To enable a fair comparison, we employ optimal control to identify motion trajectories, actuator inputs, and system parameters that are optimally suited for each actuator concept. In other words, we compare the best possible hopper with parallel elastic actuation to the best possible hopper with series elastic actuation. The optimizations are conducted for three different cost functions: positive mechanical motor work, thermal electrical losses, and positive electrical work. Furthermore, we look at three representative cases for converting rotary motor motion to linear leg motion in a legged robot. Our model featured an electric DC-motor model, a gearbox with friction, damping in the leg spring, and contact collisions. We find that the optimal actuator choice depends both on the cost function and conversion of motor motion to leg motion. When considering only thermal electrical losses, parallel elastic actuation always performs better. In terms of positive mechanical motor work and positive electrical work, series elastic actuation is better when there is little friction in the gear-train. For higher gear-train friction parallel elastic actuation is more economical for these cost functions as well.

PERFORMACE EVALUATION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMP FOR OPERATING OF LANDSCAPE SYSTEM

Most landscapes requires the water essentially, water pumping consumes a significant amount energy. The study carried out to evaluate the performance of a solar water pumping system for the purpose of operating landscape system. The system consists of a centrifugal water pump connected directly to DC electric motor that which connected directly to a solar photovoltaic generator. Field test had been carried out at Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Measurements were taken every hour starting from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM through randomly selected days during the period between August 2016 and February 2017. Results show the relation between the solar radiation and the output electrical power, hydraulic power, pumping rates and the efficiency of the system. System evaluation was carried out by estimating the intensity of solar radiation, Photovoltaic output power and the hydraulic power generated. The PV output power was 712 W at solar radiation intensity of 841 W/m². Also, photovoltaic generator and pumping system efficiencies were 14.98% and 14.21% respectively.

Optimal PI$^{{\lambda}}$ D$^{{\mu}}$ Controller Design for Two Wheeled Inverted Pendulum

Fractional order controllers have a growing popularity in last years and they give more flexibility to researchers for designing a controller. In this paper, a fractional order PID controller is designed for the position control of a two wheeled inverted pendulum. The pendulum is modeled with DC electrical motors to obtain a more realistic model. Integer order PID controller is also designed to make a comparison with fractional order controller and all controllers are optimized by swarm algorithms to be sure obtained the best performance for each controller. A fractional order PID controller has two extra parameters ( $\lambda $ and $\mu$ ) and totally five parameters to be optimized. Optimization algorithms are powerful tools for designing a controller, and guarantee finding an optimum result. However, each optimization algorithm has a different performance not only because of the structure of the algorithm but also depending on the optimization problem. Because of this, four popular optimization algorithms (artificial bee colony, particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimizer, and cuckoo search algorithm) are used to tune controller parameters, and compared regard with the optimized system performance. The results show that the best performance is obtained by the fractional order PID controller, which optimized by artificial bee colony algorithm. The fractional order PID controllers have also better performance than integer order PIDs when used the same optimization algorithm for tuning.

Power extraction from stall-induced oscillations of an airfoil

Aerodynamic and structural nonlinearities of aeroelastic systems control different aspects of their limit cycle oscillations and bifurcations. One strong nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic effect that results in self-induced oscillations of airfoils is the dynamic stall. So, the concept of power extraction from stall-induced oscillations of a pitching airfoil is investigated. Experiments are performed to explore and enhance the conversion of the oscillations of a NACA0012 airfoil that is restrained elastically in pitching to electrical power. Wind tunnel tests are performed on an airfoil model connected to a DC electric motor to harvest the energy. The effects of varying the position of the axle, which defines the elastic axis, are investigated. Bifurcation diagrams as the air speed is increased and average power estimates for different experimental conditions are used to analyze the power extraction features. The results show an aerodynamic efficiency of about 40% indicating that an airfoil oscillating under the effects of dynamic stall is an adequate platform for energy harvesting.

Study on the optimal operating characteristics for lithium -ion batteries used in hybrid electric motorcycle

This study presents a short overview about Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) batteries and its applicability on either hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) or motorcycle with the hybrid transmission in particular. This study deals with optimal operating characteristics calculation, comparison, and experiment Li-ion battery for HEM (Hybrid Electric Motorcycle) application, which is renovated from Honda Lead 110cc with the direct-driven front wheel by Brushless DC Electric Motor, the rear wheel is driven by internal combustion engine with the original continuously variable transmission (CVT). Both of them are able to provide torque independently or concurrently. The results of this research can be used to study optimal power source and the operating cost of the vehicle after renovation.

Perancangan Telescopstick Menggunakan Quality Function Deployment (QFD)

<p>As the development of science is always accompanied by high-technology applications, innovation is needed to support the implementation of a technology. Almost all human activities are currently assisted by tools. Most of the families in Indonesia has a TV antenna. However, There are difficulties in the installation of antenna stick. Therefore, designing a tool in the form of a stick that can be elongated/shortened automatically is necessary for ease of use. The tool is called "Telescopstick". In addition, to be a tool for TV antenna pole, it is designed for multifunctional purpose because there is a joint at the end of this tool that can be connected with other tools, so it can serve as a substitution of a lamp, duster and etc. This tool is designed to be robust and lightweight, made of polyethylene pipe in a consideration of the functions and needs of this tool. The mechanism of this tool is basically a pulley system that enables the change of its length dimension through the pull of wire. The wire pulling mechanism itself utilizes 12 Volt DC electric motor with energy provided by a battery. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is employed to design this tool because it focuses on a consumer-needs-based design process. The results show that the tool can replace conventional sticks which are easily destroyed and difficult to install and the availability of spare parts are easily obtained as well. The findings of this study can be used as effectively as possible for future research.</p><p>Keywords: Telescopstick Design, Innovation, Polyethylene, Quality Function Deployment</p>